中高级翻译技巧

<中高级翻译技巧>

一.被动语态的翻译

汉语和英语在语态使用上有较大的差异:

英语中被动语态用的较多,在没有必要或不愿意说出或者时没办法说出动作发出者时,英语就用被动语态来表示.汉语虽然也有被动语态,但是还是比较倾向于使用主动语态,因此我们在进行翻译之时,在大多数情况下要根据汉语和英语的各自使用习惯来翻译.接下来,我将以有关于被动语态翻译技巧的讲述之下,来让大家体会中英语之间的这种差异

eg: Nowadays ,her songs are so popular among the young people that they are played on the radio every Sunday . 现在,她的歌曲在年轻人中十分走红,每星期天都在电台播放 就这句话而言,大家可以注意到的就是,英语使用的是被动语态,而中文使用的是主动语态,因为很明显,在英语中没有必要说出\播放\这个动作的执行者,而在中文之中,把播放译成\被播放\就显得十分的别扭好,现在我将为大家讲解我刚才写在黑板上的一些句子的被动翻译技巧 1)使用加词法使翻译在汉语中含有被动含义

当使用英译中之时,我们可以使用一些汉语中表示被动的词,而不是简单的就只是用\被\这一个词,这样我们的译文就会变得生动很多

如:由,给,受,把,使.得到,是….的,为….所 请看以下几句句子:

eg: Heads of federal departments are named by the President , and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials . 联邦政府各部部长由总统任命,法官由人民直接选举,或者由选举出来的官员任命 Though some people have been laid off because of automation , most have been absorbed by new industries and by the growth of service and leisure industries. 有些人由于自动化而失了业,但是多数人为新兴产业及服务休闲业的扩大而吸收 If a computer can be made complex enough , it can be as creative as we. 如果能把电脑造的足够复杂的话,那么电脑就能像人一样富于创造力 It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are \

人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题,只是因为它们给输入了解决问题的\程序\The quality of the product was limited by the cost. 产品的质量受到了成本的限制 The effort of the government was recognized by the public. 政府的努力得到了公众的承认 2)直接译成主动结构

*有些句子在汉语中,使用主动结构更为合适

We both believe that through vigilance and strength , in your words , a war can be postponed , and in our words , war can be avoided. 我们都认为, 有了警惕和实力,用你们的话说, 就可以推迟战争;用我们的话说,就可以避免战争. When the Constitution was written in 1787, there were only 13 states. 1787年草拟宪法时,美国只有13个州 What we say here will not be long remembered. 我们这里所讲的话, 人们不会长久地记住 **常用结构的翻译

It is said/reported/mentioned/pointed out that , 结构常译成主动结构

It is said that the man was murdered by the black man. 据说是那个黑人谋杀了那个人. It is reported that the new president is going to pay an official visit to Russia. 据报道,新任总统将对俄罗斯进行一次正式访问 It is know to all that China's opening to the outside world will have a positive influence on its economic development . 大家都知道,中国对外开放将对其经济发展起积极的作用 <补充练习>

Commercial cargoes are transported by highway, water and rail . One recent innovation is \cargo. At the factory, crates of goods are placed in large metal containers on wheels , and the containers are sealed and hitched to trucks to be taken to railroad centers or ports , where large cranes lift them on to freight cars, barges or ships. 商业货物由公路,水路与铁路来运输,近来发明了\集装箱\货运. 在厂家就把货物装入带轮子的大型金属集装箱内,

装箱密封后,挂在卡车后拉到铁路编组站或港口,用大吊车装上货物车厢,驳船或轮船. Crime is partly a result of bad material conditions : certainly it is most prevalent among people whose lives are not satisfactory in obvious ways---people without a settled home , with parents separated or divorced , victims of various kinds of misfortune , including poverty and lack of education . But bad social conditions , in the obvious material sense , can hardly be accepted as the main explanation for a rapid increase of crime in the 1960s and 1970s . There are after all fewer people suffering from the bad conditions than before , and it is much easier to make a very satisfactory living by honest work now than it was forty years ago , on indeed at any previous time .The problem is shared with the rest of western civilization , and beyond it . 犯罪的部分原因是物质条件差;犯罪当然在生活明显不满意的人中最普遍,没有固定住处者, 父母分居或离婚者,各种灾祸的受害者,其中,包括贫困和缺乏教育者.可是社会

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