2014年12月6级真题三套全（包括答案）

2014年12月6级第一套

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

Section A 1. A) At a grocery B) In a parking lot D) At a fast food restaurant C) In a car showroom 2. A) Have a little nap after lunch B) Get up and take a short walk C) Change her position now and then。 3. D) Stretch her legs before standing up A) The students should practice long-distance running. B) He doesn’t quite believe what the woman says. C) The students’ physical condition is not desirable. D) He thinks the race is too hard for the students. 4. A) They do not want to have a baby at present. B) They cannot afford to get married right now. C) They are both pursuing graduate studies. D) They will get their degrees in two years. 5. A) Twins usually have a lot in common. B) He must have been mistaken for Jack. C) Jack is certainly not as healthy as he is. D) He has not seen Jack for quite a few days. 6. A) The man will take the woman to the museum. B) The man knows where the museum is located. C) The woman is asking the way at the crossroads. D) The woman will attend the opening of the museum. 7. A) They cannot ask the guy to leave. B) The guy has been coming in for years. C) They should not look down upon the guy. D) The guy must be feeling extremely lonely. 8. A) Collect timepieces B) Learn to mend clocks C) Become time-conscious D) Keep track of his daily activities Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard 9. A) It winds its way to the sea. B) It is eating into its banks. C) It is quickly rising. 10. D) It is wide and deep A) Get the trucks over to the other side of the river. B) Take the equipment apart before being ferried. C) Reduce the transport cost as much as possible. D) Try to speed up the operation by any means. 11. A) Ask the commander to send a helicopter. B) Halt the operation until further orders. C) Cut trees and build rowing boats. D) Find as many boats as possible. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) Help him join an Indian expedition B) Talk about his climbing experiences C) Give up mountain climbing altogether D) Save money to buy climbing equipment 13. A) He was very strict with his children. B) He climbed mountains to earn a living. C) He had an unusual religious background. D) He was the first to conquer Mt. Qomolangma. 14. A) They are like humans. B) They are sacred places. C) They are to be protected. 15. D) They are to be conquered. A) It was his father’s training that pulled him through. B) It was a milestone in his mountain climbing career. C) It was his father who gave him the strength to succeed. D) It helped him understand the Sherpa view of mountains. Passage One Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) By reviewing what he has said previously. B) By comparing memorandums with letters. C) By showing a memorandum’s structure. D) By analyzing the organization of a letter. 17. A) They spent a lot of time writing memorandums. B) They seldom read a memorandum through to the end. C) They placed emphasis on the format of memorandums. D) They ignored many of the memorandums they received. 18. A) Style and wording. B) Structure and length. C) Directness and clarity. 19. D) Simplicity and accuracy. B) Professional look. A) Accurate dating. C) Direct statement of purpose. Passage Two D) Inclusion of appropriate humor. Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 20. A) They give top priority to their work efficiency. B) They make an effort to lighten their workload. C) They never change work habits unless forced to. D) They try hard to make the best use of their time. 21. 22. A) Self-confidence B) Sense of duty C) Work efficiency D) Passion for work A) They are addicted to playing online games. B) They try to avoid work whenever possible. C) They find no pleasure in the work they do. D) They simply have no sense of responsibility. Passage Three Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard。 23. A) He lost all his property. B) He was sold to a circus. C) He was forced into slavery. 24. 25. A) A carpenter D) He ran away from his family. C) A master of his D) A black drummer B) A businessman A) It named its town hall after Solomon Northup. B) It declared July 24 Solomon Northup Day. C) It freed all blacks in the town from slavery. D) It hosted a reunion for the Northup family. Section C Intolerance is the art of ignoring any views that differ from your own. It (26) ________ itself a hatred, stereotypes, prejudice, and (27) _________ . Once it intensifies in people, intolerance is nearly impossible to overcome. But why would anyone want to be labeled intolerant? Why would people want to be (28) ____________ about the world around them? Why would one want to be part of the problem in America, instead of the solution? There are many explanations for intolerant attitudes, some (29) ___________ childhood. It is likely that intolerant folks grew up (30) __________ intolerant parents and the cycle of prejudice has simply continued for (31) ____________. Perhaps intolerant people are so set in their ways that they find it easier to ignore anything that might not (32) ___________ their limited view of life. Or maybe intolerant students have simply never been (33) ___________ to anyone different from themselves. But none of these reasons is an excuse for allowing the intolerance to continue。 Intolerance should not be confused with disagreement. It is, of course, possible to disagree with an opinion without being intolerant of it. If you understand a belief but still don’t believe in that specific belief, that’s fine. You are (34) ____________ your opinion. As a matter of fact, (35) ____________ dissenters (持异议者) are important for any belief. If we all believed the same things, we would never grow, and we would never learn about the world around us. Intolerance does not stem from disagreement. It stems from fear. And fear stems from ignorance. Part III Reading comprehension Section A Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. His future subjects have not always treated the Prince of Wales with the respect one might expect. They laughed aloud in 1986 when the heir to the British (36) ________ told a TV reporter that he talked to his plants at his country house, Highgrove, to stimulate their growth. The Prince was being humorous—“My sense of humor will get me into trouble one day,”he said to the aides (随从)—but listening to Charles Windsor can indeed prove stimulating. The royal (37)________ that been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life, some of his (38) _________ which once sounded a hit weird were simply ahead of their time. Now, finally, the world seems to be catching up with him. Take his views on farming. Prince Charles’ Duchy Home Farm went (39) ___________ back to 1996.when most shoppers cared only about the low price tag on suspiciously blemish-free(无瑕疵的)Vegetables and (40) __________ large chickens piled high in supermarkets. His warnings on climate change proved farsighted; too Charles began (41) _________ action on global warming in 1990 and says he has been worried about the (42) ____________ of man on the environment since he was a teenager. Although he has gradually gained international (43) __________ as one of the a world’s leading conservationists, many British people still think of him as an (44) ____________ person who talks to plants This year, as it happens, South Korean scientists proved that plants really do (45) __________ to sound. So Charles was ahead of the game there, too. A. conform E. impact I. recognition M. throne Section B Should Single-Sex Education Be Eliminated? [A] Why is a neuroscientist here debating single-sex schooling? Honestly, I had no fixed ideas on the topic when I started researching it for my book, Pink Brain, Blue Brain. But any discussion of gender differences in children inevitably leads to this debate, so I felt compelled to dive into the research data on single-sex schooling. I read every study I could, weighed the existing evidence, and ultimately concluded that single-sex education is not the answer to gender gaps in achievement—or the best way forward for today’s young people. After my book was published, I met several developmental and cognitive psychologists whose work was addressing gender and education from different angles, and we published a peer-reviewed Education Forum piece in Science magazine with the provocative title, “The Pseudoscience of Single-Sex Education.” [B] We showed that three lines of research used to justify single-sex schooling—educational, neuroscience, and social psychology—all fail to support its alleged benefits, and so the widely-held view that gender separation is somehow better for boys, girls, or both is nothing more than a myth. The Research on Academic Outcomes B. eccentric F. notions J. respond N. unnaturally C. environmentalist G. organic D. expeditions H. originally L. suppressing K. subordinate O. urging [C] First, we reviewed the extensive educational research that has compared academic outcomes in students attending single-sex versus coeducational schools. The overwhelming conclusion when you put this enormous literature together is that there is no clear academic advantage of sitting in all-female or all-male classes, in spite of much popular belief to the contrary. I base this conclusion not on any individual study, but on large-scale and systematic reviews of thousands of studies conducted in every major English-speaking country. [D] Of course, there’re many excellent single-sex schools out there, but as these careful research reviews have demonstrated, it’s not their single-sex composition that makes them excellent. It’s all the other advantages that are typically packed into such schools, such as financial resources, quality of the faculty, and pro-academic culture, along with the family background and pre-selected ability of the students themselves that determine their outcomes. [E] A case in point is the study by Linda Sax at UCLA, who used data from a large national survey of college freshmen to evaluate the effect of single-sex versus coeducational high schools. Commissioned by the National Coalition of Girls’ Schools, the raw findings look pretty good for the funders —higher SAT scores and a stronger academic orientation among women who had attended all girls’ high schools (men weren’t studied). However, once the researchers controlled for both student and school attributes—measures such as family income, parents’ education, and school resources—most of these effects were erased or diminished. [F] When it comes to boys in particular, the data show that single-sex education is distinctly unhelpful for them. Among the minority of studies that have reported advantages of single-sex schooling, virtually all of them were studies of girls. There’re no rigorous studies in the United States that find single-sex schooling is better for boys, and in fact, a separate line of research by economists has shown both boys and girls exhibit greater cognitive growth over the school year based on the “dose” of girls in a classroom. In fact, boys benefit even more than girls from having larger numbers of female classmates. So single-sex schooling is really not the answer to the current “boy crisis” in education. Brain and Cognitive Development [G] The second line of research often used to justify single-sex education falls squarely within my area of expertise: brain and cognitive development. It’s been more than a decade now since the “brain sex movement ” began infiltrating (渗入) our schools, and there are literally hundreds of schools caught up in the fad (新潮). Public schools in Wisconsin, Indiana, Florida and many other states now proudly declare on their websites that they separate boys and girls because “research solidly indicates that boys and girls learn differently,” due to “hard-wired” differences in their brains, eyes, ears, autonomic nervous systems, and more. [H] All of these statements can be traced to just a few would-be neuroscientists, especially physician Leonard Sax and therapist Michael Gurian. Each gives lectures, runs conferences, and does a lot of professional development on so-called “gender-specific learning.” I analyzed their various claims about sex differences in hearing, vision, language, math, stress responses, and “learning styles” in my book and along peer-reviewed paper. Other neuroscientists and psychologists have similarly exposed their work. In short, the mechanisms by which our brains learn language, math, physics, and every other subject don’t differ between boys and girls. Of course, learning does vary a lot between individual students, but research reliably shows that this variance is far greater within populations of boys or girls than between the two sexes. [I] The equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution prohibits separation of students by sex in public education that’s based on precisely this kind of “overbroad generalizations about the different talents, capacities, or preferences of males and females.” And the reason it is prohibited is because it leads far too easily to stereotyping and sex discrimination. Social Developmental Psychology [J] That brings me to the third area of research which fails to support single-sex schooling and indeed suggests the practice is actually harmful: social-developmental psychology. [K] It’s a well-proven finding in social psychology that segregation promotes stereotyping and prejudice, whereas intergroup contact reduces them—and the results are the same whether you divide groups by race, age, gender, body mass index, sexual orientation, or any other category. What’s more, children are especially vulnerable to this kind of bias, because they are dependent on adults for learning which social categories are important and why we divide people into different groups. [L] You don’t have to look far to find evidence of stereotyping and sex discrimination in single-sex schools. There was the failed single-sex experiment in California, where six school districts used generous state grants to set up separate boys’ and girls’ academies in the late 1990s. Once boys and girls were segregated, teachers resorted to traditional gender stereotypes to run their classes, and within just three years, five of the six districts had gone back to coeducation. [M] At the same time, researchers are increasingly discovering benefits of gender interaction in youth. A large British study found that children with other-sex older siblings(兄弟姐妹) exhibit less stereotypical play than children with same-sex older siblings, such as girls who like sports and building toys and boys who like art and dramatic play. Another study of high school social networks found less bullying and aggression the higher the density of mixed-sex friendships within a given adolescent network. Then there is the finding we cited in our Science paper of higher divorce and depression rates among a large group of British men who attended single-sex schools as teenagers, which might be explained by the lack of opportunity to learn about relationships during their formative years. [N] Whether in nursery school, high school, or the business world, gender segregation narrows our perceptions of each other, facilitating stereotyping and sexist attitudes. It’s very simple: the more we structure children and adolescents’ environment around gender distinctions and separation, the more they will use these categories as the primary basis for understanding themselves and others. [O] Gender is an important issue in education. There are gaps in reading, writing, and science achievement that should be narrower. There are gaps in career choice that should be narrower—if we really want to maximize human potential and American economic growth. But stereotyping boys and girls and separating them in the name of fictitious(虚构的) brain differences is never going to close these gaps. 46. Hundreds of schools separate boys from girls in class on the alleged brain and cognitive differences. 47. A review of extensive educational research shows no obvious academic advantage of single-sex schooling. 48. The author did not have any fixed ideas on single-sex education when she began her research on the subject 49. Research found men who attended single-sex schools in their teens were more likely to suffer from depression. 50. Studies in social psychology have shown segregation in school education has a negative impact on children. 51. Reviews of research indicate there are more differences in brain and cognitive development within the same sex than between different sexes. 52. The findings of the national survey of college freshmen about the impact of single-sex schooling fail to take into account student and school attributes. 53. It wasn’t long before most of the school districts that experimented with single-sex education abandoned the practice. 54. Boys from coeducational classes demonstrate greater cognitive abilities according to the economists’ research. 55. As careful research reviews show, academic excellence in some single-sex schools is attributed to other factors than single-sex education. Section C International governments’ inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying but the proactive(主动出击的) approaches of some leading-edge companies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M&S and General Electric have made tackling environmental wastes a key economic driver. DuPont committed itself to a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the 10 years prior to 2010. By 2007, DuPont was saving $2.2 billion a year through energy efficiency, the same as its total declared profits that year. General Electric aims to reduce the energy intensity of its operations by 50% by 2015. They have invested heavily in projects designed to change the way of using and conserving energy. Companies like Toyota and Wal-Mart are not committing to environmental goals out of the goodness of their hearts. The reason for their actions is a simple yet powerful realization that the environmental and economic footprints fit well together. When M&S launched its “Plan A” sustainability program in 2007, it was believed that it would cost over ￡200 million in the first five years. However, the initiative had generated ￡105 million by 2011/12. When we prevent physical waste, increase energy efficiency or improve resource productivity, we save money, improve profitability and enhance competitiveness. In fact, there are often huge “quick win” opportunities, thanks to years of neglect. However, there is a considerable gap between leading-edge companies and the rest of the pack. There are far too many companies still delaying creating a lean and green business system, arguing that it will cost money or require sizable capital investments. They remain stuck in the “environment is cost” mentality. Being environmentally friendly does not have to cost money. In fact, going beyond compliance saves cost at the same time that it generates cash, provided that management adopts the new lean and green model. Lean means doing more with less. Nonetheless, in most companies, economic and environmental continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of the biggest opportunities missed across most industries. The size of the opportunity is enormous. The 3% Report recently published by World Wildlife Fund and CDP shows that the economic prize for curbing carbon emissions in the US economy is $780 billion between now and 2020. It suggests that one of the biggest levers for delivering this opportunity is “increased efficiency through management and behavioral change” —in other words, lean and green management. Some 50 studies show that companies that commit to such aspirational goals as zero waste, zero harmful emissions, and zero use of non-renewable resources are financially outperforming their competitors. Conversely, it was found that climate disruption is already costing $1.2 trillion annually, cutting global GDP by 1.6%. Unaddressed, this will double by 2030. 56. What does the author say about some leading-edge companies? A. They operate in accordance with government policies. B. They take initiatives in handling environmental wastes. C. They are key drivers in their nations’ economic growth. D. They are major contributors to environmental problems. 57. What motivates Toyota and Wal-Mart to make commitments to environmental protection? A. The goodness of their hearts. C. The desire to generate profits. B. A strong sense of responsibility. D. Pressure from environmentalists. 58. Why are so many companies reluctant to create an environment-friendly business system? A. They are bent on making quick money. B. They do not have the capital for the investment.

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