四级语法细说虚拟语气

专业四级语法考点细说

I. 虚拟语气

1. if 条件句当中，主从句都使用相应的虚拟形式。当if被省略时，从句当中的虚拟形式

had, were, should 要提到从句的主语前面， 构成倒装。 例：

? Were I you, I would take an umbrella with me. ? Should I have time, I would call her.

? Had the damage been worse, the insurance company would have paid more. 2. 主从句的时间背景不一样。或者所表示的是与过去事实相反的假设。 例：

? If I had hurried, I would be on the train now. ? We would have dropped by if we had had time.

? I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told. 3. It is (high, about, the) time that…….“早该做某事而已经有些晚了” 例：

? It’s high time that we finished all the tasks.

? It’s the time the children learned how to behave properly.

4. if 引导让步状语从句，从句当中可以用虚拟语气。“即使，就算”。还有表示让步的一些

表达法much as “尽管，虽然”，granted that “即使” 例：

? We won’t change out plan if the rumor be true.

? Much as I would have liked to, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply

didn’t have that much spare cash.

? Granted that you had been drunk, there is no excuse for you to do that. 5. 与将来相反的虚拟的三种形式。 例：

? If it were to snow tomorrow, I should/would stay at home. （下雪的可能性较小） ? If it snowed snow tomorrow, I should/would stay at home. （最常用的） ? If it should snow tomorrow, I should/would stay at home. （下雪的可能性较大） 6. should 加动词原形，should 可以省略的用法。

1) 与以下动词有关的 ask , advise, argue, beg, command. Consent, demand,

desire, determine, decide, deserve, expect, insist, intend, maintain, move, order prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, resolve, suggest, urge, vote. A) 宾语从句

B) 部分上述动词的名词形式的同位语从句,表语从句 （另necessity, pray,

preference, plan, idea）

C) 主语从句（另 It is arranged that……）

例：

? In the past, men generally preferred that their wives work in the

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home.

? This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part

of their school life.

? His suggestion was that we (should) take notes while listening to the

lecture.

? It was arranged that they (should) leave the following week.

2) 形容词的关系从句。 Advisable, adamant（坚定不移的）, appropriate, better,

desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, incredible, been, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, strange, urgent, vital.

例：

? It is desirable that the agreement be signed before May. (主语从句)

? I don’t think it advisable that he (should) be assigned to the job since he has no

experience at all. （真正宾语从句）

3) It is a pity/shame/no wonder/one’s wish + that 句型。表示主观结果。

例：

? It is a great pity that he should be so conceited 他那么狂妄，真是可悲。

4) Lest, in case, for fear that “以免” 这些词引导的目的状语从句。

例：

? You should not go out alone in the dark lest you should be killed. ? Take your umbrella in case it should rain.

7. 由表示假设的连词、介词所构成的短语或从句做状语， 主句或从句用

should/would/could/might +v. 或should/ would/could/ might +have done. 这些词有： but for , but that, on condition that, supposing, provided, providing, unless, without, whether. 例：

? But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.

? The juvenile offender was released form custody on condition that he should find a

job immediately.

? Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go? ? Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerving support. 8. as though /as if 表示假设。 例：

? Alan talks as if he knew everything. (当时的假设)

? He spoke as though nothing had happened. （过去的假设）

? Some days go by much more quickly than others, some hours seem as if they would

never end. （将来的假设）

9. wish, if only, had hoped (本来希望) , would rather, had rather, would sooner, would as

soon 等之后的从句用过去式,过去完成时或would加动词原形。 例：

? I wish that I had more money.

? Bob wishes that he had bought that house last spring.

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? If he only knew how we miss him.

? His father had hoped that he would go into business. ? I’d rather you didn’t do anything about it for the time being., ? I’d sooner they didn’t deliver the new furniture tomorrow.

II. 从句

1. than引导的方式状语从句的省略。 例：

? Don’t eat more than is good for you.

? No leader of a party has kept himself in greater detachment form the sentiment of

his than has the late Prime Minister. ? She eats less than a bird. ? I love him more than her. ? The box is bigger than I wanted.

? There was nothing he desired more than to see the matter end. ? He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive. 2. as 引导的方式状语从句的几种情况。

1） “以…的方式，如同……那样” 2） “像…….一样”

3） as……as…… “……而……”

例：

? They hunted him as a tiger stalks his prey. 他们象老虎追踪猎物一样去搜捕他. ? He is as brave as wise. = He is as brave as he is wise.

? He was as experienced as his brother was green. 他经验丰富而他的兄弟却涉世未

深.

3. as 的几种搭配词组

1） as much as “达到与……一样的程度”

2） not…so much as/not so much ….as “与其说是….倒不如说是” 3） not so much as “甚至连……都不”

例：

? Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner as much as to the

professor.

? He is not a politician so much as a common rogue.与其说他是一个政客,倒不如说

他是一个普通的流氓.

? She can not so much as write her own name. 她甚至连自己的名字都不会写. 4. 句型A is to B what C is to D “A之于B就像C之于D” 例：

? Water is to fish what air is to man. ? Twelve is to three what four is to one. 5. 句型 not……any more than “…和…同样都不…” no more /less than “ 只不过/不亚于”

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not more /less than “ 不比…..强/弱” 例：

? I don’t like smoking any more than you do.

? Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.

? I have no more than five yuan in my pocket./ He is no less determined than you..他

的决心决不亚于你.

? He is not less determined than you. 他的决心不比你小 6. unless(if not )/ if/ in case / otherwise (or else)句型 例：

? Don’t call me unless you need help. ? Don’t call me if you need help.

? I’ll come tomorrow in case Ann wants me. ? I’ll come tomorrow if Ann wants me.

? He must give us more time, otherwise we shall not be able to make a good job of it. 7. as /though /much as 表示让步的关系. 例：

? Fail as he did, he would never give up. (句子必须倒装, 名词前不加定冠词或不定

冠词)

? Though everyone desert you, I will not. (though 可以表示假设,此时不可以和

although替换)

? Much as I like economics, I like sociology much better.

注: much as 在句中出现,那么考点应该是虚拟语气,如果其在选项中出现,那么应该是考察这个词组的让步含义.

8. while引导让步状语从句,之于主句前, 表示并列转折. 例：

? While I had met Roosevelt at large diplomatic receptions in Washington, my

contact had been limited to a brief handshake and an exchange of a few words.

注: 原句如果是让步关系, 选项中没有明显的让步副词,而 while 出现在选项之中,那非他莫属.

9. 引导时间状语从句的副词有: when(as), while (as ), when (and at that time), ever sine, (不

能放在句首)till/until, before, after, no sooner…than…/ hardly…when…/ scarcely…when(倒装), as soon as, the moment/the instant/the second/the minute, immediately/ instantly/directly, every time, any time, next time, the first time, the last time, the day/ week/morning/month….. 例：

? She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.

? No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him. ? Until they had finished the work, they did not go home. ? She stood there till /until he had passed out of sight

? I was walking along the road when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder

form behind.

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10. 定语从句中先行词是all, much, few , little, some, any, none, anything, something,

nothing, everything, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 时，关系代词不能用which， 而只能用that， 如果表示人则用who/whom. 例：

? That’s all that is possible right now.

? Please send us any information (that) you have about the subject. ? Is there anyone her who can speak English?

? He saw the manager talking with somebody (whom) he didn’t know.

11. 定语从句中先行词被firs, last, only, very, no等表示唯一的词修饰时，关系代词只能用

that. 例：

? He is the only person that was present at the time. ? No sample (that) we have received is satisfactory. 12. which 引导的定语从句。

1） 先行词是集体名词 2） 需要与介词搭配

3） 非限制性定语从句（which即可以修饰整个主句，又可以修饰主句的一部分）

例：

? The basketball team, which is playing very well, will come out first.

? I ran across many words, the meanings of which I did not know /of which I did not

know the meanings.

? This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.

? Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.

? Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly

recognize her at first sight. The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in the 1930’s.

? The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.

? He may have acute appendicitis(阑尾炎/盲肠炎), in which case he will have to be

operated on.

13. as同such, the same 和as(so)搭配使用，引导限定性定语从句。 例：

? Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.

? The town is about the same distance form Nanjing as Yangzhou is. 14. as 和which 的几点区别：

1） as 引导的从句位置灵活，而which 引导的从句只能放在主句后面。 2） as 后如果是被动语态，be动词可省。而which不可以

3） as 在从句中作主语，谓语动词一般都是系动词。而which不限。

4） 习惯表达: as we/you know, as often happens, as may be imagined, as is well

known, as is often the case, as is usual with sb. as is the custom with, as is natural, as is reported, as is shown in, as is hoped, as is supposed, as is anticipated, as has been said before, as has been pointed out,

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