8A Unit3 第4课时 Grammar

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第4课时 Grammar

预习目标

1.通过预习,了解and,but和or的用法。

2.了解动词不定式的用法。

3.了解反身代词的用法。

预学热身

◆预习课文前,请初步了解本课时的词汇并完成以下练习(英汉互译)。

1. rock n. ______ 2.itself pron. ______

3. sunset n. ______ 4.lucky adj. ______

5. ______ adv.幸好,幸运的是 6. ______ pron.他们自己

7. ________ adj.可能的 8. _____vt.对 感到疑惑;想知道n.奇迹

9. ________ n.登山者 10. hide-and-seek ________

11. the Yellow Mountain ________ 12. at Christmas________

13. the busy traffic________

◆自主探究

1.你能说出and,but和or作连词时各自用来连接什么吗?

2.动词不定式的基本形式是什么?

3. Why does Linda want to sit at the front of the bus?

教材导读

1.知识点:and,but和or的用法

[指点迷津] 常用的并列连词有and,but和or。

(1) and表示并列关系,用来连接内容相似的两个分句。

It's 10 p.m. and you should go to sleep.晚上10点了,你应该去睡觉了。

(2) but表示转折关系,用来连接存在转折关系的两个分句。

She sings well but she is not good at dancing.她歌唱得好,但是不擅长跳舞。

(3) or表示选择关系,用来连接存在选择关系或可能性的两个分句。

You can go to the park or (you can) stay at home.你可以去公园或者(你可以)呆在家里。 You must get up now,or you'll be late.你必须现在起床,否则就迟到了。

◆so也可作并列连词,表示因果关系,用来连接存在因果关系的两个分句。

He got up too late this morning so he missed the early bus.

今天早晨他起得太迟,所以错过了早班车。

[提醒] 当前后两个分句的主语和谓语相同时,后一个分句的主语和谓语通常省略。 The bridge is huge and (the bridge is) beautiful.这座大桥很大并且很漂亮。

( )①Mum, my classmates are waiting outside ________ I must go now.

A. or B. but C. so D. because

( )②The little boy is very young ________ he can look after himself well.

A. so B. or C. but D. if

( )③ He is tall ________ strong.

A. so B. or C. but D. and

( )④ Don't eat too much meat, ________ you'll be fat.

A. so B. or C. but D. if

2.知识点:动词不定式的用法

[指点迷津] 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以省略to。动词不定式保留动词的特点,可以有宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。动词不定式(短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中可以作除谓语之外的任何成分。否定形式直接在to前面加not。动词不定式常跟在agree,choose,decide,hope, learn,plan,prepare,want等动词后面作宾语。

我们同意邀请他参加我们的聚会。

[拓展]动词不定式还可作下列成分:

A.作主语。动词不定式作主语时,常常用it作形式主语而将动词不定式(短语)放在后面。

在像东京这样的大城市里容易迷路。

B.作表语。

这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。

C.作宾语补足语。

谁教你弹这支曲子的?

D.作定语。动词不定式作定语时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。

In my dreams,我在梦里总是做一些艰难的工作。 E.作状语。

a.表示目的。

我母亲要来我学校看我。

b.表示结果,动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。

这个箱子太重了搬不动。

F.和特殊疑问词who,what,when,where,which,how等构成不定式短语作宾语。 我不知道怎样使用电脑。

你能告诉我什么时候出发吗?

用所给单词的适当形式填空

①Let's put our photos on the home page for everyone ________ (look) at.

②There are so many toys in the shop. He doesn't know which ________ (choose).

③They invited me ________ (go) to their party last Sunday.

3.Reflexive pronouns反身代词

知识点:反身代词的用法

[指点迷津]反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是:通过反身代词 代主语,在形式上把动作反射到施动者自己身上。因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质和数上必须保持一致。

In 1955, Walt Disney himself opened the first Disney Park.

1955年,沃尔特·迪斯尼亲自创办了第一座迪斯尼公园。

(himself与Walt Disney在人称、性质和数上保持一致)

◆反身代词的构成:

A.第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或selves构成的。

I--myself we-ourselves you(单数)--- yourself you(复数)--- yourselves

B.第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或selves构成的。

she---herself he---himself it----itself they-themselves one---oneself

今反身代词的用法:

a.作宾语,当主语和宾语是同一个人时,宾语要用反身代词。

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night,我们昨晚玩得很开心。

Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。

He teaches himself English.他自学英语。

[提醒]反身代词和人称代词作宾语时具有不同的含义。

He saw himself in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他自己。(himself和he是同一个人) He saw him in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他。(him是指另外一个人)

b.作表语,此时的表语指的就是主语。

I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。

The boy in the picture is himself.照片上的男孩就是他自己。

c.作同位语。

The thing itself is not important.这件事情本身并不重要。

The story itself is not interesting.这个故事本身并不有趣。

[小试身手]用所给单词的适当形式填空

①You'd better ask your brother ________ (he).

②I can't do it ________ (I)without your help.

③Help ________ (you) to some chicken, Lucy and Lily!

热身练习

A.根据首字母或中文提示写出单词。

1. It's not________(可能)to finish the work in an hour.

2.Skiing in Heilongjiang is great ________(乐趣).

3. Eight is a________(幸运)number in some places.

4. I ________(想知道)who is asking this question.

B.用所给单词的适当形式填空。(每小题5分,共25分)

1. We can go horse ________ (ride) in Inner Mongolia.

2. Did they enjoy ________ (they) in the park yesterday?

3. I hope ________ (watch) the football game.

4. Thank you for________ (agree) to let me go on the trip.

5. Do you ________ (real) like the book?

C.选择填空。

( )1.--- I'm afraid I'll fail in this exam.

--- Come on. Philip. You must believe in ________.That's the secret of success.

A. yourself B. himself C. herself D. myself

( )2. Millie gave ________ a baby cat yesterday that hurt ________ when it fell from

the tree.

A. me; it B myself; itself C. me; itself D. myself; it

( )3. My grandfather is very old, ________ he never stops learning.

A. than B. though C. but D. unless

( )4. --- Betty, help ________ to some soup.

--- Thanks a lot.

A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours

( ) 5. His name is James but he calls ________ Jim.

A. he B. him C. his D. himself

D.根据所给提示完成句子。

1.外面在下着南,但是一点儿也不冷。

It ________ ________ out side ________ it is ________ ________ at all.

2.你能照顾好你自己吗?

Can you ________ ________ ________ ________?

3.我正准备下个星期天去钓鱼。

I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ next Sunday.

4.那个登山者正在攀岩。

The ________ is pulling ________ ________ the rock.

参考答案

预学热身

◆1.岩石 2.它自己 3.日落;傍晚 4.幸运的 5.luckily 6.themselves 7.possible

8.wonder 9.climber 10.捉迷藏 11.黄山 12.在圣诞节;在圣诞期间

13.繁忙的交通

◆1.and连接相似的想法,but连接不同的想法,or连接可能发生的或者可选择的事情。

2.to+动词原形。

3.Because she hopes to watch the sunset.

教材导读

1.①C ②C ③D ④B 2.①to look ②to choose ③to go

3.①himself ②myself ③yourselves

热身练习

A.1.possible 2.fun 3.lucky 4.wonder 5.sunset

B 1.riding 2.themselves 3.to watch 4.agreeing 5.really

C.1~5.A C C C D

D.1.is raining; but; not cold 2.look after yourself well

3.am preparing to go fishing 4.climber; himself up

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