magoosh记录(151-200)

151、Many are quick to contend—albeit falsely—that the personal essay, given the few slim

anthologies released last year, is a(n) ____________ genre: historically, the form has always played second fiddle to the more brash acts, such as the novel or long-form journalism.

eminent

und

fleeting

limitedprovocative

morib

Text Explanation

Answer: (C)

The author of the sentence does not agree that the blank accurately describes the essay genre. The reason is provided after the blank: the essay has never been that popular, so the slim volume does not tell us anything about the essay we didn?t already know. This is a difficult sentence and it makes sense to plug in the answer choices if you are struggling to come up with a word.

(A) means respected. It doesn‘t make sense that the ―many‖ would think the personal essay is an eminent genre based on the fact that there aren‘t that many such essays.

(B) isn‘t the answer because what ―many‖ and the author thinks have to match up. ―Limited‖ could describe what the ―many‖ think, but it does not explain the second part of the sentence. (C) means in the process of dying or fading away. This word matches up with what the

―many‖ think (the ―slim anthologies‖); it also matches up with the second part of the sentence. That is, it is wrong for many to believe that the essay is a dying genre, because the essay has always not been that popular of a genre.

(D) is tempting. The latter part of the sentence, in which it mentions ―historically‖ shows that the essay has been around for a long time, so the author would disagree that it is fleeting.

However, the last part of the sentence (―played second fiddle‖) doesn‘t match up with fleeting. Had fleeting been the answer, the author would more likely say the essay has been around a long time. Period. Instead, there is more to the clue.

(E) means causing a strong reaction. The context does not support this.

152、In regards to the polarity of the nation‘s political biases, the media peddles the same tired

____________ , hoping that the repetition of a conventional idea will lead people to passively accept it.

auguries

opes

anodynes

epiphanies

deceptions

tr

Text Explanation

Answer: (C) ?

…the repetition of a conventional idea? matches up with the blank.?

(A) auguries are omens

(B) epiphanies are sudden revelations

(C) tropes are conventional ideas—themes that have been repeated many times (there are other definitions, but this is what's meant in the sentence given) (D) anodynes soothe

(E) deceptions does not fit the context

153、The problem with treating the five-paragraph essay form as a relatively benign aid to clarity

is that like any habit it is very hard to break. Students who can not break the habit remain

handicapped because five-paragraph form runs counter to virtually all of the values and attitudes that they need in order to grow as writers and thinkers—such as respect for complexity, tolerance of uncertainty, and the willingness to test and complicate rather than just assert ideas. The form actually discourages thinking by conditioning writers to be afraid of looking closely at evidence. If they look too closely, they might find something that does not fit, at which point the prefabricated organizational scheme falls apart. But it is precisely the something-that-doesn‘t-seem-to-fit, the thing writers call a ―complication‖ that triggers good ideas. In the context in which it appears ―conditioning‖ most nearly means

preparingalerting

aining

updatingtrusting

tr

Text Explanation

Answer: (E)

(E) works best in context because training suggests that a habit is being formed. (A), on the other hand, means getting ready, which does not work in context.

154、The problem with treating the five-paragraph essay form as a relatively benign aid to clarity

is that like any habit it is very hard to break. Students who can not break the habit remain

handicapped because five-paragraph form runs counter to virtually all of the values and attitudes that they need in order to grow as writers and thinkers—such as respect for complexity, tolerance

of uncertainty, and the willingness to test and complicate rather than just assert ideas. The form actually discourages thinking by conditioning writers to be afraid of looking closely at evidence. If they look too closely, they might find something that does not fit, at which point the prefabricated organizational scheme falls apart. But it is precisely the something-that-doesn‘t-seem-to-fit, the thing writers call a ―complication‖ that triggers good ideas.

The author objects to the five-paragraph essay as a means of instilling certain positive writing habits on the grounds that it does which of the following?

It limits a student?s ability to engage in sustained

inquiry.

able to tolerate ambiguity.

It enforces certain modes of writing that are not

It fails to provide a coherent

structure in which students can clearly state their ideas.

Text Explanation

Answers: (A) and (B)

(A) is supported by \

(B) is supported by %uncertainty.\

(C) is incorrect because the passage says the five-paragraph essay is based on a prefabricated form.

155、Mulcahy, in averring that most literary criticism has become so filled with abstruse jargon

as to be practically indecipherable to anyone save its practitioners, is himself (i) ___________: his main point will be discernible only to the very community he seeks to (ii) ___________.

Blank (i)

uncertain

lightened

Blank (ii)

defend

impugn

inform

complicit

en

Text Explanation

Answers: (B), (E)

The word (B) complicit means guilty. Mulcahy is guilty of using too many big words in trying to tell us that literary criticism uses too many big words. Of

course, the only ones who will be able to understand all these big words are the literary critics themselves—the very group Mulcahy seeks to criticize, or (E) impugn. More specifically, (E) means to call into question.

156、The professor repelled many students with his ____________ asides, often droning on

about some trivial academic point.

subtle

c

contemptuous

alluring

edifying

pedanti

Text Explanation

Answer: (C)

The keywords, ?droning on…trivial point?, define the blank. Thus we need word that is synonymous with the keywords

(A) subtle does not match the context (B) alluring means enticing/tempting

(C) pedantic means likely to focus on trivial academic points

(D) contemptuous means disdainful, or looking down upon others in a hateful way. This word is too negative for the blank (E) edifying means instructing in a positive way

157、Linguist: Each language has a word that captures a concept or emotional state in a way that

no other language does. To capture such a breadth of expression, an artificial language should be created that contains words corresponding to all the different concepts and emotional states

captured by the world‘s languages. That is not to say that such a language would contain as many words as there are in all the world‘s languages. Rather, only for those words that have no corresponding word in another language. While such a plan is hugely ambitious, the resulting language would be more thorough than any existing language.

The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following assumptions?

Extinct languages do not offer up words that capture

concepts and emotional states in ways that fundamentally differ from those of existing languages.

Many languages have words that

Each year

virtually overlap in the meaning they convey.

hundreds of the world?s languages go extinct, once there are no longer any native speakers remaining.

learn all of the world?s existing languages.

It is possible for one person to

The range of

concepts and emotional states is the only indication of a language?s thoroughness.

Text Explanation

Answer: (E)

The conclusion assumes that thoroughness, as it relates towards a language, can be defined as encompassing “the range of concepts and emotional states...” That is, there is nothing else that accounts for a language?s thoroughness. This leads us to (E).

(A) contrasts existing and extinct languages. Not relevant.

(B) does not relate to the discussion. On the surface, it looks like it may weaken the point but it does not do so. Even if it did, we are dealing with an assumption. (C) is a general fact that is irrelevant.

(D) sounds like it weakens the argument, if anything.

158、Fenton‘s motives were clearly ____________ , yet Fenton tried, in the most ingratiating

way, to ____________ his innocence.

Blank (i)

aboveboard

Blank (ii)

maintain

dismiss

hide

base

overt

Text Explanation

Answers: (B), (D)

The word ?ingratiating? implies that Fenton is trying to win others over. From this behavior, we can conclude that his motives were some negative word. ?Base? means despicable and works well. Therefore, he would want to assert or (D) maintain his innocence.

159、There is a rising consensus amongst immunologists that the observed rise in allergies in the

general population can be attributed to (i) ____________ exposure to everyday germs. Known as the hygiene hypothesis, this counterintuitive idea could have far reaching implications—for one, we may now have to be more (ii)____________ those paternal prescriptions to scrub our children‘s hands at every opportunity.

Blank (i)

frequent

ghtened

Blank (ii)

wary of

of

indifferent to

cognizant decreased

hei

Text Explanation

Answers: (B), (D)

The “counterintuitive idea” indicates that the first blank is the opposite of what we would expect: a rise in allergies has resulted from a decreased exposure to germs (we would think that an increase, not a decrease, in germs leads to something bad). Therefore, when it comes to getting rid of germs (“scrub our children?s hands”), we have to be more on guard (D) wary of. To say that you are more aware of something doesn?t imply that you are more or less likely to do it. Therefore, (E) is wrong.

160、The gallery hinted at the curator‘s affinity for ______________ works: despite an

overarching theme to the exhibit, the pieces ranged from Incan pottery to African tribal masks.

obscure

itable

eclectic

revitalized

forgotten

ver

Text Explanation

Answer: (D)

On the surface, this question seems like a shift. After all, the word 'despite' follows the blank. But the last clause, \opposition to the blank—in fact, the colon tells us that something in the latter half of the sentence must elaborate on a thought expressed before the colon. So as long as we find a word that captures, \

blank. (D), which means drawn from a variety of sources, best captures this meaning.

161、The gossip columnist‘s ____________ was ____________ the number of her published

columns – the more articles she wrote, the more untruths she spread.

Blank (i)

calumny

Blank (ii)

commensurate with

to

unconnected to

inverse

ardor

flattery

Text Explanation

Answers: (A), (D)

?The more untruths…? matches up with (A) calumny, or slander. (D)

commensurate describes the relationship between two things, in which when one increases the other increases, or when one decreases the other decreases. 'In proportion to' is another way of saying ?commensurate with.

162、The Barcelona based outfit, Ojos de Brujos, combines elements of East Indian tabla music,

American hip-hop, and classical Flamenco, producing a unique ____________ of sound.

cadence

gam

infusion

subtlety

dynamo

amal

Text Explanation

Answer: (C)

?…combines elements…? indicates that the blank is a word mean a combination of diverse elements

(A)cadence relates the resolution of a melody (B)subtlety does not fit context

(C)an amalgam is a mixture of different elements

(D)infusion simply means filled with a particular quality (E)dynamo describes something generating great energy

163、Vascoux, in not exclusively ______________ the tenets of modern jazz, imbues his trumpet

playing with a pathos reminiscent of the Romantic composers.

catering

to

undermininghewing to

debunkingvalidating

Text Explanation

Answer: (D)

Vascoux not only sticks to modern jazz but injects (\sentiment similar to other music (\to and works best in the blank.

(A) is tempting, but it does not work stylistically. One caters to a person or aspects of that person, e.g. whims.

(B) and (C) create a meaning opposite of the intended meaning. (E) does not work in context.

164、Just as consummate chess players must hold in their minds the positions of each piece on

the board, and know too the ramifications of each move, so must skilled politicians have an

awareness of the choices at their ____________ and the ability to anticipate the ____________ of their actions.

Blank (i)

perusal

nsation

Blank (ii)

renown

direction

consequencesdisposal

dispe

Text Explanation

Answers: (B), (E)

?Just as…so to? shows a similarity between chess players and politicians. ?Hold in their minds…? matches the first blank. At one?s disposal means available for one?s use. The second blank matches with ?ramifications.? Therefore (E) consequences.

165、Originally, scientists predicted small asteroids to be hard and rocky, as any loose surface

material (called regolith) generated by impacts was expected to escape their weak gravity.

Aggregate small bodies were not thought to exist, because the slightest sustained relative motion would cause them to separate. But observations and computer modeling are proving otherwise. Most asteroids larger than a kilometer are now believed to be composites of smaller pieces. Those imaged at high-resolution show evidence for copious regolith despite the weak gravity. Most of them have one or more extraordinarily large craters, some of which are wider than the mean radius of the whole body. Such colossal impacts would not just gouge out a crater—they would break any monolithic body into pieces. In short, asteroids larger than a kilometer across may look like nuggets of hard rock but are more likely to be aggregate assemblages—or even piles of loose rubble so pervasively fragmented that no solid bedrock is left.

The rubble hypothesis, proposed decades ago by scientists, lacked evidence, until the planetologist Shoemaker realized that the huge craters on the asteroid Mathilde and its very low density could only make sense together: a porous body such as a rubble pile can withstand a battering much better than an integral object. It will absorb and dissipate a large fraction of the energy of an impact; the far side might hardly feel a thing. At first, the rubble hypothesis may appear

conceptually troublesome. The material strength of an asteroid is nearly zero, and the gravity is so low one is tempted to neglect that too. The truth is neither strength nor gravity can be ignored. Paltry though it may be, gravity binds a rubble pile together. And anybody who builds sandcastles knows that even loose debris can cohere. Oft-ignored details of motion begin to matter: sliding friction, chemical bonding, damping of kinetic energy, etc. We are just beginning to fathom the subtle interplay of these minuscule forces.

The size of an asteroid should determine which force dominates. One indication is the observed pattern of asteroidal rotation rates. Some collisions cause an asteroid to spin faster; others slow it down. If asteroids are monolithic rocks undergoing random collisions, a graph of their rotation rates should show a bell-shaped distribution with a statistical ―tail‖ of very fast rotators. If nearly all asteroids are rubble piles, however, this tail would be missing, because any rubble pile spinning faster than once every two or three hours would fly apart. Recently, several astronomers

discovered that all but five observed asteroids obey a strict rotation limit. The exceptions are all smaller than about 150 meters in diameter, with an abrupt cutoff for asteroids larger than 200 meters. The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are rubble

piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions. A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits, but those bits will usually be moving slower than their mutual escape velocity (the lowest velocity that a body must have in order to escape the orbit of a planet). Over several hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest pieces into a rubble pile.

The example of the sandcastle (in the second paragraph) serves to

invalidate Shoemaker?s initial

observationphenomenon

of the universe do not obtainrubble-pile hypothesishas little effect

offer an alternative hypothesis for an observed describe a condition in which the typical laws

provide support for the

present as instance in which gravity

Text Explanation

Answer: (D)

The author is explaining how a rubble pile is able to stick together, despite using only weak forces. A sandcastle is then used as an analogy. Therefore (D) is the answer.

(A) is wrong because the sandcastle analogy is backing up Shoemaker?s initial observation.

(C) is not the answer because the passage does not say that there is anything atypical about the physics behind a sandcastle.

Though the passage mentions that the effect of gravity is small, the analogy of the sandcastle is not used as an example in which the effect of gravity is weak.

166、Cryptozoology is predicated on a notion that is every bit as ___________ as the very quarry

it aims to study: one cannot disprove the existence of that which does not exist.

mysterious

cautious

elusive

irrefutable

fundamental

Text Explanation

Answer: (D)

The concept here is there exists a field that tries to prove the existence of something that does not exist. Just as difficult as trying to catch an animal (notice the 'zoology' in cryptozoology) difficult feat. 'Elusive' works well. It means hard to pin down, something that is always beyond one's grasp.

(A) superficially makes sense. Yet it is too vague.

(B) is a very tempting answer. That said, you can refute the existence of an animal, but you can't refute the animal itself (\aims....\

167、Whereas the incumbent‘s opponents feverishly worked around the clock, digging up

seemingly irrelevant information only to contort a(n) (i) _________ incident so that it appeared unequivocally damning, the incumbent himself resorted to no such (ii) _________ and preferred instead to calumniate his opponents during highly publicized debates.

Blank (i)

benign

isgraceful

Blank (ii)

desperate subterfugesubtle promotion

concealed outpouring

unambiguous

d

Text Explanation

Answers: (A), (D)

The first blank has to be a positive word since they are distorting (or contorting) something so that it looks bad (\clear, and is too neutral in tone. If you take a \difficult to make it seem anything but clear (\somewhat better).

For the second blank, we need a phrase to describe the \feverishly around the clock\\incumbent look bad), fits the context nicely.

(E) is tempting because the word \

context. \some feeling, and does not have a negative connotation.

(F) is also incorrect. The opponents aren't promoting the incumbent but are maligning him in a particularly dishonest fashion.

168、To the senior manager, unsolicited opinions, even if the views expressed did not necessarily

(i) ______________ his own views, were (ii)______________ ; thus, employees had learned to be (iii)______________ lest they no longer found themselves in his good graces.

Blank (i)

gel

with

countermand

Blank (ii)

overt

ome

Blank (iii)

reticent

usive

sycophantic

el

nettlesome

welc

clash with

Text Explanation

Answers: (C), (E), (G)

There is very little to go on in this Text Completion, so a good idea is testing the answer choices. Before you do so willy-nilly, notice the structure, \views...\innocuous. That is they did not clash with his own views. So even innocuous views were annoying, or nettlesome.

For the last blank, the focus is on speaking out (\in the sentence occurs at \the opposite of speaking, or (G). Though a case can be made for (I), it does not contrast as well with the first part of the sentence. Had that part been, \gets angry even if somebody is just standing there\more sense.

169、For an obscure poet to have penned such a refined, poignant sonnet is not at all

____________. The sonnet, after all, has been a favored form for hundreds of years amongst the amateur and lionized alike. I would be ____________, on the other hand, had not one, out of the sheer number produced during this time, surpassed Shakespeare on a bad day.

Blank (i)

rare

ble

puzzling

conceiva

Blank (ii)

confoundedhard-pressed

vindicated

Text Explanation

Answers: (B), (D)

Many have been writing sonnets ?for hundreds of years? so it is not at all surprising for an obscure poet to write a great sonnet. The author of the

paragraph would therefore be very confused if nobody had ever written a great sonnet. (D) confounded, to be completely confused, works for the second blank. For the first blank, we need a word that contrasts nicely with ?confounded\paired with \not at all puzzling\would be very puzzling had not one poet written a great sonnet. While tempting (A) rare is not supported as much by the context and does not contrast with (D) confounded.

FAQ: Why doesn't \

The sentence directly following the first blank (\a favored form for hundreds of years, amongst the amateur and the lionized alike\wanted to emphasize that the scenario was not at all rare, then the sentence should mention something about the quantity of similar cases, in which great poems were written by obscure poets. However, it doesn't-- it simply further elaborates upon the popularity of the sonnet form. Just sonnets in general, not \judge the case presented as \of poets (\high-quality poems.

As for \enough evidence for judging rarity (or lack thereof), because \references the number of general poets-- again, not the specific case we're looking for, which is obscure poets who produce amazing poems.

170、Whereas for most of the West art is merely something to stand and gawk at, for the Navajo

Indians art has a far more ____________ function; sand paintings are used to heal those who are sick—either in body or mind—and only these afflicted individuals are allowed to see the art: as soon as they recover the painting is ____________.

Blank (i)

curative

pheral

Blank (ii)

refurbished

exhibited

religiousperi

destroyed

Text Explanation

Answers: (A), (E)

?…are used to heal…? supports (A) curative. ?Only these afflicted are allowed to see…? supports (E) destroyed, since it is the only answer choice which would prevent other people from seeing the painting.

171、In his critique of the student‘s ____________ essay, the writing instructor mostly focused

on ____________ details, leading many in the class to believe he was either oblivious to the subtleties of the piece or simply envious of the student.

Blank (i)

meandering

probing

Blank (ii)

trifling

cant

nuanced

signifi

polemical

Text Explanation

Answers: (C), (D)

?subtleties of the piece?, ?envious of student? suggest that the essay needs to be modified by a positive word. (C) probing means thoughtful, uncovering, digging deep, etc. (B) polemical means controversial, and does not fit with the context. The instructor, out of possible envy, focused on (D) trifling details. Trifling details are insignificant ones.

FAQ: How can the professor be both \subtleties\

These two statements might seem antithetical, but we can't change

them--they're already in the sentence, not in the blanks. We have to assume that these details he's focusing on are not the same as the \piece. So what kinds of details is he focusing on?

First, let's look again at that last clause, \was either oblivious to the subtleties of the piece or simply envious of the

student.\Yes, the piece itself was good, but if the professor liked the piece, would he seem \negative emotion), he would probably give a spiteful, negative critique. That is, he's oblivious of the good parts, and is instead focusing on some other details. We can guess those other details are unimportant, which is why \

172、Thumbing his nose with equal derision at Mozart as he did at Monet, Thomas was an

avowed ____________, treating all arts with contempt.

aesthete

uvinist

inquisitor

secularist

philistine

cha

Text Explanation

Answer: (E)

?…treating all arts with contempt…? are keywords that define the blank. (A) an aesthete is one who values beauty in art

(B) a secularist is one who focuses on affairs not relating to the spiritual world (C) a chauvinist is an elitist

(D) an inquisitor aggressively asks questions (E) a philistine is one who treats arts derisively

173、There are few ____________ thrills to be gleaned from Kafka‘s writing, for his characters,

which typically embody ideas, are not fleshed out enough for the reader to become fully immersed in their plights.

novel

tial

precarious

vicarious

substantive

tangen

Text Explanation

Answer: (B)

On the surface this seems like a pretty straightforward question. But there are some sneaky traps. First off, (A) novel, which means new, is a trap because it is similar to the content of the sentence—Kafka is an author. It is also too general. The sentence is focusing more on the thrills we get from reading a book and being able to put ourselves in the shoes of the hero or heroine.

There is a specific word that means that—and it is not (E) substantive, which suffers the same fate as (A): it is too general. In other words, Kafka?s writing can offer substantive thrills; these thrills just won?t relate to losing yourself in a character. (B) vicarious is a word that means to experience something secondhand, i.e., through somebody else.

174、At times ____________ , she could just as suddenly become ____________, a change in

mood that was favorable yet so unpredictable as to be jarring.

Blank (i)

affable

nimous

Blank (ii)

aloof

selfish

jubilant

morose

magna

Text Explanation

Answers: (B), (F)

The relationship between the blanks is that they are opposite, something you should be able to notice from the clue words, change and just as suddenly become… On the other hand, if you were to spend time trying to come up with your own word for the blank, you could come up with a variety of different words for the first and second blanks, even if you know the two blanks are in opposition. Instead you should look at the pairs of answer choices that are antonyms. In the question above, we havemorose, jubilant and magnanimous, selfish.

Now we need to pay closer attention to the sentence, specifically the last part, to note that the change is in some ways welcome. Therefore the second word has to be a positive word. So the answer is (B) morose and (C) jubilant.

Sometimes the relationship between the blanks is not as straightforward in a vague Text Completion. In these rare cases, you will have plug pairs of words into the two blanks, respectively, to see which pair makes the most sense.

175、Without food and water, Mike continued back to camp in a ____________ fashion, moving

slowly and with great difficulty.

huffyapathetic

laboredconsistent

morose

Text Explanation

Answer: (B)

?moving slowly…? defines the blank. (A) huffy means in an irritated manner (B) labored is with great difficulty (C) morose means sullen

(D) apathetic means having no emotions (E) consistent does not fit context

176、In his magnificent biography of Keats, Nicholas Roe chronicles a forward-looking spirit,

whose poetry offered a strikingly modern amalgam of the arts and sciences. Medical allusions to nerves, arteries, bone and blood developed in tandem with deepening thoughts on human pain and suffering, says Roe. Keats‘s vaunted ―negative capability‖ allowed him to engage imaginatively with life‘s transience and his own consumptive state (he suffered from tuberculosis and was not expected to live for long). The rueful melancholy of ―To Autumn‖ and ―Ode to a Nightingale‖ speaks of a courageous reckoning with mortality.

Lord Byron, with customary disdain, regarded Keats as a mere dilettante of sensation and ―his imagination‖. Roe will have little of this. The imagination at work in a poem such as ―Isabella, or, the Pot of Basil‖ derived from Keats‘s professional exposure to dissecting-room corpses. As the son of a Moorfields livery stables manager, Keats knew how the poor could serve as fodder for scalpels. Hospitals were complicit in the body-snatching trade, as the science of anatomy was in its infancy and trainee surgeons were required to practice their skills.

According to the passage, Lord Byron‘s attitude toward Keats is suspect primarily because

Keats drew on his experience with death to write some of

his poems

synthesis of art and sciencerelatively young age to tuberculosisknown for his whimsical imaginationKeats personally

Keats? poems combined ideas that were a

Keats? succumbed at a

Byron himself was Byron did not know

Text Explanation

Answer: (A)

Lord Byron claimed that Keats was using his imagination when writing about death. The passage shows this clearly was not the case: Keats was deathly ill (“he suffered from tuberculosis”) and had experienced death first hand working in hospitals. (A) paraphrases this.

(B) is an instance in which the answer is supported by the passage but does not answer to the question. (C) is similar in this regard, though the passage never explicitly mentions Keats perishing at a young age.

177、In his magnificent biography of Keats, Nicholas Roe chronicles a forward-looking spirit,

whose poetry offered a strikingly modern amalgam of the arts and sciences.

Medical allusions to nerves, arteries, bone and blood

developed in tandem with deepening thoughts on human pain and suffering, says Roe.

Keats‘s vaunted ―negative capability‖ allowed him to engage

imaginatively with life‘s transience and his own consumptive state (he suffered from tuberculosis and was not expected to live for long).

The rueful melancholy of ―To

Autumn‖ and ―Ode to a Nightingale‖ speaks of a courageous reckoning with mortality.

Lord Byron, with customary disdain, regarded Keats as a mere dilettante

of sensation and ―his imagination‖. this.

Roe will have little of

The imagination at work in a poem such as ―Isabella, or, the Pot of

Basil‖ derived from Keats‘s professional exposure to dissecting-room corpses.

As the son of a Moorfields livery stables manager, Keats knew

Hospitals were

how the poor could serve as fodder for scalpels.

complicit in the body-snatching trade, as the science of anatomy was in its infancy and trainee surgeons were required to practice their skills.

Select the part of the passage that mentions the poems that were informed by Keats's illness.

Click on a sentence in the passage to make your selection

Text Explanation

Be careful not to mix up the poems that were inspired by Keats? dissecting experience with those that were inspired by his illness. The correct answer is the sentence beginning with “The rueful melancholy.”

178、In his magnificent biography of Keats, Nicholas Roe chronicles a forward-looking spirit,

whose poetry offered a strikingly modern amalgam of the arts and sciences. Medical allusions to nerves, arteries, bone and blood developed in tandem with deepening thoughts on human pain and suffering, says Roe. Keats‘s vaunted ―negative capability‖ allowed him to engage imaginatively with life‘s transience and his own consumptive state (he suffered from tuberculosis and was not expected to live for long). The rueful melancholy of ―To Autumn‖ and ―Ode to a Nightingale‖ speaks of a courageous reckoning with mortality.

Lord Byron, with customary disdain, regarded Keats as a mere dilettante of sensation and ―his imagination‖. Roe will have little of this. The imagination at work in a poem such as ―Isabella, or, the Pot of Basil‖ derived from Keats‘s professional exposure to dissecting-room corpses. As the son of a Moorfields livery stables manager, Keats knew how the poor could serve as fodder for scalpels. Hospitals were complicit in the body-snatching trade, as the science of anatomy was in its infancy and trainee surgeons were required to practice their skills. The author of the passage would agree with all of the following EXCEPT

Keat?s family background played no role in his familiarity

with death.capacity.her creations.

contemptuous towards his peers.

time placed pragmatic concerns above ethical ones.

Keats encountered corpses in a working An artist?s experience can have an effect on his or

Lord Byron was known for being

Hospitals during Keats?

Text Explanation

Answer: (A)

The passage states that Keats? “knew the poor could serve as fodder”, which suggest at least some connection to death, or at least enough of connection to show that the “no connection” in (A) is incorrect. We are looking for an answer that is NOT supported by the test. Therefore, (A) is the answer.

(B) is backed up in the passage, \e to

dissecting-room corpses.\while working.

(C) is implied throughout the passage. Had Keats not worked with corpses he would not have written poems such as \be the same poem we have today.

As for (D), we can see that Byron was known for his \is, he typically looked down at others; he wasn't just looking down at Keats. Finally, (E) is supported by the lines, \

body-snatching trade, as the science of anatomy was in its infancy and trainee surgeons were required to practice their skills\engage in the unethical practice of snatching bodies. Otherwise, doctors would not have had been able to practice dissection.

179、Inspiration rarely leads to great writing unless coupled with a(n) ________ regimen, one

which affords writers ample opportunities to experience a flash of insight.

tedious

pected

inconsistent

exacting

widespread

unex

Text Explanation

Answer: (B)

A writer needs to follow a regimen in which he/she has \be inspired, or, as the second part of the sentence says, \insight%unless a writer gets plenty of opportunities (meaning, writes a lot), he /she is not going to get many flashes of insight or inspiration.

180、One reason we are able to recognize speech, despite all the acoustic variation in the signal,

and even in very difficult listening conditions, is that the speech situation contains a great deal of redundancy—more information than is strictly necessary to decode the message. There is, firstly, our general ability to make predictions about the nature of speech, based on our previous linguistic experience—our knowledge of the speakers, subject matter, language, and so on. But in addition, the wide range of frequencies found in every signal presents us with far more information than we need in order to recognize what is being said. As a result, we are able to focus our auditory

197、Megalimpet is a nationwide owner of office space. They have major office buildings in the

downtowns of several cities in the 48 lower states, and rent this space to individual

companies. Megalimpet office spaces vary from small office to large suites, and every space has custom-designed wall-to-wall carpeting. The carpet in several Megalimpet facilities needed replacing. The winning bid for the nationwide carpet replacement was submitted by Bathyderm Carpet Company (BCC). The bid contract involves all delivery costs, all installation, and any ongoing maintenance and upkeep while the carpet is under the three-year warranty. Both BCC executives and independent consultants they hired felt BCC would be able to perform all these services for far less than their bid price; these circumstances would allow BCC to reap a considerable profit.

Which of the following, if true, most calls in question the argument that BCC will make a large profit from this contract with Megalimpet?

All the carpets will have to be transported by train from

BCC factory in Louisville, KY, to Megalimpet's locations from coast to coast.

BCC has already supplied carpets to a number of

restaurant chains, and some of those spaces are as large as Megalimpet's largest office spaces.

The carpet installation teams will have

to cut different sizes of the carpets for the different size office suites in the Megalimpet buildings.

The material in BCC carpets

degrades rapidly when it comes into contact with standard toner, found in most laser printers and photocopiers; the degraded sections are unsightly and smell bad, so they often need to be replaced.

bid after BCC's was 50% higher than BCC's bid.

The next competing

Text Explanation

Answer: (D)

BCC is clearly generous; it will replace any damaged carpet, free of cost. Notice that the conclusion says BCC hopes to make a profit. If BCC constantly has to replace carpets for free, then it will not be profitable. This clearly points to (D). (A) suggests that transporting from coast to coast may be expensive. At the same time, we have no information that expenses incurred will be more than usual for BCC. Thus, we don?t have information to say that shipping costs are going to sink the argument.

(B) suggests that the conclusion is valid.

(C) doesn?t describe the high costs entailed. (E) is irrelevant.

198、Requiring split-second decisions, the career of an investment banker is clearly not a viable

one for those prone to _____ .

forwardnessditheringwastefulness

hesitationprevaricationobstinacy

Text Explanation

Answers: (B), (C)

'Requiring split-second...' shows that those who are likely to delay should not become investment bankers. Or another way of looking at it: the career of an investment banker is not a good one for those who hesitate. The word viable means feasible, likely to succeed.

(A) forwardness is somebody who is bold in a social sense (B) hesitation fits blank perfectly

(C) to dithering is to delay in making a decision

(D) prevarication is the act of speaking evasively as to avoid telling the truth (E) wastefulness does not fit context

(F) obstinacy means stubbornness. While one who is stubborn may not be likely to make a split-second decision the word does not quite fit the context nor is there a matching word

199、With all the trappings of a ―successful‖ novelist, Farminghouse perhaps will most likely

experience a(n) ______________ fame: posterity rarely looks kindly on those writers who bedazzle the hoi polloi.

meteoric

ive

notorious

potentialenduring

elus

Text Explanation

Answer: (A)

A meteoric fame is one that increases very rapidly and then disappears just as quickly as it appeared. 'Posterity', or the future, will not look kindly and a writer who appeals to the masses (\works well.

(B) is wrong because Farminghouse clearly has experienced fame. (C) is wrong for the same reason as (B).

(D) is too negative, and does not quite fit the context, which is focusing on a present fame that will not last long. (E) is the opposite.

200、Carvania is known to have a greater number of auto fatalities per capita than is the

neighboring province of Cheviraul.Nonetheless, the number of collisions per capita that result in whiplash injuries is less than half those per capita of neighboring Cheviraul. While such a finding implies that accidents occurring in Cheviraul are more likely to result in whiplash, there is another fact that should not be overlooked: unlike insurance providers in Cheviraul, those in

Carvania do not pay premiums for automobile accident-related whiplash. Because many incidents of whiplash apparently go unreported in Carvania, the actual number of incidents of whiplash in Carvania may be equal to, if not more than, the number of whiplash incidents in Cheviraul.

In the argument given above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

The first is a claim that challenges the main conclusion; the

second is the main conclusion.

The first is a judgment made

by the argument about a certain explanation; the second is that explanation.

The first is an observation that calls into

question an observed phenomenon; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.

The first is a claim that the argument sets out to

The first is

prove; the second limits the extent of this claim.

an intermediate conclusion; the second is the primary conclusion.

Text Explanation

Carvania is likely to have more fatal collisions than Cheviraul. Yet, the latter has more whiplash injuries. The first bold-faced part alerts us to this discrepancy. The second bold-faced part provides a reason for this discrepancy. As such, the second bold-faced part serves as the conclusion for the argument: because of

underreporting, Carvania may actually have more cases of whiplash per capita. This matches best with (C).

(C) querulous means complaining in a whining manner (D) sullen means depressed and withdrawn

(E) chivalrous describes a man who treats women courteously

(F) petulant means whining irritably

186、Amongst Irish-American playwrights of the early 20th Century, her work stood out as a(n)

____________, not so much because of its striking originality but because other contemporaneous works tended to be ____________ on most social issues. Her plays, by contrast, allowed the audience to come to its own conclusions, a technique that foreshadowed much of 20th century theatre.

Blank (i)

exemplar

omaly

Blank (ii)

unyielding

eticent

dogmatic

r

precursor

an

Text Explanation

Answers: (C), (E)

We use \contemporaneous works tended to be...\

because it IMMEDIATELY modifies/describes the word in the first blank. What's most important is that her work is DIFFERENT from her contemporaries. (C) anomaly works best.

(A) exemplar doesn't work because there's no clue that says other authors should imitate her work. In fact, we know that other authors didn't imitate it, because this work had \

(B) precursor describes something that precedes the advent of another thing. It is incorrect, because the paragraph does not mention that her work preceded that of her contemporaries, and \English collocation.

For the second blank, we want a word that contrasts with \

audience…conclusions.\did not allow audiences to \tempting in that it shares some meaning with dogmatic, but it doesn't carry the same meaning of trying to push an opinion on others, only that you refuse to change your own opinion. Since the audience is not trying to persuade the

playwright (nor be any part of the conversation), it's less likely that we would describe those plays as \

187、Tossing about in a tempest, the fishing vessel sent a message that was so ____________ as

to be incomprehensible.

urgentprominent

bleak

garbled

elaborate

Text Explanation

Answer: (E)

?Tossing about…tempest? , ?…incomprehensible? shows that the message was not clear. Incomprehensible means difficult to understand

(A) urgent does not relate to incomprehensible

(B) bleak means hopeless and can be used to describe the situation but not the message itself

garbled means not clear

(C) elaborate means complex and is not supported by the context (D) prominent means noticeable

(E) garbled describes communication that is unclear

188、Writing well is not so much a matter of inspiration as it is (i)______________; just as the

scientist toiling away in an attic, or the athlete training even in inhospitable conditions, a writer too must be (ii)______________.

Blank (i)

forethoughtcarelessness

Blank (ii)

candid

ous

yielding

tenaci

perseverance

Text Explanation

Answers: (B), (F)

\(B) means unyielding. The 'just as' indicates that there is no shift, so the second blank is similar to the first blank. (F) means not giving up easily.

189、Oceanologist: Recently an unprecedented number of dead dolphins washed ashore along

the mid-Atlantic coast. In the blood of over half of the dolphins, marine biologists discovered a brevotoxin that had been emitted by the alga Ptychodiscus brevis, in what is known as a red tide. Additionally, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), a toxic industrial compound, was also found in the dolphin‘s blood. A reasonable conclusion, and indeed one many have drawn, is that the dolphins were simply victims of the brevotoxin. Nonetheless, brevotoxins, by themselves, are not lethal to dolphins, though they do tax the dolphins system. Furthermore, most dolphins have some accumulated brevotoxins in their blood without suffering any ill health effects. Therefore, the brevotoxins alone cannot explain the mass beaching of dead dolphins.

Which of the following, if true, does most to help explain the oceanologist‘s doubt that the brevotoxins were the primary cause of the dolphins washing upon shore?

Most stricken dolphins that wash upon shore, whether or

not they eventually die, tend to do so in the Gulf of Mexico.

Shortly before the dolphins washed ashore, a major

oil spill not only caused algae to release brevotoxins but also released an array of deleterious industrious pollutants, including PCB.

While

PCB can cause metabolic imbalances in dolphins so that they stop eating

prematurely, the dose of PCB a dolphin encounters in the wild is unlikely to pose a lethal threat to a dolphin.

Scientists, near to the site of the

beached dolphins, discovered a group of beach sea otters exhibiting similar symptoms as the dolphins.

PCB and brevotoxins exercise

different effects on an organism, with PCB causing visible lesions.

Text Explanation

Answer: (B)

We are looking for an additional factor that could account for the dolphins washing upon the shore. (B) gives us such a factor, i.e., toxins released by a major oil spill.

(A) does not provide an additional factor that could account for the beached dolphins. It only discusses location.

(C) almost points at an additional factor, since PCB could help account for what happened to the dolphins. At the same time, (C) does not provide an additional factor beyond what's in the text. It does not offer an explanation as strong as the one provided by (B). The point is that the oceanologist needs

something other than brevotoxins to explain the dolphins' deaths. C gives us information about PCB, but doesn't tell us anything else about how much PCB there was or whether it caused the deaths. In fact, it actually gives us

information that PCB is not so bad: \wild is unlikely to pose a lethal threat to a dolphin.\(D) does not shed any insight into a possible cause.

(E) does the opposite. It suggests that brevotoxins and PCB were responsible for the dolphins washing upon shore. Thus, it doesn't necessarily add weight to the biologists' doubts. Yes, it does say that PCB causes \don't know if legions actually cause death in dolphins. We would have to infer this, and anytime you make this type of inference to choose an answer with these question types, you usually end up in trouble. Also, the first part of the answer choice is a bit ambiguous and doesn't necessarily show that PCB and b-toxins are killers; it only states that they \organism.\bad.

FAQ: I don't understand why (B) is the correct answer. The question is asking for me to provide support for the fact that brevotoxins couldn't be the sole cause of the dolphins' death. However, (B) does not do this.

First, remember to choose an answer choice that supports the biologist's

conclusion that the dolphins died NOT just from brevotoxin; some people out there do think that it was this toxin, but the oceanologist thinks it must have been something else.

It's understandable to be hesitant to choose (B), since it seems like something that was already said in the passage. But actually, (B) does add more detail, and thus support, to the biologists' doubt. Choice (B) not only gives us a source of both the b-toxin and the PCB, but we are also told that other \

industrious pollutants\choice doesn't really repeat what's been said.

190、Until Walt Whitman, there was no ______________ American voice in poetry; true, the

poems of Emerson are highly esteemed today, but the prosody of those poems are not altogether different from that of England‘s Lake Poets.

influential

olitary

distinct

celebratedgeneral

s

Text Explanation

Answer: (D)

The clue is \Whitman's poem were not similar (notice the contrast, 'unlike.'). Therefore, his voice was distinct. Also, notice the 'but' in the clause after the semi-colon, does not represent a double shift. Thus it is a false shift.

(A) is wrong as there is nothing to suggest that Emerson wasn't influential. After all, is poems are highly regarded today. (B) is wrong for the same reason as (A). (C) is not supported by the context. (E) is too vague.

191、In the mid-1970‘s, Walter Alvarez, a geologist, was studying Earth‘s polarity. It had

recently been learned that the orientation of the planet‘s magnetic field reverses, so that every so often, in effect, south becomes north and vice versa. Alvarez and some colleagues had found that a certain formation of pinkish limestone in Italy, known as the scaglia rossa, recorded these

occasional reversals. The limestone also contained the fossilized remains of millions of tiny sea creatures called foraminifera. Alvarez became interested in a thin layer of clay in the limestone that seemed to have been laid down around the end of the Cretaceous Period. Below the layer, certain species of foraminifera—or forams, for short—were preserved. In the clay layer, there were no forams. Above the layer, the earlier species disappeared and new forams appeared.

Having been taught the uniformitarian view, which held that any apparent extinctions throughout geological time resulted from ?the incompleteness of the fossil record‘ rather than an actual extinction, Alvarez was not sure what to make of the lacuna in geological time corresponding to the missing foraminifera, because the change looked very abrupt.

Had Walter Alvarez not asked his father, the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Luis Alvarez, how long the clay had taken to deposit, the younger Alvarez may not have thought to use iridium, an element rarely found on earth but more plentiful in meteorites, to answer this question. Iridium, in the form of microscopic grains of cosmic dust, is constantly raining down on the planet. The Alvarezes reasoned that if the clay layer had taken a significant amount of time to deposit, it would contain detectable levels of iridium. The results were startling: far too much iridium had shown up. The Alvarez hypothesis, as it became known, was that everything—not just the clay layer—could be explained by a single event: a six-mile-wide asteroid had slammed into Earth,

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