【单元教案】高一英语必修三 Unit 4 _教案

教学过程

一、课堂导入

Play a game to learn the names and positions of the planets:

Venus is next to Mercury.

Earth is the third planet.

Mars is between Earth and Jupiter.

Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun.

Saturn is between Uranus and Jupiter.

Mercury is closest to the sun.

二、复习预习

教师引导学生复习上节课所学知识点，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针

对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对主语从句具体用法的分

析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的课本知识的学习。

三、知识讲解

考点/易错点1 重点单词与短语学习

violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的

(回归课本P25)

The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. [归纳拓展]

violent criminals: 使用暴力的罪犯

a violent attack: 猛烈的攻击

a violent protest：强烈的抗议

a violent struggle；激烈的斗争

violent winds and storms 狂风暴雨

violent toothache: 剧烈的牙痛

in time及时；最后

(回归课本P25)

It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.

它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。

in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后。

in time(for sth/ to do sth) : not late 及时；不迟。

in/out of time: in/not in the correct time 合/不合节怕。

Eg: I’ll see him in time. 总有一天我会遇见他。

She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她来得及回来准备晚饭。[归纳拓展]

The audience clapped in time to the music. 观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。

in no time 立即；马上

at no time 绝不

at a time 一次；每次

at one time 曾经；一度

at times 有时

ahead of time 提前

for the time being 暂时

take one’s time 别着急；慢慢来

It’s high time that sb. did/should do sth.

（sth）be to (do): (something) will definitely happen, or it must happen

不可避免要发生或必须发生。

Eg: They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.

他们彼此说了再见，几乎不知道再也不可能见面了。

She is to be honored for this great work.

她（一定）会因这部著作而获得荣誉。

[归纳拓展]be to do sth. 用法

1)表按计划或安排，如：The Queen is to visit Japan in a week’s time

2) “命运”,将来必然要发生的事, 译作“注定……”。

Eg:They said goodbye, little knowing they were never to meet again.

3) 表示“应该”/ “义务” ，相当于should, must, have to . 如：You are to report to the police.

4) 用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相当于mustn’t。

Eg: You are not to smoke in the reading-room

5 )表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want。

Eg: If we are to be there soon, we’ll have to go now.

6）表示可能性,相当于can, may如: Such books are to be found in the library.

by doing 用于说明做某事的手段，方式。

(回归课本P26)

They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。

Eg: I don’t think she can help him by just giving him money. 我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。

He used to make his living by painting. 他以前是靠画画为生。

prevent …from doing阻止某人做某事。

(回归课本P26)

They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.

他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。Eg: His heart trouble did not prevent him (from) going to class the next day.

他的心脏病痛没能阻止他第二天去上课。

Nothing can prevent their plans (from) being carried out.

[归纳拓展] 同义句型

stop …from doing

keep …from doing

allow 允许

(回归课本P26)

… allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 它使地球把有害气体溶解在海洋里。

allow sb to do 允许某人做某事。

Eg：Her parents won’t allow her to stay out later than 11:00 in the evening.

Please allow me to explain that I did not have any idea about his arrangement.

但要注意：“准许做某事”应当是allow doing 不是allow to do。如：

Eg：They shouldn’t allow parking in this street. It’s too narrow.

Walking on the grass is not allowed. 不许踩踏草坪。

[归纳拓展] let, permit, allow

let允许，让，常用于口语中，一般不用于被动语态。后接不带to的不定式作宾补。permit v. & allow v. 在许多情况下二者可以通用, 但：

permit更正式、积极，多指上级对下级或长辈对晚辈的准许,语气较强；有“主动许可、正式批准”之意。词义较强

allow偏重听任或默许，多指听任或不管教某人做某事。有并不反对或不加阻止的含义，词义较弱。

常用句型allow/permit sb. to do sth.

be allowed/permitted to do sth.

allow/permit doing sth.

eg：The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted.

now that既然

(回归课本P31)

Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.

Now (that)/ seeing (that)/considering (that) / in that

鉴于某个事实，原因是，用法与since接近

not that…but that…不是因为，而是因为; on ground(s) that 理由是

[归纳拓展] 区分now that, because, since, as, for

1)Because 直接的原因，有较强的因果关系。

(2)As 由于，比because 弱。

(3)now that“既然；由于”that可省略,强度更弱

(4)since 既然，表既成的事实，可与now that互换。

(5) for 因为,并列连词,前面用逗号与主句隔开，补充说明原因。

break out突发；爆发。

(回归课本P31)

We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth`s gravity increased.

[归纳拓展]

break up 关系的破裂，打碎；解散；放假

break down (机器的）故障；(精神、身体)崩溃；(谈判，计划)失败

break off 停止，中断

break in 闯入；插话

break into 强行进入某处；突然开始(大笑、欢呼等)

break through 突破；强行穿过

break away from...脱离……

考点/易错点2 重点句子分析

【教材原句】What it was to become was a mystery until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun. P25

随后它会变成什么没人能知道，知道38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。

【句法分析】

1、此处what it was to became 是主语从句，其中what既引导主语从句，又在

从句中做become的宾语。until…a solid globe 是until 引导的时间状语；在该时间状语中，when the dust settled into a solid globes 是定语从句，修饰between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago。

2、was to become 所用的结构是：be to do，表示将要发生的事情。

【教材原句】

The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

【句法分析】

1、句中it是形式主语，代替whether引导的主语从句。

2、需要注意的是，表示“是否”时，引导主语从句只用whether，不可用if。可

单用whether，也可用whether… or…。

Eg：It is not clear whether the US will withdraw its troops from Iraq next year.

= Whether the US withdraw its troops from Iraq next year is not clear.

It is still a question whether they will come or not.

= Whether they will come or not is still a question.

【教材原句】What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.

更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球表面就开始出现了水。

【句法分析】

1、句中What is even more important 是主语从句；that as…是由that引导的表

语从句。

2、as the earth cooled down在表语从句中做时间状语。

3、cool down 在此次是“冷却下来”。

Eg: The hot metal contracts as it cools down.

4、cool sb down，作及物或不及物动词短语，表示“使某人冷静、镇静或降低热

情”。

Eg：Mother gave the little girl some chocolate to calm her down.

【教材原句】Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. 另外一些叫两栖动物，它们既能在陆上生活，也能在海里生存。

【句法分析】

1、called amphibians, 是一个过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰others。此处用逗

号隔开，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。过去分词作后置定语常以两种形式出现。

1）位于被修饰词之后，前后有逗号隔开。

A pop group, called S.H.E, is coming to give a concert.

2) 位于被修饰词之后，无逗号隔开。

An explorer sent by China has landed on Mars.

2、as well as是一个连词词组，用于连接两个相同的成分，着重点在前者。

The robot dances as well as sings.

【教材原句】Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.

它们为什么突然灭绝至今仍然是个谜。

【句法分析】

1、Why they suddenly disappeared 是why引导的主语从句。

2、remain在此是系动词，意为“继续存在，留下”。此词无被动语态，不用于进

行时。

【教材原句】So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否被解决。【句法分析】

1、这是一个复合句，主语和宾语是分别由两个whether引导的名词性从句组成

的。

2、millions of year 意为“数百万年”。

3、years to come 意为“未来数年”，in the years to come”在未来数年里“，

当介词用for时，动词要用延续性动词，for表示延续的时间。

4、depend on 在句中表示“取决于“，还可以表示”依靠“。介词on可用upon替换。

考点/易错点3 语法点学习主语从句

主语从句：在句子中做主语的从句叫做主语从句。

主语从句用法：

一、由what（whatever，whoever）等代词引导的主语从句。

What they are after is money. 他们追求的是金钱。

Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。

二、由连词that引导的主语从句。其中that一般不可省略，但若用it作形式主语，

that从句后置时，则可省略。为避免头重脚轻，我们倾向用it开头，后接be，seem等。如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用带it的结构。

That money doesn't grow on trees should be obvious.

金钱不能从树上长出来是显而易见的。

It is obvious（that）money doesn't grow on trees .显而易见，金钱是不能从树上长出来的。

Has it been announced when the planes are to take off？飞机什么时候起飞宣布了没有？

注意：

1）选用what还是用that引导主语从句要根据关联词在从句中是否担任成分而定。

且what（以及whatever，whoever等）引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。

What he said is true.他说的是真的。（what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语。）That China is a great socialist country is well known.（=It’s well known that…）众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。

（that在其引导的主语从句中不作任何成分，也无词义，只起连接作用。）

2）it引导的强调句与it作形式主语的复合句不可混淆。it引导的强调句是用来对句中某一成分加以强调，其结构为：“It is（或was）+强调部分+that（或who）…”

强调句去掉It is（或was）…that（或who）…框架后，剩余部分为一个完整的句子。

It was I that(who) met Mary in the street yesterday. (强调主语)

3）常见的用it作形式主语的复合句结构：

*It is+形容词（necessary，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，等）+that从句，从句中常用虚拟语气。

It’s necessary that he write something in English.他用英语写点东西是必要的。It’s strange tha t she did not go to school yesterday.奇怪的是她昨天没去上学。

*It is+名词（a fact，a pity ，no wonder，good news，等）+that从句

It's a pity that she should have said so.真遗憾她竟然会这么说。

*It is+过去分词（said，reported，decided，unknown等）+that从句

Its said that our English teacher will go abroad next week.据说我们英语老师下周要去出国。

*It +不及物动词（seems，appears，happens，matters等）+that从句

It seems that she is in great need of help.看来她急帮忙。

4）主语为从句时，一般要用单数谓语动词形式；但如果引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念（常可从表语上看出）时，谓语动词则常用复数形式：

What we need is water. 我们需要的是水。

What we need are useful books. 我们需要的是有用的书。

三、由连接代词或连接副词（或if, whether）引导的主语从句。

When they will come hasn't been made public.他们什么时候回来还没有宣布。

Whether I’ll attend the meeting hasn’t been decided.=It hasn’t been decided whether(if) I’ll attend the meeting.我是否参加会议还未决定。

四、例题精析

【例题1】

【题干】

__________surprised me most was the sudden change of his attitude.

A. That

B. What

C. Which

D. It

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查主语从句。从句意上分析,本句应是“最让我吃惊的事情”,而what一词可表示the thing that (surprised me most),其他选项语法不通。

【例题2】

【题干】What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has __________?

A. given out

B. put on

C. hold up

D. used up

【答案】A

【解析】given out意为“耗尽,用尽”,无被动式；put on意为“穿上”；hold up意为“堵塞”；used up意为“用尽”,主语为物时,需用被动式。

【例题3】

【题干】

The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has __________ all over the country.

A. companies

B. branches

C. organizations

D. businesses

【答案】B

【解析】branches意为“分支,分公司”,正合题意。

五、课堂运用

【基础】

1、It worried Mary a bit __________ she would pass the college entrance examination.

A. whether

B. if

C. that

D. how

【答案】A

【解析】本题中,it是形式主语,要求选出引导主语从句的连词。如果选择that, Mary 就不必着急了；句意为“使她感到忧虑的是,她是否能够通过考试”,所

以,D项排除。if不能引导主语从句,也排除。

2、I was still sleeping when the fire __________,and then it spread quickly.

A. broke out

B. put out

C. came out

D. got out

【答案】A

【解析】题意为“火灾发生的时候,我正在睡觉……”。A项意为“发生”；B项意为“扑灭”；C项意为“开花、出版”；D项意为“出来”。

3、The meeting was held in a lively ________ and everybody felt free to share his ideas.

A．atmosphere B．weather

C．situation D．phenomenon

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。atmosphere气氛，氛围；weather 天气；situation情形，状况；phenomenon现象。

【巩固】

1、__________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If

B. Whether

C. That

D. Where

【答案】B

【解析】B、C、D三项均可引导主语从句,但是本句含有疑问的意思,因此that排除；

根据句意,是否camping和天气关系更为密切,所以where排除；if虽也可表

示“是否”,但其不能引导主语从句,也排除。

2、Sarah hopes to become a friend of __________shares her interests.

A. anyone

B. whoever

C. whomever

D. no matter who

【答案】B

【解析】whoever在句中起双重作用,既作介词of的宾语,也作从句的主语；whomever 不能在从句中作主语；no matter who只能引导状语从句。

3、Newly-born babies are good sleepers. The amount of their sleep is ________ that of

adults.

A．several times larger than B．a few times the size of

C．as several times as D．a few times deeper than

【答案】 A

【解析】考查比较级的用法。倍数的表达法之一是“倍数＋比较级＋than”，句子主语为the amount，表示数量，故应用large 或small来修饰，故A项正确。

句意为：新生婴儿睡眠很好。他们的睡眠时间是成年人的好几倍。【拔高】

1、Tom has agreed to let me use his car, and ________ I’m treating him to a good

dinner at the newly built restaurant just around the corner.

A．in charge B．in place

C．in return D．in turn

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。in charge负责，掌管；in place在适当的位置；in return 作为回报；in turn反过来。句意为：汤姆同意让我用他的车，作为回报，

我要在拐角处新开的饭馆请他好好吃一顿。

2、__________is that I have promised to make friends with the dishonest girl.

A. The only thing what I regret

B. What I regret most

C. All what I really regret most

D. What that I regret most

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查主语从句。what一词在引导名词性从句时,含有the thing (person) that之意。因此,A项中的the only thing是多余的,也可把what去掉后改为that；

同样,C项的all和D项中的that也是多余的。

3、The computer system ________ suddenly while he was searching for information on

the Internet.

A．broke down B．broke out

C．broke up D．broke in

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。break down 出故障；break out(战争、火灾等)爆发；

break up 解散，分手；break in 闯入。句意为：他在网上查找信息时电脑

系统突然坏了。

课程小结

本节课主要学习课本中的相关知识点的用法，需要重点掌握的是一些固定动词短语的辨析。此外，高考对语法填空的考察需要学生对语法点掌握较扎实，所以希望学生能理解语法点的本质，对语法点的考查往往是与语境想结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目，灵活地运用语法知识

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