2012年考研基础班词汇讲义（墨东博）

2010年考研基础班词汇与作文讲义

词汇 - 综述篇

A完型填空 A1关连词

1

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of nonprime sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REMsleep is even more 43. The new experiments, such as those 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems, the self protecting mechanism against diseases, had crashed.

41. A. Either B. Neither C. Each D. Any 50. A. if B. as if C. only if D. if only 2

Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.

They do not provide energy, 41 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 42 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 43 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 44.

Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body. 48. enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. Many people,50, believe in being on the \extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body's vitamin needs.

41.A. either B. so C. nor D. never

46.A. in that B. so that C. such that D. except that

50.A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile A2适用语境 1义近词

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is (41) the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of (42) breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless

use of words (43) a meeting of the minds of the speaker and the listener. The words used by the speaker may (44) unfavorable reactions in the listener (45) interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission reception system breaks down.(46), inaccurate or indefinite words may make (47) difficult for the listener to understand the (48) which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be (49) to explain or describe in a (50) that can be understood by his listener.

42. A. inaccessible B. timely C. likely D. invalid 43. A. encourages B. prevents C. destroys D. offers 44. A. pass out B. take away C. back up D. stir up 48. A. speech B. sense C. message D. meaning 49. A. obscure B. difficult C. impossible D. unable 50. A. case B. means C. method D. way

2熟词僻义

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of nonprime sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of nonprime sleep is even more 43. The new experiments, such as those 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of nonprime sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems? the self protecting mechanism against diseases? had crashed.

42. A. intended B. required C. assumed D. inferred 43. A. subtle B. obvious C. mysterious D. doubtful 44.A. maintained B. described C. settled D. afforded 49. A. develop B. produce C. stimulate D. induce 

3形近词

Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.

They do not provide energy, 41 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 42 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 43 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 44.

Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body. 48. enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. Many people,50, believe in being on the \

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extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body's vitamin needs.

42.A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming 44.A. serious B. apparent C. severe D. fatal

49.A. exceptional B. exceeding C. excess D. external B阅A B1词义替换题

选文:

〖JZ〗〖WTHZ〗Text 4网络经济〖WTBZ〗 In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently as the Web proved to be more t han a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such businesstobusiness sales make sense because business peop le typically know what product they're looking for.

Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts abou t its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company's private int ranet.

Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology a vailable for marketing. Until recently, Internet

marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting market ing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen

saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subs cribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtu al Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages t o customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push te chnology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by speci fic request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the

distinction between the Web and television fades. That's prospect that horrifies Net purists.

But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to pus h strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and o ther pioneers show that a Wet site selling the right kind of products with the r ight mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online custome

rs. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 year s from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.

1.〖ZK (〗We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business〖CD#4〗. A.has been striving to expand its market B.intended to follow a fanciful fashion C.tried but in vain to control the market D.has been booming for one year or so 〖JZ〗〖WTHZ〗Text 5医学〖WTBZ〗

It was 3∶45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern T erritory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the c onvincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the

Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive direct or of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's online s ervice, Death NET. Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long, because of c ourse this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history. ” The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and pr actical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including chur ches, righttolife groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly at tacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn b ack, In Australia-where an aging population, lifeextending technology and chan ging community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to co nsider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the righttodie movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for th e dominoes to start falling.

Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death-probabl y by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of se ven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54yearold Darwin resident suffer ing from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on wi th living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from hi s breathing condition.“I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.

1.〖ZK (〗From the second paragraph we learn that〖CD#4〗.

A.the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries

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B.physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia

C.changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the l aw D.it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage B2态度判断题

It was 3∶45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern T erritory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the c onvincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the

Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive direct or of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's online s ervice, Death NET. Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long, because of c ourse this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history. ” The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and pr actical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including chur ches, righttolife groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly at tacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn b ack, In Australia-where an aging population, lifeextending technology and chan ging community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to co nsider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the righttodie movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for th e dominoes to start falling.

Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death-probabl y by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of se ven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54yearold Darwin resident suffer ing from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on wi th living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from hi s breathing condition.“I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their

1.〖ZK (〗The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of〖CD#4〗. A.opposition 〖DW〗B.suspicion C.approval

〖DW〗D.indifference

1. It would be wonderful to observe a singularity and obtain direct evidence of the undoubtedly bizarre phenomena that occur near one. Unfortunately in most cases

a distant observer cannot see the singularity.

2. Detailed understanding of this phenomenon awaits further study

3. The correlation between carbon dioxide and temperture throughout the Vostok record is consistent and predictable

4. Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eigtteenth century continued in the Jacksonian period and the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before industrialization.

5. His thesis works relatives well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the C. hinese in California and the Jews in the medieval Europe

B3单词释义题

Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drag. Many people mistakenly believe the term drag refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drag addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drags. This is why the more neutral term substance: is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase \ to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased

tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning \年) 60. The word \

A. widespread B. overwhelming C. piercing D. fashionable

C翻译

C1词的搭配结构

. 1 Furthermore humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus

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subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

C2熟词僻义

2) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

D阅B

Religion is a worldwide phenomenon that has played a part in all human culture and so is a much broader, more complex category than the set of beliefs or practices found in any single religious tradition. An adequate understanding of religion must take into account its distinctive qualities and patterns as a form of human experience, as well as the similarities and differences in religions across human cultures.

In all cultures, human beings make a practice of interacting with what are taken to be spiritual powers. These powers may be in the form of gods, spirits, ancestors, or any kind of sacred reality with which humans believe themselves to be connected. (41) ________核心词义的再现 ________

________ People interact with such a presence in a sacred manner-that is, with reverence and care. Religion is the term most commonly used to designate this complex and diverse realm of human experience.

The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religion, which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meanings that reflect the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. (42) ________词的搭配结构 ________ Although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion-for example, “true love of God,” or “the path of enlightenment.”At the other extreme, religion may be equated with ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking.

By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. (43) ________指代词的功能 ________ Such a definition avoids the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church structure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion-unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole of public and private life. In Buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha (fully enlightened human being). In many traditional cultures the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. (44) ________.

(45) ________ It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes patterns of behavior gut also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, meditative techniques, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural

environments.

A. Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any.

single aspect of human experience.

B. Because of this variety some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to. designate the common foundation of religious life.

C. Religion is nearly universal and as ancient as human culture. Belief systems and traditions of. worship have been common to nearly all societies since before the days of recorded history. D. At one extreme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a religion,

understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition.

E. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society.

F. Religion is participatory-ordinary practicing members of a religious society help to perpetuate sacred traditions by attending religious services in community churches, mosques, synagogues, or temples.

G. Sometimes a spiritual power is understood broadly as an all embracing reality, and sometimes it is approached through its manifestation in special symbols. It may be regarded as external to the self, internal, or both.

E写作

It is said that the smoking is good to our health. Nothing could be further from the truth. As a famous saying goes: please the eye and plague the heart”.

In order to account for what has been discussed above, people have come up with several causes as listed below. In the first place (表序列), those who usually smoke have more opportunities to catch serious illness even cancer than those who do not. That is to say, the more they smoke, the sooner they will say goodbye to the world. In the second place, it is clear that those smokers who have suffered the sadness resulted from the smoking often assume their reponsibilities to bring home the bacon especially in the countryside. That means the smoking can cost their families the vigorous labors. There is one more point that we feel that we want to touch on the fact that when the smokers cannot afford to cover (熟词僻义) their medical fares, the government has to share their considerable medical expenses. Consequently (表结论), the smoking has posed a great threat to every aspect of our life.

Judging from what has been argued above, people have come to realize the harms of the smoking has been the crippling force of development of economy in China. So two effective steps should be taken more seriously. On one hand, the government should make stricter law to ban people from smoking in more public places. On the other hand, people should enhance the awareness of the harms of the smoking. Only by undergoing these measures, can (表倒装) we ffufill our gream: no smoking everywhere.

YU Mei Ren

Spring flowers and autumn moon-

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when will they be ending?

How many past events should we remember?

The east wind blew through my small lodge again last night

The old country, bathed in a bright moon.

Never forgot!

Those carved balustrades, those marble terraces-

They could still be there, Only have the rosy cheeks faded.

How much sorrow could a person subject himself to?

As spring torrent, without tarry!

Flowing eastward

构词法专题

一、常用前缀

1、表示“否定或相反意义”的常用前缀

ab-： abnormal反常的 abuse滥用 contra-：

contrary相反的、不利的 contrast对照；对比 de-：

decline拒绝、衰退 departure离开,出发 decrease减少 dis-：

disagree不同意 discover发现 disability残疾，无能 disadvantage不利条件 disobey违反 disorganize打乱 displease惹恼

dishonest不诚实的 il-： illegal非法的

illiterate文盲 illogical不合逻辑的 in-：

incomplete不完整的 incorrect不正确的 informal非正式的 inconvenient不方便的 independence独立，自主 incapable不能胜任的 im-：

impossible不可能的 impersonally非个人的 impatient不耐烦的 ir-：

irregular不规则的 irreparable无法修复的 irresistible不可抵抗的 irreplaceable不能替代的 irresponsible不负责任的 mis-：

misarrange排列错误,安排不妥当 mislead误导,使误解

mistrust不信任,怀疑 misunderstand误会 mistreat虐待 non-：

non-smoker不吸烟者 non-identical不同的 nonsense胡说 non-stop不停的 non-violent非暴力的 non-white有色人种 nontraditional非传统的 un-：

unbearable无法忍受的 unbelievable难以置信的 uncomfortable不舒服的

unconditional无条件的 unfit不适合的 unfair不公平的 unusual不寻常的 unpleasant不快乐

unmistakable明显的，不会错的uncountable不可数的 untie解开 uncover揭露

unload卸下(货物) anti-:

antibody抗体 antibiotics抗生素 antiwar反战的 antiknock防震的 antiforeign排外的

2、表示“大小、多少、内外、前后、上下、高低、程度”的常用前缀

ex-：

exhaust用尽，耗尽 external外部的 export出口，输出 extend延长，伸展 expand扩大，扩展 expose使暴露 extra-：

extraordinary非常的，特别的 extreme极端的、过度的 fore-： foresee预见 forehead前额 forecast预报，预测 foretell预言 im-：

immigrate使移居入境 import进口

in-：

internal内部的 inject注射，投入 insight洞察力，见识 inspect检查，检阅 intake入口，摄取 inter-：

international国际的 interpersonal人际的 interrelationship相互关系 interchange交换，轮替 interrupt中断、妨碍 interact相互作用 micro-：

microbiology微生物学 microphone扩音器、麦克风 microscope显微镜 microwave微波

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mini-： minimize最小化 minimum最小值 minibus小型公共汽车 mono-：

monolog独白，独角戏 monocycle独轮车 mult (i)-： multiply增加,繁殖 multiple由多个…构成的 multimedia多媒体 out-： outpace赶过 outspread展开 outward向外的 over-：

overcharge对要价过高 overemphasize过分强调 overuse过度使用 overburden使负担过重 overcrowded过度拥挤的 post-： postwar战后 postgraduate研究生 pre-： preview预习 predict预言，预知 previous以前的，先前的 pro-:

3、动词前缀 ac-：

accelerate加速，促进 accompany陪伴 accumulate堆积

progress进步 proceed前进

prospect展望，前景 sub-： subway地铁

subconscious潜意识的 suburb市郊 super-：

supermarket超级市场 superman超人 sur-:

surface表面 surround包围 surroundings环境 trans-：

transport运输、运送 transfer转让 transform改造 transmit传输 transplant移植

under-：

underground地铁

underdeveloped不发达的 underline在…下面画，强调 up-:

upward向上地 uphold维护，支持 uphill上坡的 upend竖立

upstairs在楼上，向楼上

accustomed习惯的 acknowledge承认，认可 en-： endanger危及 enrich使丰富

enclose围住，包住 enlarge扩大，增大

4、其他常用前缀 a-： asleep睡着的 aloud大声的 apart分离的

aboard在船(飞机、车)

上

auto-：

autobiography自传 autodial自动拨号 automatic自动的 bene-： beneficial有益的 benefit利益；有益于… bi-： bicycle自行车 bilingual两种语言的 bimonthly双月的 bio-：

biochemistry生物化学 biophysics生物物理学 co (con)-： coworker合作者 cooperate合作 coexist共存 coincidence巧合 contest竞赛 context上下文 kilo-： kilometer千米 kilogram千克

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entitle给…提名，授权

re-： retell复述 rewrite改写 recycle循环 reconsider重新考虑 replace代替 repay还钱 review复习 rebuild重建 semi-： semicircle半圆 semifinal半决赛 semiconscious半清醒的

semiofficial半官方的、

半正式的 tele-： telephone电话 telegram电报 telegraph电报 tri-： triangle三角形 tricycle三轮自行车 uni-：

uniform相同的，制服 union联合，结合 unique唯一的,独特的 universal普遍的 up-： upend竖立

upstairs在楼上，向楼上

二、常用后缀 (一)动词后缀 -ate:

isolate孤立 associate联合 investigate调查 concentrate集中 motivate激发 operate操作 translate翻译 hesitate犹豫 -en：

strengthen加强 broaden加宽 weaken削弱 brighten使变亮 sharpen削尖 frighten惊吓 deepen深化 loosen松开 widen加宽 lengthen加长 lighten减轻 (二)名词后缀

1、表示“人(或具体事物)”的名词后缀

–an/-ian/-arian： American美国人 European欧洲人 Asian亚洲人 musician音乐家

politician政治家，政客librarian

图书管理员 historian历史学家 physician (内科)医师 -ant/-ent： assistant助手 attendant服务员 resident居民 ripen使成熟 -ify： beautify美化 purify净化 simplify简化 terrify使…害怕 identify鉴别 glorify使…壮丽 electrify使…电气化 qualify使…合格 –ize (-ise)： apologize道歉 modernize使...现代化 popularize使...流行 mechanize机械化 criticize批评 civilize使开化 computerize使计算机化 industrialize使工业化

correspondent通讯记者 component成分 -ee：

employee雇员 appointee被任命者 absentee缺席者 -eer：

engineer工程师 pioneer先驱 volunteer志愿者 -er/-or/-ar： trainer教练 viewer观众 performer表演者 reviewer评论家 partner合伙人 photographer摄影师 operator操作者 conductor售票员，指挥 competitor选手 beggar乞丐 liar说谎者 scholar学者 -er： cooker炊具

2、表示“状态、行为、性质、身份、场所等”的名词后缀

-age： storage储藏 percentage百分率 marriage婚姻 coverage覆盖 shortage短缺 -al：

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container容器 drawer抽屉

shaver剃须刀，修面的人 –ese：

Chinese中国人，汉语 Japanese日本人，日语 Cantonese广东人 -ess： actress女演员 hostess女主人 waitress女服务生 -ing：

building建筑物 surrounding环境 belongings所有物 –ist：

violinist小提琴家 communist共产主义者 chemist化学家，药剂师 novelist小说家 receptionist接待员 socialist社会主义者 specialist专家 physicist物理学者

arrival到达 trial判决 burial葬礼 criminal罪犯 survival生存 refusal拒绝 proposal建议 removal移动

-ance/-ence： absence缺席 appearance外观 assistance援助 convenience方便 distance遥远 patience耐心 presence出席 existence存在 evidence明显，证据 dependence依靠 guidance指导 insistence坚持 -ency： frequency频率 emergency紧急情况 -dom： freedom自由 kingdom王国 wisdom智慧 boredom厌倦 -(e) ry： bakery面包店 slavery奴隶身份，

奴隶制度

bravery勇敢 mastery掌握 recovery恢复、康复 entry登录，进入 mystery神秘 nursery托儿所 surgery外科 -hood：

childhood孩童时期

neighborhood邻居之间、附近

manhood成年 brotherhood兄弟关系 -ice：

justice正义，公平 service服务，仪式 -(t) ion /-ation： addition加，增加 affection友爱，感情 instruction说明书 institution机构 intension紧张

identification辨认，鉴定 communication交流 dictation听写 invitation邀请 competition竞赛 expectation期待，预料 starvation饥饿 irrigation灌溉 determination决心 description描述 imagination想象力 extension延长

contribution捐献，投稿 construction建筑 possession拥有 permission许可，允许 restriction限制 -ization：

popularization普及 civilization文明 modernization现代化 industrialization工业化 -ment： amazement惊异

amusement娱乐，消遣 appointment指派，约会 arrangement安排 basement地下室 punishment惩罚 judgment判断,判决 disappointment失望 argument争论 employment雇佣 requirement要求 encouragement鼓励 development发展 astonishment惊奇 announcement通知 settlement定居，解决 statement声明 treatment对待，治疗 -ness：

goodness善良、美德 willingness愿意 weakness弱点 fairness公正 rudeness粗野 sadness悲伤 seriousness严重 darkness黑暗

3、表示“学科、主义、…学(论)”的名词后缀 -ics：

electronics电子学 physics物理学 mathematics数学 politics政治学 mechanics机械学

16

-ship： friendship友谊 ownership所有权 scholarship奖学金 relationship关系 membership会员身份 companionship友谊 citizenship公民权利(资格) -sion： confusion混乱 comprehension理解 division分开，分割 expansion扩充 -th： length长度 strength力量 youth青春 growth生长 warmth温暖 –ture/-ure：

architecture建筑，建筑学 failure失败 fixture固定,装置 mixture混合 departure离开 adventure冒险

economics经济学 gymnastics体操 -ism： tourism旅游业 communism共产主义 socialism社会主义 optimism乐观(主义)

pessimism悲观(主义) -ology： biology生物学 technology工艺

4、表示其他抽象概念的名词后缀

-ability/-ibility： possibility可能性 curability治愈可能性 sensibility敏感性 probability可能性 –ity/ty： equality平等 ability能力 anxiety焦虑 certainty确信

(三)形容词后缀

1、表示“充满…的，多…的”的形容词后缀

ecology生态学 sociology社会学 psychology心理学

popularity流行 purity纯度 beauty美 safety安全 productivity生产力 curiosity好奇心 necessity必要性 similarity相似性 security安全

-ful：

wonderful精彩的 forgetful健忘的 merciful仁慈的 harmful有害的 faithful忠诚的 peaceful和平的 wasteful浪费的 cheerful愉快的 fearful可怕的 thoughtful深思的 painful痛苦的 skillful灵活的，熟练的 fruitful多产的 -ous：

nervous神经紧张的 dangerous危险的 mountainous多山的 humorous富于幽默的 adventurous冒险的 numerous极多的 poisonous有毒的 curious好奇的 mysterious神秘的 vigorous精力旺盛的 glorious光荣的 -y：

windy有风的 muddy多泥的 noisy吵闹的 funny有趣的 foggy雾的，模糊的 salty咸的 wealthy有钱的

18

healthy健康的 shady阴暗的 guilty犯罪的 icy冰冷的 tasty可口的

2、表示“有…特性的，有…性质的，…的”的形容词后缀 –able/-ible：

admirable值得钦佩的 changeable可改变的 acceptable可接受的 excusable可以原谅的 reasonable合理的 portable可移动的 -al (ual) …： agricultural农业的 electrical电的 spiritual精神的 racial种族的 facial面部的 central中心的 global全球的 personal个人的 fundamental基本的 typical典型的 theoretical理论的 –an/-ian： Canadian加拿大人 European欧洲人的 Italian意大利人的 Christian基督教的 vegetarian素食的 –ant/-ent： frequent频繁的 insistent坚持不懈的 intelligent聪明的，伶俐的

dependent依靠的 urgent紧急的 reluctant勉强的 –ary/-ory： secondary次要的 elementary基本的 satisfactory满意的

分类篇 - 完型词汇

A近义词辩析 A1通过语义辩析 1.

advise persuade 2.

assume presume 3.

cheat deceive 4.

compare contrast 5.

forbid prohibit 6.

recall recollect 7.

eliminate exclude

8.

admit acknowledge confess 9.

20

announce declare proclaim 10.

convince persuade 11.

detect discover find 12.

display exhibit 13.

expose reveal 14.

release relieve

15.

abnormal uncommon disordered 16. abstract digest outline summary 17.

compel constrain force oblige 18. confinement limitaion restraint 19.

conserve preserve reserve的 20.

credible credulous creditable plausible 21.

essential indispensable necessary 22.

initial original primitive

23.

capacity capability faculty ability A2通过习惯搭配 1.

refuse reject decline 2.

settle, solve 3.

expand; extend B近形词辩析

★ historic与historical

historic: famous in history, associated

with past times a~event/speech/spot historical: belong to history a~people/novel/play/film/painting ~trend反: imaginary ★electric与electrical

electrical: worked by, changed with,

producing electricity~current/cable electrical

★ ★economic与economical

22

economic: of economics ~policy/geography/crisis/crops

economical: careful in the spending of

money and time, not waste an~housewife/store ★industrial与industrious industrial: of industries the~revolution/products/system industrious: hard-working, diligent ~people

★considerable与considerate considerable: great much a~income/distance considerate: thoughtful She is~to others. ★intense与intensive

intense: high in degree~heat炽热/pain an~lady热情的女子

intensive: deep and

thorough~reading/study彻底研究/agriculture密集农业

★imaginable、imaginary与imaginative imaginable:: that can be imagined ~difficulties

imaginary: existing only in the mind, unreal ~figure

imaginative: of, having, using imagination a~writer ★intelligent、intelligible与intellectual

intelligent: having, showing

intelligence, clever an~looking girl~answer

intelligible: clear to mind, that can be easily understood. an~speech/explanation

intellectual: possessing a great deal of ★contemptible与contemptuous contemptible: deserving contempt a~lie

contemptuous: showing contempt a~look

★credible、credulous与creditable credible: that can be believed a~witness

credulous: too ready to believe things. He always cheats~people. creditable: that brings credit. a~record/deed/effort ★alternate与alternative alternate: changing by turns

alternative: giving a choice between two things★comparable与comparative comparable

There is no scenery comparable to that of the West lake. comparative

He lived in comparative comfort recently. ★politic与political politic political

★beneficial与beneficent

24

beneficial beneficent

★official与officious official officious

★potent与potential potent potential

★confident与confidential confident confidential

★negligent与negligible negligent negligible

★momentary与momentous momentary momentous

★memorable与memorial memorable memorial

★social与sociable social sociable

★childish与childlike childish childlike

★distinct与distinctive distinct: clear

distinctive: characteristic ★comprehensible与comprehensive comprehensible

comprehensive

★disinterested与uninterested disinterested uninterested ★earthly与earthy earthly earthy ★effective efficient

effectual an effectual remedy/punishment ★exceptionable与exceptional exceptionable exceptional

★im (un) practical与impracticable im (un) practical impracticable ★ingenious与ingenuous ingenious ingenuous

★manly、masculine与male manly male masculine

★mysterious与mystical mysterious mystical ★notable与noted notable noted

★practical与practicable practical

26

practicable

★regretful与regrettable regretful) regrettable

★seasonable与seasonal seasonable seasonal

★spiritual与spirituous spiritual spirituous

★tortuous与torturous tortuous torturous

★transitory与transient transitory transient

★elementary与elemental elementary elemental

★healthy与healthful healthy healthful的 ★likely与likable likely likable

★desirable与desirous desirable desirous ★clean与cleanly clean cleanly

Are cats cleanly animals? ★kind与kindly kind kindly

★temporal与temporary temporal temporary 1.

command

: The plight of the famine victims commands everyone's sympathy. commend

Will this government proposal commend itself to the public 4.

commend sth to sb C关联词 1.

If only 2.

only if 3.

Even if 4.

As if 5.

28

What if

6. When: since/although 7.

Since 8.

But for 9.

But that 10.

Now that 11.

Although 12.

Though 13.

Even if 14.

Nevertheless 15.

Nonetheless 16.

Or else 17.

Vice versa 18.

Unless 19.

More than 20.

Better than 21.

Sooner than 22.

Other than 23.

Rather than 24.

Instead of 25.

Indeed 26. Lest

27. As: when/since/as…as…/I know some of the family secrets, young as I am.(让步)/Do as I do (壮从)/Tom is unusually tall, as are his brothers.(倒装)/To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(定语从句)/as for=as to至于(句首)/as much=so/as long as:只要/=while/as such:确切而言

28. Although/while/when 29. What though:

30. Except/aside from/other than: except for+N/except that… 31. But

32. As if/as though: 33. How:

34. Supposing /if

30

35. 36. 37. 38. 39. Whereas/on the other hand/while while: only: therefore hence

翻译词汇

A1熟词僻义

1. allow 2. address 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

advantage appreciate apprehension apprehensive approach arch

argument

10. as

11. assume 12. bottle 13. cater 14. check 15. claim

16. compromise 17. contain 18. context 19. control 20. couch 21. count 22. crack 23. cultivate 24. dictate 25. igest 26. element 27. embarrass 28. exclusive 29. express

30. fare 31. fitting 32. fumble 33. gravity 34. ground 35. harbor 36. husband 37. impart 38. ssue 39. kite 40. lead 41. measure 42. might 43. off

44. outstanding 45. particular 46. phenomenal 47. policy 48. prejudice 49. proceeds 50. prospect 51. ready 51. regimen 52. royalty 53. scale 54. seek 55. sport 56. pot

57. stomach 58. thrust 60. try 61. wild 62. yield 63. peach 64. tap

32

above: beyond 95 T3 P1 L 4 Adapt Against Agree Anchor Angle Argue Associate

Assume

be commited to do

commit sb/sth to sth使某物/某人处于某状态 To commit a man to prison.

commit sb/sth to sth/to doing保证/承诺去作 commit oneself on sth公开发表意见 Betray

blind cp: deaf Borrow Brain Bridge Buy Catch Cement Channel Challenge Check Claim Climate credit学分 credit sth to sb Coin corner

drive sb into corner置某人于困境 turn the corner度过难关 corner-stone cushion减轻 Deny Discipline

drift: import: skeleton

drift/import/skeleton dwell upon Extend family school frontier Hatch History Horizon Introduce Invite Label

arrest: control/ attract Drive Move

Deliberate Flood literally Perform Expose

Minute/mai'nju: t/ Merit wage produce observe reduction tip tailor top dip into pregnant Pedestrian sanction

sneeze: not to be sneezed at click

lash: rap: rip into: slam junk

riot

34

down with mushroom systematic flat tell

B名词单复数异义 art

authority paper security work economy custom brain interest value gut odd ruin chain

expectation liability proceed sanction direction minute particular seed

mechanic humanity element exploit effect capability capacity

名词活用为动词 ACCESS ADDRESS AGE ANGLE APPEAL BAIL BRAND BRIEF BUDGET CHANNEL CONDITION DESERT DETAIL DISCIPLIN EBB ENGINEER FAKE FAULT FINANCE HERALD OCCASION OUTLINE PANT PATCH PATTERN PHASE PINPOINT POOL PROMPT STEREOTYPE

36

Addition Thought Settlement Withdrawal Acknowledgement Relaxation 介词活用为动词 With a view to In accordance with For lack of In proportion to

EX: Scientific discoveries and inventions do not always influence the language in proportion to their importance. Out of proportion to In defiance of Without regard to Against any compromise On account of In answer to By means of At the expense of In agreement with In face of Of necessity On the wrong track Within one'power Off 三词性活用 Subject fancy Fake

Advance Cross Master Model Prompt Prize Rival 望文生义 Instrument Virtue Mercy Innocent Ignorant Stop short of At home in By large Cast light on In lengh Or else

A is behind B. A-B. Cost A B A follows

B. cp: A is followed by B Mistake A for

B. CP/: Take A for B. Subject A to B Substitute A for

B. cp: replace A with B

A can be difference between B. and C

Weigh A against B 难词宝典 Convince

38

Oblige Dawn Occur First Last

Establishment Institution Make Render Survive

no less than; same any the less

none the less; still None but; only None the +比较级; none other than; any more than; All the more; Not more than; ANot more thanB; No more than; No more …than much more;

AND THEN SOME; ALL BUT; FOR ALL; MUCH AS AS MUCH 阅读词汇 A态度词汇

Favorable

Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States… Presumptuous

It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants.

Conventional

Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, (nor) is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team”. Perfectly

If exoeriments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measureable in dollars and cents.

NO 70 The author implies that the results of scientific research A: may not be as profitable as they are expected. Contradiction

Very few writers on the subject have expiored this distinction - indeed, contradiction - which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. Caution

“But”, he cautions “ some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow.

The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to

D: warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered. Contempt But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users Deduce

That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that B: they have been found to share certain geological features. Confuse

Certaintly their descriptions of battles are confused.

Scientists need to repond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Complain

WatchYet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched Envy

Aimmless has hardly been typical of the post-war Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the evny of the United States and Europe.(painful or resentful awareness of advantage enjoyed by another joined with a desire to posses the same advantage. - Wb) Inconclusive

That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain.

Speculative Two other explanations are more speculative.(theoretical rather than demonstrable) Mechanistic

His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term

40

profitability. Now

Now researchers suspect that dreams are partr of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line”

NO 31 Researchers have come to believe that dreams A: can be modified in their courses.

It now appears that they also have an impotant influence on the geophysical process that propel plates across the globe.

NO 69 The hot –spot theory may prove useful in explaining D: the formation of new oceans exemplify

Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to

D: exemplify the division of science and the humanities. suspect

Now researchers suspect that dreams are partr of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line” strong

Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smallers cities and towns away from the busy tourists trails. amaze

Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States….

NO 70 The passage shows that the author is the present situation D: amazed at

likewise/ similarly

Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper…….

NO 52 A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as A: an illustration of how to write an application for a job类比. fortunately

Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade union, at least in all skilled trades, enable the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. by contrast

By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific sign-posts or landmarks along the way incredible

And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new way.

NO 33 What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that C: HE CAN PRODUCE HIS OWN SENTENCES.

Abandon Absurd Accessible Additional Adequate Advocate Ambiguous Appropriate Arbitray Available Besides Challenge Condescending Confirm Debate Demonstrable Discouraging Downplay Encounter Exaggerate Hypothesis Incisive Incomplete Initial Ironic Lighthearted Modest Neglect Normally Original Pervasive

42

Prudent reserved Statistics Survey Unique

Universal 98 no 53 d cp myth 98 t 1 p 4 L1 Unquestioning Verify Wary B商务词汇 boom: soar zoom slump inflation deflation advance cover settle buy out slack interest unemployment re-engineering downsize dismiss discharge acquisition duty dock

press

tap 99 T2 P1

BARGAIN FOR/ON

HAVE A HARD BARGAIN CIRCULATION ALLOWANCES DAMAGES

REDUNDANCY

应用篇

Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.

It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.

Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to idenfity with children who show the least intellectual promise.”

The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal-and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. One place where children soak up A-characteristics is chool, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution.

There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.

Discoveries in sciences and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.'

Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and / or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.

While talking to you, your could-be emplyer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

Again, differences between pople and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. 1，

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not 44

simply an increasing emphasisi on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper 2，.

It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care

In talking to scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.

Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be lamed for discriminating against the “ odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “ work well with the team.”

Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular asdertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to promise of his advertisements. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen a sthe driving force. Fruthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of tis agriculture and industry, and that this in turn sests upom the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds

It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques

We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages

Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can prove a comfortable support to all, people will have to accept more “ unnatural food”.

This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work I must emphasize that I am not making a plea, disguised or otherwise, for the exerise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although I am, in fact, rather critical of certain theories of nonrepresentational art

In the Greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the

rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality. Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of.

Telecommunications developments enable the sending of message via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mails to bombard people with multitudes of messages.

But the cult of the authentic and the personal,”doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music.

Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in built personalities will be regarded as work mates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.

写作 句法 实践篇 基础段 中英文差异

越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 越来越多的人发现法语很难学

意识到：there is a growing awareness / realization of / that, awaken sb. to the fact / danger 人们已经认识到环境污染的危害性

接触各种思想，经历：be exposed to new ideas / experiences / problems 接触到实际问题才发现国企的确需要引进先进管理理念 较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one's life 今天的刻苦学习将使我们成为未来生活的强者 采取措施：take effective steps / measures to 政府采取措施解决人口过多是很有必要的

中级段 A巅峰句型

1被动句

A GET.+V-ED

他们结婚了,但我不知他们什么时候结的 .

我们搬家时把那幅画碰坏了. B. BE.+ADJ.+TO BE DONE.

LIKELY/SURE/CERTAIN/ABOUT/BOUND 我觉得马上要发生可怕的事情 .

46

这事多半还没有通知他. 2. IT句

A IT.+ IS.+形容词/分词/名词/介词词组.+不定式/动名词/从句 我没有能力回答这个问题

这个季节还使草保持绿色真是不容易 .

什么时候英语考试还是个问题. B. IT.+IS.+ADJ/过去分词.+.从句

ADVISABLE/DESIRABLE/ESSENTIAL/IMPORTANT/PREFERABLE/NATURAL/NECESSARY/URGENT/DEMANDED/ORDERED/REQUIRED/SUGGESTED 非常有必要采取有力措施来纠正这种不平等的现象. 人们建议政府应作出努力为菜篮子工程拨款. C. S.+V.+IT.+宾补.+不定式/动名词/从句 全班都认为老师减轻作业是个好主意 你决得在雨中行走不舒服吗? 3否定句之延续否定句

A否定式谓语.+MUCH LESS/STILL LESS

那时的山区连公路都没有,更别提和外界有什么航空联系了.

B否定式谓语.+TO SAY NOTHING OF/LET ALONE/NOT TO SPEAK OF/NOT TO MENTION/WITHOUT MENTIONING

那辆车已坐了六个人,更不必说还有一堆行李了. 4感叹句

FANCY.+动名词

试想由于网络成瘾对青少年所造成的各种伤害吧. 5时间句型

A SCARCELY/HARDLY…WHEN/BEFORE….+主句 我一到就有新问题要处理.

B. NO SOONER…THAN….+主句 做了那事我立刻感到后悔

C肯定/否定句.+UNTIL/TILL.+状从 他们一直等到火车停了下来 直到你答应帮他们,他们才会走 .

D. NOT UNTILL-状从.+倒装 直到孩子入睡,妈妈才离开房间 E IT IS NOT UNTIL-状从.+THAT 妈妈是在孩子入睡后才离开房间的. 6条件句型

A主句.+BEFORE-从句

人类首先必须吃喝,住房,穿衣,而后才能从事政治,科学,艺术宗教等活动. B. BUT FOR/BUT THAT.

要不是下雨,我们的旅行就惬意了 .

7原因句型

A NOT THAT/BECAUSE-…BUT THAT/BECAUSE 我来晚了不是因为交通阻塞,而是因为车出了故障. B形容词短语,…

Glad/sorry/afraid/content/proud/happy/thankful/surprised/ashamed/shocked/disappointed/annoyed/delighted/pleased

看到十几岁的孩子吸烟,我很震惊.

C. WHAT BY/WITH/FOR/THROUGH…, AND WHAT BY/WITH/FOR/THROUGH…,主句 一方面因为天气不好,一方面因为负载过重,船延误抵港了. 8结果句型

A WITH THE RESULT THAT

他们对问题进行了详细的讨论,最终取得了相互谅解. B. ONLY TO DO.

他们花了很长的时间谈判加薪的问题,结果却被辞退了. 9反正面目的句型

A FOR FEAR THAT/OF… 她很担心,怕孩子受到伤害. B. SEE TO IT THAT.

我们一定要确保离开办公室前把所有的灯关了 C. WITH A VIEW /AN EYE TO. 他经常练习是为了提高听力 D. TO THE END THAT.

轮船上到处都具备有救生圈,为的是一旦发生事故乘客可以得救. E ON PURPOSE TO DO…

我这样做就是为了让大家满意. 10择比句型 BEFORE

EX; She will use the telephone before she will put pen on paper BETTER.+TO.+v/v….+than.+

EX; Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness Sooner than.+v…. would.+do

EX; Sooner than do such work, I would starve. 比喻句型

A NO MORE.+A.+THAN B

Radiation was not thought to be a part of matter any more than sound is a part of the bell.= Radiation was no more than thought to be a part of matter than sound is a part of the bell. NOT.+A.+ANY MORE THAN.+B B. NO LESS.+A.+THAN B.

48

Our village is no less beautiful than this picture.

B独立主格

1. Sas Sms 2. no conj

3. logic relation A1 CAUSE

Alice being used to that kind of life, it is hard for her to adjust to the change. No more questions being available, they put the end to the meeting. 由于很多董事缺勤,董事长不得不延期举行.

所有的航班都因风暴而取消,他们只得乘火车去那儿. A2 CONDITION

All things considered, the planned trip has to be called off.

The meat cooked in the wine, you will find it tastes much better. 天气可以的话,本周日我们去郊游. 若时间允许的话,我们离开前去看看他. A3 ACCOMPANIMENT

He sat in front of the desk, his mind wandering.

The poor man stood by the window, his hands covered with blood. 他们一动不动地站在那儿,眼睛盯着那幅画. 我们把船划向海边,一位渔民做我们的向导. A4 RESULT

The teacher lectured on this boring topic without any emotion, quite a number of students already fast asleep when he finished.

我们离开了会场,因为留下来显然没有什么意义 了.

他们很晚才回去,到家时妈妈已经睡着了. A5 WITH/WITHOUT A5-1 with +adj

With crops ripe, the farmers started to worry about the price 那辆车在停车场爆炸了,现场一个别也没有. A5-2 WITH +INFINITIVE

With the volunteer to help them, the old couple will live happily for the rest of the life.

Without his collection of problems to be published this year, he would not be nominated the most talented poet.

我如果不补贴你,单靠你的收入,恐怕应付不来.

今年建设计划实施后,这一带将成为城市的商业中心之一. A5-3 WITH+PPed

With the road widened, the traffic is not so heavy as it used to be. 碗橱里什么也没有,她只好出去吃东西.

二手货的出售通常在户外进行,人们坐在长凳,椅子,箱子上 A5-4 WITH+Pping

The young man fell asleep quickly, with the certificate of marriage lying under his pillow. 由于刮风和气温下降,人们只好呆在家里. 河流被污染了,里面没有一条鱼.

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