青少版新概念1A教案
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Unit1 Meet the family!认识一下我们全家吧
句型与结构词 ? ? ? ? ? My name is… Is this your / my pen? Yes ,it is. / No,it isn’t. Whose is this pen? It is / It’s my / your pen. 课文注释:
图1:Hello! — 标准的非正式问候语,用于问候初次见面的人、朋友和熟人。
My name is William Jenkins. William Jenkins在英文中,名在前,姓在后。所有名字(专有名词) 的首字母都要大写。
Is —(第三人称单数现在时)动词be的现在时第三人称单数形式。 图2:this — 指示代词,用于指近处的人或物。
My wife — 第一人称物主形容词+名词
图3:How do you do? — 正式、礼貌用语。用于问候初次见面的人。用how do you do来回答。 图4:Lucy’s=Lucy is切记This is不能缩写。
图5:My son, Robert. — 这个陈述句中有两个补语:My son和Robert这两个名词指的是同一个人,
第二个名词说明了第一个名词的一些情况。二者是同位语。书写时,同位的名词之间要用逗号。 your—第二人物主形容词
图6:Nice to meet you! — 固定短语,用于非正式的介绍,用于回答Hi! 其它:whose — 疑问代词
no 与not的区别(稍微提一提,让学生以后读句子有方向性地培养语感)以下只是备注,不详讲。
not副词。用在be动词,情态动词,助动词之后。Is not/can not/do not not可位于动名词、现在分词和不定式符号to之前,构成其否定形式。 Not doing/not done/not to
not可以与every,both,all等词连用,意为“并非,不都是”,表示部分否定Not every/not both/not all
no用作副词
1、no置于可数名词单数前面时,相当于not a;放在可数名词复数前面或不可数名词前时,相当于not any,意为“没有的,全无的”、“远非的、完全不是的”。 2、no用于命令或标牌中,意为“禁止的”。例如:No smoking.禁止吸烟。
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3、no用于“there is no doing”结构中,意为“不可能”。
There is no expecting what will happen.无法预料会发生什么事情。 4、no可与body, thing等词构成复合代词。nobody/nothing 句型讲解 陈述句
主语 My name This 一般疑问句 动词be Is 特殊疑问句 主语 Whose 动词be is 补语 this pen? 回答 It is / It’s my pen. 主语 it 补语 my / your pen? 回答 Yes, it is. / No, it is not. 动词be is 补语 William Jenkins. my family. 肯定句:It is my pen. 否定句:It is not my pen. 一般疑问句:Is it my pen? 特殊疑问句:Whose is this pen? 听力:
b) 1 Hello! Is your name Lucy? 2 How do you do?
3 Hello! Is your name Robert? 4 Hello! My name’s William Jenkins. 5 My name’s Grace. How do you do? 6 How do you do? My name’s Alan. 7 My name’s Karen. Hello! 8 Hello! Is your name Robert? 9 How do you do? This is Paul. 10 My name’s Paul. How do you do? 答案:1 6
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Unit2 What is it?它是什么?
句型与结构词 ? ? ? ? ? What is this /that? This / That / It is a hat / an umbrella. It is a red umbrella. Whose is it? It’s Robert’s. What colour is it? It’s green. 课文注释:
图1:What is it?— 当补语是人称代词(he,she,it)时,不能使用缩略形式。 图2:It’s green. — (不是It’s a green)只有名词前需要加冠词。
a/an+单数名词(不定冠词)a用于辅音前,an用于元音前。(元音、辅音指的是音标) No, it isn’t. — 我们倾向于使用缩略形式isn’t而不是is not。 It’s a (green) hat. — 形容词放在冠词和名词之间。 图3:Now look! — now用法与Hey!相同,用于吸引人注意。
图5:that — 单数指示代词,指代在时间和空间上有一定距离的事物。
grey/gray第一种拼写方法通常用于英式英语中;第二种拼写方法通常用于美式英语中,两种写法都正确。
图6:Right ! — 感叹句,表示同意(=You are right)。
其它:what — 疑问代词,对表语进行提问,用于询问自己不知道的事物。 What colour — 疑问词,引导的特殊疑问句式用于询问颜色。
bicycle/bike — 意思是相同的,但拼写不一样。前者书面化一些,后者口语化一些。 colour / color — 意思一样,但拼写不同。前者英式,后者美式。
camera = photocamera this和that的用法及区别: 1、当指物时
this指近物,that指远物,it没有远近之分。
在回答this和that作主语的疑问句时,常用it 代替this和that。 陈述在一起的两样东西时,应先说this,后说that。 2、当指人时
在交际中,介绍某人时,用this或that,而不用it。回答在特殊疑问句中作主语指“人”的this或that时,答语仍用this或that,不用it。在电话用语中,“我”和“你”,不用I和you,而用this和that,此时的this,that可以用it代替。This is无缩略形式。
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句型讲解 陈述句
主语 This It 一般疑问句 动词be Is 特殊疑问句
主语 What Whose 动词be is is 补语 this / that it? the silver bicycle? Lucy’s hat? 回答 It is / It isn’t a pen. It is / It’s Robert’s. 主语 it 补语 a bird? 回答 Yes, it is. / No, it is not. 动词be is is / isn’t 补语 good. a hat / a green hat. What colour is It is / It’s Robert’s. 肯定句:It/This is my pen. 否定句:It/This is not my pen. 一般疑问句:Is it/this my pen? 特殊疑问句:What is it/this/that?
Whose is this pen?
What colour is your camera?
听力:1 This is my family. 8 A:Is it a bird? 2 This is Karen. B:Yes,it’s a silver bird. 3 My name’s Lucy. 9 A:Is it a hat. 4 Lucy’s my daughter. B:No,it’s a table. 5 What’s this? 10 A:What colour is it? 6 It’s a flower. B:It’s red. 7 A:Is it a red umbrella? B:No,it’s a blue umbrella.
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Unit3 Who’s that?那个人是谁?
句型与结构词 ? ? ? ? ? Who is that boy? Which boy? The boy on / in / with the… Is Robert’s / Lucy’s bicycle silver? His / Her bicycle is red. 课文注释:
图1:Who? — 用于确认某人身份的疑问词。 Who is / Who’s… — 缩略形式较为常用。
… that boy, Polly? — 在说话对象与句子其余部分之间要用逗号隔开。 That boy / that man — that+名词,用于指有一定距离的人或物。
图1和图2:Which boy? / Which man? — 用which问“多个中的哪一个”,回答可以用That boy,
或者The boy + 限定短语来表达,限定短语如:on the silver bicycle.
图2:The man with the black umbrella — 这里使用the man是因为后面的限定短语(with the black
umbrella);the black umbrella里使用the是因为形容词(black)说明了是哪一把伞。 with the black umbrella=carrying the black umbrella
Mr. Jenkins — Mr.是对男性的称呼语,与姓连用而不与名连用。总是用缩略式。在称呼某人时单
独使用Mr.,而不与姓连用是很粗俗、无礼的。 He’s Robert’s father — he,指男性的人称代词。
Robert’s / Lucy’s — ’s表示所有格。(而在it’s, he’s, who’s, what’s, that’ 中,’s表示缩略形式:它
代替的是完整形式中的一个或几个字母。
图3:Mrs. Jenkins — Mrs.是对已婚女性的称呼语,与姓连用。在称呼某人时单独使用Mrs.,而不与
姓连用是很粗俗、无礼的。
Mr /Mrs还是Mr. / Mrs. — 两种拼写方式都正确;只是一种风格上的选择。句点表示缩写,一
些人仍然坚持这样用。因为这些“缩略式”现在是“唯一”的形式,许多人认为没有必要再加句点了。
She’s Robert’s mother. — she,指女性的人称代词。
图4:on the red bicycle — 骑车人骑在自行车“上面”,所以用on。 图5:in that old car — “inside”(在里面),司机坐在车内,所以用in。 图6:too=also也 — 它通常放在动词短语的后面。 That’s right — 表示同意、认可。
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句型与结构词: ? ? ? ? ? My / Your shirts are white. Are your shirts white? —Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. What color are your shirts? —They are / They're white. Put my shirts / Put them in the washing machine. Regular noun plurals规则的名词复数形式: pyjamas, dogs, bags, shirts, cats, socks 课文注释:
题目:Red, white and?pink!—代表英国的颜色是红色,白色和蓝色,所以红—白—蓝象征与英国有
关的事物。这里使用pink而不用blue是一种文字游戏。
图1:pyjamas—They are bright red! pyjamas是a pair of pyjamas的缩略语:没有单数形式,相应的
代词和动词也要用复数。注意复数词尾的发音:在元音后面-s发/z/音。拼写:英式英语拼作 pyjamas;美式英语拼作pajamas。两种拼写方式都正确。
bright red—复合形容词。bright是个形容词=“shining/reflecting light”,如:the bright sun。
但是,我们也用bright来强调表示颜色的形容词:bright red,bright yellow,bright green;在表示颜色的形容词前通常不用very。
a bit dirty—a bit,程度副词,与表语形容词(即用在动词后面的形容词)连用以减弱其程度,=
“slightly”(有点儿)。
Here are Paul’s pyjamas—在以Here开头表示地点的句子中,名词主语( Paul’s pyjamas/Dad’s
shirts)放在动词的后面:Here is+单数名词主语,Here are+复数名词主语。(比较Here it is,见第15课:代词作主语时不倒装。)
图2:shirts—注意名词复数的发音:-s在/t/后发清辅音/s/。
pure white—复合形容词。pure是一个形容词,通常用来修饰名词,但是在此处,它加强white
的程度。(比较wide-awake)
图5:Two lovely clean shirts!—lovely没有clean具体。当名词前面有两个形容词时,不太具体的形容
词放在前面,更具体的形容词紧挨着名词放在名词前面。
其它: 一、介词
1、at的用法:at作地点介词时表示“就在旁边”。
She is at her desk. 她在她的旁边。 He is at the door. 他在门口。 2、near的用法:near=not far表示“近的,不远的”。
The school is near the railway station. 学校在火车站附近。 There is a river near my house. 我的房子旁边有一条河。 3、二者的区别
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at意思是“在……附近”,实际距离就是近,我们所用的at the door,at the desk中at就表示“just
outside”(就在外面),“just behind”(就在后面)这种意思。
near的意思是“在……附近”,实际距离不一定远或近,取决于说话者。例如,你认为2公里是“近”,
他认为10米是“近”。 二、there be结构
英语中there+be结构表示“某处(或时间)有某人或某物”的意思。there是引导词,本身无词义 be为谓语动词,它后面的名词用作主语,两者必须取得数的一致,句子最后是地点(时间)状语。 1、结构:There be+名词+地点/时间状语。
There is a dog under the bed. 床下有一条狗。
a dog为主语,there is表示“有”,under the bed为地点状语。 There is a noise in the living-room. 客厅里面有动静。 a noise为主语,there is表示有,in the living-room为地点状语。 2、一般疑问句结构:Be there+名词+地点/时间状语? there be句型的一般疑问句将be提到句子最前面即可。 肯定回答:Yes, there+be. 否定回答:No, there+be+not. Is there s noise in the living-room? 客厅里有动静吗?
Yes, there is. / No, there is not. 是的,客厅里有。/不,客厅里没有。
3、临近原则:当主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时,be动词应该与临近的那个主语保持数的一致,
这叫作临近原则。
There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌子上有一支铅笔和两本书。 There is two books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有两本书和一支铅笔。 三、定冠词the的用法
定冠词the表示某一类人或事物中的“某一人”或“某一些”,相当于汉语中的“这”或“那”。定冠词the可以修饰可数名词单数和复数和不可数名词,但是不可数名词表类别时前面不加the。 1、特指某(些)人或某(些)物。
The book on the desk is an English dictionary. 书桌上的那本书是一本英语词典。 2、指听话人与说话人彼此所熟悉的人或事。
Close the door, please! 请关上门!(双方都知道的那个门) 3、复述上文提到过的人或事物。
There is a dress on the bed. The dress is red. 床上有件连衣裙,它是红色的。 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位的名词前。
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球和月亮,哪一个最大?
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听力:
This old house is near the river. Look at it. It’s quite a big house, and it’s old. There are twelve rooms in this house, but we can see four rooms. Look at the four rooms. The bathroom is empty, but the other three rooms are not. There are three people in the house. There are two people downstairs, and there is someone upstairs, too. Who are these people?
Look at the kitchen. The kitchen is downstairs. There is a cup of coffee on the table in the kitchen, And there’s a woman in the kitchen, too. Who is it?Ah, yes! It’s Dora. Dora is a housewife and a teacher. Now look at the living-room. There is someone in the living-room. Who is it? Ah, yes, that’s James. He’s Dora’s husband. He’s at his desk. He’s a writer, and he’s busy. But listen!
There’s a noise upstairs. What’s that noise? Ahh! There’s someone upstairs. There is someone in Dora’s and James’s bedroom. Who is it?
Dora and James are here. Their son, William, is at school. Their daughter, Ann, is at college. The children are not in the house. So what is that noise? What is that noise in the bedroom? I’m not sure. Are you sure? Who is upstairs? You decide! 听力:答案
1 The people downstairs are Dora and James. 2 Dora is in the kitchen. James is in the living-room. 3 The person upstairs is a burglar. 写问题
1 Who is Karen? 2 What is/What’s that?
3 Who is/Who’s the woman in the yellow taxi? 4 How are you? 5 What do you do?
6 Who is/Who’s that girl voer there? 7 Which is your favourite pen? 8 Where is/Where’s my new book? 9 Where are my shirts?
10 What colour are Robert’s new socks?
Unit10 Jump in! 上车吧!
句型与结构词:
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? ? ? ? ? Is your bag / Are your bags full? my, you, his, her, our, your, their My bag is / My bag's full. My bags are full. More regular noun plurals: cameras, cars, books 课文注释:
题目:Jump in! — 祈使句。 图1:Hurry up! — 祈使句。
Here’s the bus — 在here后面主语和动词要倒装;the — 表示特指的定冠词=“we both know
which bus”(我们都知道是哪辆车)。Wait a minute! — 固定短语。
My bag is/ bag’s — 在不需要重读的情况下,我们可以在形容词前面把is缩写成’s。 图2:Oh,no! — 表示沮丧。Oh,dear! — 表示遗憾或沮丧。
Our school buses are all full — our,第一人称复数物主形容词;all — 分配形容词(distributive adjective),描述our buses。All放在动词be后面。
图3-5:books,bags 名词变复数的规则变化形式是在词尾加-s(见第17课shirts,pyjamas)。规
则变化的名词复数词尾在/k/音后面读作/s/,如在books中。在/g/音后面读作/z/,如在bags中。
图3:in your bag — in,地点介词=“inside”(在里面)
图4:the buses — 定冠词与名词复数连用表示特指:表示“you know which buses I mean”(你知道我
指的是哪些车)。
图5:Gee! — 表示吃惊的感叹词。They are heavy! — 由于Claire很吃惊,are要重读。 full of — 表语形容词+介词,固定搭配。当这些“固定搭配”出现时,学生应该及时掌握。 books/people — 一般来说,复数名词前不加冠词。
people 不规则变化的复数形式。(person的复数通常是people而不是persons。)
图6:Never mind! — 固定短语=“please don’t worry about it”(别担心),用于提供问题的解决办法。 Mom — 美式英语;英式英语中是Mum。
with the car — with最常用的意思是“in the company of”(和……在一起)。但是在更深的层次上,
with的意思是“用”或者“可供使用”。如果Claire指的是她妈妈所在的车,她会说in the car;但是她说的是with the car,因为车子是“available for use”(可供使用)。 Jump in,and put your bags in,too! — 祈使句,固定用法。 其它: 一、介词 1、with的用法
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(1)表示“和……在一起” Would you like to go with me? 你愿意和我一起去吗? (2)表示“具有,带有”
He is a handsome boy with large bright eyes. 他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。
【注】“with(+形容词)+名词”构成的介词短语可作定语,放在其所修饰名词的后面,表示名词的特征。
(3)表示“可供使用” Here’s my Mom with the car. 我妈妈开车来了。 2、be full of有用法
full表示“满的,饱的”,of是一个常用的介词,与be full连用构成介词短语,意思是“充满, 装满”, 后面加名词作宾语。 The shop is full of people. 商店里有很多人。 总结:答案
Lucy’s bag is heavy. Robert’s bag is heavy, too. The school buses are all full. Their bags are full of books, and the buses are full of people. Claire’s Mom’s car is empty. 听力:
Karen: Lucy! Lucy! Is that you?
Lucy: Yes, Mum! I’m upstairs. Just a minute!
Karen: Oh, Lucy, there you are! Oh, dear! Where’s my bag? Lucy: Here it is! Look, Mum, here’s your bag, on the chair.
Karen: Thank you. Lucy! Oh, dear! Where are my car keys? And my pen! Where’s my pen?... Oh, good, here it is! That’s the pen! Now — what about my keys? Lucy: It’s OK, Mum. Look! Your car keys are on the table.
Karen: Oh, thank you, Lucy! What about my house keys? And where’s my mobile?
Lucy: Look, Mum. It’s all OK. Please don’t worry! Here are your car keys. Your house keys are in your bag. Your mobile’s here in your bag. Just go! You’re fine! Karen: Oh, Lucy, thank you! But Lucy, what about the cat?
Lucy: The cat? Oh, Mum! The cat’s fine! Please don’t worry about the cat! It’s all OK. Please just go! 答案:
1、Karen’s bag’s on the chair. 4、Karen’s mobile is in her bag, too. 2、Karen’s car keys are on the table. 5、The cat’s fine. 3、Karen’s house keys are in her bag. 6、There isn’t a problem.
Unit11 Very smart! 真神气!
句型与结构词:
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? ? ? ? ? this, these, that, those Is this / that Robert's tie? —Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. Are these / those Paul's ties? —Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. Is this / that your tie? —No, it isn't my tie. It's Robert's. Are these / those your books? —No, they aren't my books. They're Karen's. 课文注释:
图1:These — this的复数形式,指示代词(比较This is my family,见第1课)。
outfits — 加-s构成的复数形式,-s在/t/后读作/s/。outfit意为“一整套衣服或设备”。 for — 介词,表示具体的用途或情境。
the school play — play,名词,意为“a piece of theatre”
smart — smart暗含的意思是“apt for the purpose”(适当的,恰当的),所以我们用它来表
示“well-dressed/well-presented”(穿得好,穿戴得体);它也有“suitably clever”(聪明的)的意思。
elegant =“appropriate and graceful”(得体而优雅的) 图2:um — 表示说话时因犹豫而停顿。
It — 单数代词:It’s very colourful. It’s my favourite tie. — It回指tie。
图3:funny — funny的基本含义是“odd”(奇怪的)或“incongruent”(不相符的,不合适的)。因
此,funny可以指“strange”(奇怪的)或“langhable”(可笑的)。此处就是“奇怪的”意思。 shoes — 单数是shoe,复数是shoes。规则的复数形式,复数词尾-s在元音后读作/ z/。 funny shoes — 复数名词,指代一类事物时前面不加冠词(单数形式是a funny shoe)。 a bit big for you — a bit,程度副词,与表语形容词连用减轻其程度=“slightly”(有点儿)。 big for/right for — big和right与for构成固定搭配。
图4:all right=OK。在以英语为母语的人的信件、报道以及其他非正式文件中,读者可能会见到“alright”
的形式,但是,这种用法不正规,应该避免使用。 part — 名词=“character in a play”(剧中角色)。
图5:Where? 疑问副词(比较Where’s she from?)。…are my new shoes?复数动词are与复数主语
new shoes一致。
They aren’t — 我们可以用缩略式aren’t来代替are not。 in — 地点介词:“in that location”(在那个地方)。
图6:socks — 规则复数形式;复数词尾-s在/k/后发/s/音(比较books)。 其它: 指示代词
表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。
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指示代词包括:this、that、these、those等。详见下表: this 复数形式是those that 复数形式是those 1、基本用法
(1)作主语:This is a good idea. These are Lucy’s books. (2)作表语:What I want is that/this. What I want are these/those. (3)作宾语:You like this, but I like that.
(4)作定语:What is the use of those books? Those socks are Robert’s. 【注】This is an old tree.(this作主语)=This tree is old.(this作定语) 2、特殊用法
(1)that和those的替代:为了避免重复,可用that和those代替前面提到过的事物。但是this和
these一般不可用于这种替代。(this和these侧重于指下的面将要讲到的事物) (2)this、that的替代:this、that有时可代替句子或句中的一部分。 【注】that作主语,代替前面讲到的原因。 总结:答案
Lucy and Robert’s outfits for the school play are very smart. Robert’s tie is interesting, very colourful and unusual. His shoes are funny. They are right for the part. The tie and shoes are not Robert’s. They are Paul’s. The socks are Paul’s, too.
指在时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物 指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物 Unit12 Just like you! 就像你一样!
句型与结构词:
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? Look at that man / those men. ? Look at him / her / them. ? He's a postman. / She's an actress. ? They're workmen. / They're actresses. ? That man is a student. / Those people are office workers. ? 不规则变化的名词复数形式: men, women, workmen, children, people 课文注释:
题目:Just like you! — 固定短语。
图1:Daddy — Dad的亲密称呼形式,特别是由小孩儿或女孩儿使用。
show me — 像give一样,show 也是双宾语动词:此处间接宾语是me,直接宾语是the
drawing。习惯用语。
drawings — 规则变化的名词复数。词尾在/η/音后读作/z/。
honey — 家庭成员以及亲密朋友之间的称呼,特别是年长者对年幼者的称呼。 图2:all — 分配词,修饰they,放在动词be后面。
Hmm — 在交谈中发出的一种声音,表示“I’m thinking”(我正在思考)。
图3:with the big muscles 比较with the car,见第19课,以及with the white umbrella,见第5课。 图4:who are these little men? Little的意思是“not large in any dimension”(任何维度都不大);因
此,不高,也不宽。
they are both small — both,分配词,修饰they,用在动词be后面(比较all,见第15课和第
19课);small的反义词是big。
gymnasts 规则变化的名词复数,在/t/音后读作/s/。比较outfits。
图5:He’s a handsome young man 同年龄相比,外表较不具体,因此,handsome放在young的前
面。
图6:maybe — 副词,通常放在句首或者句尾。 great — 形容词,表示比good还要好。 其它: 形容词顺序
多个形容词修饰名词,通常要有先后次序。一般要按照修饰名词的形容词的具体程度进行排列,较具 体的形容词靠近其所修饰的名词。
He is a handsome young man. 他是一个英俊的年轻人。 年龄比相貌更具体,所以young放在handsome之后。
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It’s a lovely small dog. 这是一只可爱的小狗。 大小与可爱相比更加具体,所以small放在lovely之后。 总结:答案
The people in Claire’s drawing are people at the sports academy. The tall man with the big muscles is Mr. Ford. The two little men are Gary and Tom. They are strong. They are gymnasts. The handsome young man is Paul. 听力: 对话1:
A: Oh, Good morning, Daisy! Nice to see you! B: Hello, Karen! Am I early? Are you very busy?
A: No, no! You’re welcome. It’s very nice to see you. Come in! let’s have a cup of coffee. B: Thanks! That’s nice. Gee, I’m thirsty!
A: I’m thirsty, too. Come into the living-room, Daisy. Give me your coat.
B: Thanks, Karen. What a cold day it is! But it’s nice and warm in the house. Now, Karen, tell me about you. How are you, honey? 对话2:
A: Good morning, madam. B: Good morning.
A: There’s a package here for Mrs. James. Are you Mrs. James? B: Yes, that’s me. Show me the package.
A: Here it is. Look. ‘Mrs. Ann James’. That’s you, is it? B: Yes.
A: Write your name here, please. B: Here, in this window?
A: That’s right. Good! Thanks, now. Have a nice day! B: Thanks. You have a nice day, too! 对话3:
A: Oh, Good morning, doctor. Please come in. B: Good morning, Mrs. Jenkins.
A: Thank you for coming, doctor. You’re very busy, I’m sure. B: That’s all, Mrs. Jenkins. Your young Robert’s ill, is he? A: Well, perhaps not very ill. But he’s hot, and he’s not well…
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B: Better safe than sorry! Where is he? A: He’s upstairs. He’s in bed. B: Let’s go and see him.
A: Yes, of course. Please come upstairs, doctor.
B: Hello, there, young man! How are you today? Poor Robert! You aren’t very bright today, are you? 答案:2
句型与结构词:
Unit13 Late or early 30
晚了还是早了
? What time is it? / What's the time? ? It's one o'clock / twelve o'clock. ? Are you and Robert hot? Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. ? We are / We're (both) hot. 课文注释:
图1:Come on — 固定短语。What time is it? — 固定用法。
It’s eight o’clock. — 习惯用语。这里使用It是因为英语句子中必须有一个主语。我们把it的这
种用法叫做“虚主语”,因为它满足了语法要求,但并不指某个具体的名词。 图2:kids — 规则变化的名词复数,在/d/后读作/z/。
for school — 固定短语。如果表示school的一般目的(即“去上学” ),那么前面不加冠词。
也就是说,如果指学校这所建筑物,就用the school;如果指众多学校中的一所学校,就用a school;但指school的“总体的常见”目的时不用冠词:for school。 图3:Call me Daisy, please — me,宾格代词,放在call的后面。 图4:Let’s go — Let’s+不定式表示第一人称复数的祈使句。
What a speed/car! — What a/an+单数名词,表示惊奇、羡慕、赞同/不赞同等感叹。
图5:The school gates — the,表示特指的定冠词;school gates,复合名词;第一个名词school说明
第二个名词gates的所属对象。
gates — 规则变化的复数,-s在/t/音后读作/s/。
图6:We’re both early now — both,分配词,修饰we;放在动词be的后面;now,时间副词;通常
放在句子或从句的末尾。 其它: 一、询问时间
询问时间通常有以下两种表示方法: What time is it? What’s the time?
【注】对整点的回答,我们只要将整数 + o’clock,o’clock是“of the clock”的缩写形式。 二、感叹句
表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情时,我们就用感叹句。句尾用感叹号“!”,用降调。 句型:What+名词(或形容词+名词)+陈述句(主语+谓语)! What a beautiful city it is! 这是一个多么美丽的城市啊!
在某些感叹句中只保留了what+名词(或形容词+名词)部分,但它表达了一个完整感叹句的内涵。 三、both的用法
both是一个分配词,意为“两个”、“两个都”,可以用作形容词、代词或副词,在句中可作主语、宾
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语或同位语。
Both are right. 两者都对。(作主语) I like both. 两个我都喜欢。(作宾语) 1. both大多数放在系动词之后,其它动词之前。 His parents are both workers. 他的父母都是工人。 They both like reading. 他们都喜欢读书。
2. both可与and构成并列连词,连接两个性质相同并在句中作相同成分的并列结构。 Both he and his brother are good at English.(连接两个主语) 他和他弟弟都很擅长英语。 She can both dance and sing.(连接两个谓语动词) 她既能跳也能唱。 Mary is both kind and beautiful.(连接两个表语) 玛丽既善良又漂亮。 总结:答案
It is eight o’clock. Lucy and Robert are in a hurry. They are both late for school. Now they are in Daisy’s car. They are at the school gates now. the gates are shut. Lucy and Robert are both early now. 听力:
Linda: Hello, Paul! How are you? Paul: Hi, Mum. I’m fine. How are you? Linda: I’m fine. Paul: How’s Dad?
Linda: Your father’s fine, too. Tell me about you, Paul. Are you happy at the sports academy? Paul: Yes, Mum. I’m very happy. It’s very good. My friends are all great. Linda: That’s nice. Tell me about your friends.
Paul: Well, there are two gymnasts, Gary and Tom. They are good friends. Then there’s Claire. Linda: Claire? Who is she?
Paul: Claire’s a student at the art college. Her family’s new here, like me. They’re our neighbours. Linda: Where are they from?
Paul: Washington. They’re American. Claire’s mother and Karen are great friends. Linda: And you and Claire are friends, are you? Paul: Yes, we are. She’s very nice, Mum.
Linda: That’s wonderful, Paul. Now, Paul, tell me. What about your socks, shirts and pyjamas?
Paul: Oh Mum! This is silly! I’m your son, and I’m in your sister’s house! My pyjamas are clean. My socks are
clean. My shirts are clean. I’m just fine. Please don’t worry!
Linda: Yes, Paul. You’re right. OK, Paul. Give my love to Karen and William and the kids. Bye now. lots of love.
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Bye, bye!
Paul: OK, Mum. Thanks. Lots of love to you and Dad. Bye, Mum. 听力:
Paul’s fine. He’s very happy at the sports academy. It’s very good. His friends are great. His friends’ names are Gary, Tom and Claire. Claire’s a student at the art college. Her family is from Washington. They’re American. Claire’s mother and Karen are great friends. Paul’s pyjamas, socks and shirts are all clean. Paul is just fine.
Unit14 句型与结构词:
One,two,three,catch! 33
一、二、三、接住!
? Give me / us / him / her / them a glass / two glasses, please. ? Which one? / Which ones? ? The small one / The big ones on / beside / in / under / in front of / behind ... ? Can you give me ...? ? I can't catch it. 课文注释:
图1:Give me — (比较give me the ruler)
Please — 表示礼貌请求的标识语;通常放在主语前面,或者句子末尾。当它放在句尾的时候,
前面要加一个逗号。
Which jar —(比较Which boy / which man?我们用which来表示从一个以上的人或事物中识别
出一个。)
图2:This one? — No, not that one. The one on the table. The empty one — this,that和the都是“限
定词”;也就是说,它们说明了是“哪一个”。不定代词one代替名词jar。 图3和图6:Here you are — 当主语是代词时,here后面无需主谓倒装。 图4:Stop — 祈使句。
图5:I can’t catch it! — can’t catch的意思是“am physically unable to catch”(从体力上讲没有能力
抓住)。
Bring it here! — 祈使动词+代词宾语;it,单数中性宾格代词,回指jar。 其它:
一、用give提出请求
1. 以动词原形give开头的祈使句表示“给某人某物”。 Give me a book, please. 请给我一本书。 Give him a knife, please. 请给他一把刀子。
【注】please是表示礼貌请求的标识语;通常放在主语前面,或者句子末尾。当它放在句尾的时候,
前面要加一个逗号。
2. 提出请求也可以用情态动词can。
Can you give me a glass, please? = Give me a glass, please. 请给我一个杯子。 【注】情态动词can提出请求比用普通的祈使句听起来更加礼貌。 二、不定代词one和ones
1. one/ones用来代替前面出现过的可数名词,以避免重复。
one/ones既可指人,也可指物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。其中one代替单数,ones代替复数。
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— Look at that boy! 看那个男孩! — Which one? 哪一个? — The one wearing a blue sweater. 穿着蓝色毛衣的那一个。
Which boxes are bigger, these ones or those ones? 哪些盒子更大一些,这些还是那些? 2. one/ones的修饰词
One的前面可以用the,this,that,which这些限定词修饰,同时one和ones还可以用形容词来修饰。不定代词指明是什么类别,限定词说明了是“哪一个”。
There are three pens,which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil box? 这里有三支铅笔,哪一只是你的?这支?那支?还是在铅笔盒里的那支?
I have two old bikes,but he has two new ones. 我有两辆旧自行车型,他有两辆新的。 3. it和one,ones在用法上的不同
it用来指特定的东西,只能代替单数名词。it只能用来指物,它所指的特定东西是前面提到的某物,也即指代替的是同类同物。
one和ones代替前面提到的名词(人或物),并不特指(如特指需要加限定词this,that,the等)。one代替单数名词,ones代替复数名词。one和ones是泛指,是同类异物。 三、方位介词
方位介词是指示地点方位的介词,一般包括on,in,under,behind,beside,in front of。 on表示“在??上面”,一般和物体的表面相接触。a book on the table桌上的书 in表示“在??里面”。 a pen in the pencil box铅笔盒里的钢笔 under表示“在??下面”。 a pair of shoes under the shelf架子下面的鞋 behind表示“在??后面”。 a cat behind the car车子后面的猫 beside表示“在??旁边”。 a knife beside the plate盘子旁边的刀子 in front of表示“在??前面”,是在所指物体的前面,而不是前部。 a tree in front of the house房子前面的树(树在房子的外部) in the front of是在所指物体的前部
the blackboard in the front of the classroom教室前部的黑板(黑板在教室的内部) 听力:
Daisy: There’s someone at the door, Jack. Who is it? Jack: It’s the postman.
Daisy: The postman? Is he early, or am I late? Jack: He isn’t early, Daisy. Daisy: Oh no! What’s the time? Jack: It’s ten o’clock.
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Daisy: Ten o’clock! Don’t tell me that! Jack: Why, Daisy, what’s the matter?
Daisy: Robert and Lucy are in the school play today. Their outfits are in my car. Oh, Jack, their outfits are
funny! Robert’s a great actor! Well, he’s my favourite — but Lucy’s funny, too. They are great! Just wait and see!
Jack: Daisy, are you in a hurry or not?
Daisy: Yes, honey. I am in a hurry. I’m a bit late, but it’s OK. I’m not very late. Let me see…now! Here I go!
Bye—bye, Jack! Have a nice day! Jack: Bye, Daisy! Be careful now, honey! 答案
1 It’s the postman at the door. 2 He isn’t early. 3 It’s ten o’clock.
4 The children’s outfits for the school play are in Daisy’s car. 5 Robert’s a great actor. 6 He’s Daisy’s favourite. 7 Lucy’s very funny, too. 8 Daisy is in a hurry. 9 She isn’t very late. 10 She’s ready now.
Unit15 That’s not fair! 句型与结构词:
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那不公平!
? Are there two men in front of the shop? —Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. ? There are four women near the school gates. ? How many men are there in the street? ? There are two men in the street.比较They are policemen. ? Can you see those men / them? —Yes, I can. They're policemen. ? Irregular plural不规则复数: housewives 课文注释:
图1:Where are Paul and Gary? — Where? — 表示地点的疑问副词+are(动词的复数形式与复数主
语Paul and Gary一致)。
over there — 用于指有一定距离的远处某物的副词短语。
on the football field — on是指在表面上;the,表示特指,指的是“the one that we can see”(表
示我们都能看见的那个);football field — 复合名词;第一个词(football)说明第二个词(field)的用途。
Great!=That’s great!
We can play football… — 在这个句子中,we can意味着“it is possible for us to”(我们有可能) 图3:Right — 用法类似于OK。它是意思是“so we agree, don’t we?”(我们都同意了,是吧?) one side,the other side — Paul用one+名词表示有两“组”;the other指的是两组中的第二组。 图4:how many? — 疑问副词,询问数量,后面接复数动词are。 …are there — There are/are there — There be指存在/可获得性。
图5:so — 副词,意思是“on the basis of what has been said/understood”(在所说/理解的基础之
上)
on my/your side — 固定短语;on与side搭配。
That’s not fair! — 我们用fair/not fair来表达自然的公正 — 不用参照任何外部权威,任何人本
能地感觉到是“right”(对的)的。
图6:very big and very strong — very,表示强调的副词,用来强化形容词的意思。 very well — very也修饰副词,如:well;well修饰动词play。 Like — 比较副词(比较just like you) 其它:
一、there be结构 1. 基本句型
肯定句:There are+复数名词+介词短语。
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否定句:There aren’t+复数名词+介词短语。 一般疑问句:Are there+复数名词+介词短语?
Yes, there are.(肯定回答)/No, there aren’t.(否定回答) 例如:肯定句:There are three cows under the trees. 树下有三头牛。 否定句:There aren’t three cows under the trees. 树下没有三头牛。 一般疑问句:Are there three cows under the trees? 树下有三头牛吗? 肯定回答:Yes, there are. 是,那有。 否定回答:No, there aren’t. 不,那没有。
【注】there+be结构,谓语动词除了用be外,还可用live,lie,stand等表示“存在”意义的动词。
例如:There stands a girl at the door.门旁边站着一个女孩。 2. there be句型的特殊疑问句
⑴对there be句型中的数量进行提问时,用how many+名词+介词短语。 There are ten players on our side.(对划线部分提问) How many players are there on your side?
⑵对there be句型中的主语进行提问时,用what is+介词短语。 There are two apples in the bowl.(对划线部分提问) What is in the bowl?
【注】对主语提问,不管是单数还是复数名词都用what is的形式,因为提问时已经不知道是什么了。 二、情态动词can的用法
情态动词只具用情态意义,它所表示的是说话人对动作的观点,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等,它和 助动词一样,不能单独做谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语;另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人 称和数的变化,后面必须跟动词原形。 情态动词can的用法如下:
1. 可用于各种人称,后面接不带to的不定式。 I can climb up the hill. 我能爬上这座山。 I can swim. 我会游泳。
We can return home by 7 o’clock. 我们能在7点之前回到家。 2. 变成否定句直接在can后面加not,一般写成can’t. 肯定句:I can speak English. 我讲英语。 否定句:I can’t speak English. 我不会讲英语。
3. 变疑问句直接把can放在主语前面,句尾用问号。肯定回答用can,否定回答用can’t。 肯定句:I can speak Chinese. 我会讲汉语。
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一般疑问句:Can you speak Chinese? 你会讲汉语吗? 肯定回答:Yes, I can. 是,我会。 否定回答:No, I can’t. 不,我不会。 三、介词of的用法
介词of表示“??的”。of除了可以用作无生命事物的所有格,还有其他用法。 1. 属于??的
the captain of the other side另一方的队长 the roof of the house屋顶 2. 表示具有某种性质、内容、状况等。 a cup of tea一杯茶 a crowd of people一群人 3. 关于,反映
a map of China中国地图 a photo of my dog我小狗的照片 4. 用于表示计量、时间或年龄等。
a girl of 12 12岁的女孩 2 kilos of apples两公斤苹果 听力: William: Karen? Karen: Mm?
William: Are you busy?
Karen: Busy? Yes, I am…Is everything OK?
William: Yes, everything’s fine. Karen, there’s some tea in the kitchen. Karen: Tea?
William: Yes, tea. Can I bring you some tea? Karen: Yes, thank you, William. William: Karen, what time is it?
Karen: What time is it? I’m not sure. Tell me. Is it late? William: Look at the clock. It’s a bit late. It’s six o’clock.
Karen: Six o’clock? Really? What about the kids? And what about you? Oh, I’m sorry, William! Are you
hungry?
William: I’m OK, Karen. And the kids are fine. They’re downstairs. But what about my favourite writer?
Aren’t you hungry?
Karen: Hmm. I’m not hungry, but I am thirsty.
William: Well, tea’s ready. It’s in the kitchen. How’s the book, Karen? Karen: It’s fine. Well, I’m fine. Maybe the book is OK, too…
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William: I’m sure it is. Well, Mrs Jenkins, my favourite writer, your tea is ready! Please come downstairs. Karen: Good idea! Hmm. William, I am hungry!
William: That’s nice. The children are in the kitchen. Let’s go. 答案:William’s favourite writer is Karen.
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