增减倍数口译+昂立unit5

增/减倍数的口译

(一)英语用times表示倍数。无论在任何句型中都表示乘

的关系，即包括基数在内的倍数。 A is N times larger/longer/heavier … than B. A is larger/longer/heavier…than B by N times. A is N times as large/long/heavy … as B. 以上三句意思是“ A 的大小 / 长度/ 重量是B的 N倍”; 或者 “A比B大/长/重N-1倍

(1)The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的大小是月球的49倍/地球比月球大48倍. ( 2 ) Since mid-century, the global economy has nearly quintupled, while the population has doubled, demand for grain has nearly tripled, and the burning of fossil fuels has increased nearly fourfold. 自本世纪中叶以来,全球经济增长了将近四倍,人口翻了一翻。 结果，粮食的需求增加了近两倍，石油燃料增加了近三 倍。

3)Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countryside people in the world. 30年内，全世界的城市居民将是农村人口的两倍。 4)Although London covers less than 400,000 acres, it needs nearly 50 million acre----125 times its area----to provide it with food, timber, and other resources, and to absorb its pollution. 虽然伦敦占地不到40万英亩，却需要近5000万英亩的土地---125倍于它本身的面积----来供给它食物，原木和其它资 源，并吸收它产生的污染物。

(二)汉语倍数的表达法有两类：第一类表示是(原数) 的几倍，几倍于(原数)或增加到(原数)的几倍。它 包括基数在内的倍数，与英语倍数表示法的含义相同。 第二类表示(比原数)大几倍或是(比原数)增加了几 倍，是净增倍数，用N+1 times来表示。

(1) 去年这个公司的手机销量增长了近一倍(为原来的两 倍)。 The sales volume of portable phones of this company increased nearly twice /doubled last year.

(2)过去20年中，中国的国内生产总值增长了近5倍。 In the past 20 years, China’s gross domestic product increased nearly six times.

(3)1978年至1997年，中国人均生产总值增长了3.4倍 China’s per capita GDP went up by 4.4 times between 1978 and 1997. (4)中国城镇居民人均居住面积由1978年的3.6平方米提高 到1997年的8.8平方米，增加了1.4倍。 The per capita living space for urban residents in China expanded from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 8.8 square meters in 1997, a rise of 2.4times.

(5)1949年至1998年，中国的粮食总产量由1.1亿吨增加到 5.1亿吨，增长了3.5倍，年平均增长3.1%,是人口增长率 的2.5倍。 China’s total grain output increased from 110 million tons in 1949 to 510 million tons in 1998, or an increase of over 4.5 times, with an average annual growth rate of 3.1 percent, 2.5 times that of the population growth.

( 6 ) 1997年，全国高等学校在校生总数为 608 万人，其 中研究生

18万人，分别是1979年的2.2倍和9.6倍。 In 1997, 6.08 million students were studying in colleges and universities, including 180,000 postgraduates, 2.2 times and 9.6 times the figure of 1979 respectively.

(三)由于汉语很少用“减少了若干倍”的说法，而多用 “减少了百分之几”或“减少了几成”的说法，因此减 少多用百分数和分数表示。

(1)由于水灾，去年的收成减少了三成。 Owing to flood, the crop last year was declined by 30 percent. (2)该公司的员工裁减了近三分之一，开支减少了四分之 一。 The personnel of the company have been reduced nearly by one-third and the expenses by one-fourth.

(3)1998年，政府机构改革目标实现，国务院下设部门从 40个减少到29个，人员减少了近一半。 In 1998, the target of restructuring governmental institutions were met. Departments under the State Council were reduced from 40 to 29 and personnel were cut nearly by half.

(四)“增/减了百分之几”英语和汉语的含义一致，都表示净增或者净减百分数。表示法有以下几种： 增/减了…% increase/rise/grow…% decrease/drop/fall/sink…% increase/rise/grow/go up by…% decrease/drop/fall/go down by…%

宝洁公司刚刚把他们的纸制品价格提高了8%. Procter & Gamble just raised prices on its paper products by as much as 8%. (2) 去年非耐用品 , 从皂片 , 剃须刀到网球鞋的消费上升了 30%. Spending on non-durables----everything from soap flakes to razors to tennis shoes----rose 30% last year.(1)

(3) 在3月30日刚刚结束的2000年财政年度, 台湾的出口猛跌 了11.3%,泰国10%, 南韩9.9%, 香港2.4%. 然而, 中国大陆 却公布了 第一季度7.5%的可观增长. In the fiscal year of 2000, ending on March 30, export slumped 11.3 percent in Taiwan, 10 percent in Thailand, 9.9 percent in South Korea and 2.4 percent in Hong Kong. However, the Chinese mainland posted a respectable 7.5 percent rate in the first quarter.

(五)与…相比,.增.减了…% increase/rise/grow/go up by …% as compared with/ as against/as opposed to /over… decrease/drop/fall/go down by …% as compared with/ as against/as opposed to /over…

(1) 1999年，普通高校招生规模比上年扩大了47.4%. University and college enrollment in 1999 increased by 47.4% percent over the previous year. (2) 同1997年相比, 1998年工业排污减少了11.6%,家庭排污增 加了2.6%. Compared with 1997, the discharge of industrial wastewater dropped by 11.6%, while that of domestic sewage rose by 2.6 percent in 1998.

(3) 因受亚洲金融危机的冲击 , 1998年中国进出口总额比上 年下降0.4%, 其中进口总额下降1.5%;出口总额增长0.5%. As a result of Asian financial crises, China’s total volume of import and export in 1998 dropped by 0.4 percent over the previous year, of which the volume of import went down by 1.5 percent, and the value of ex

port went up by 0.5 percent.

(六) 增/减率 be…% increase/rise/growth be…% decrease /drop/decline an increase/ a rise/ a growth rate of …% a decrease/ drop/ decline of …% be…% up/down be up/down …%

(1)1999年, 中国外贸出口达1949亿美圆, 比上年增长6.1%. China’s total export reached US$194.9 billion in 1999, a rise of 6.1 percent over the previous year. (2) 1998年, 中国全年海外游客入境人数6348万人次, 比 上年增长 10.2%, 国际旅游收入达 126 亿美圆 , 增长 4.4%. In 1998, China received 63.48 million tourists from overseas, up 10.2 percent over the previous year. Income of foreign exchange from tourism reached 12.6 billion US dollars, up 4.4 percent.

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