高考被动语态专题

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使用被动语态应受哪些限制

英语和汉语一样,其动作都有主动和被动之分,汉语中不是所有的动词都可采用被动结构;同样道理,英语中也有不少动词不能用于被动结构,即被动语态。英语中,除不及物动词---即后面不能加宾语的动词不能用于被动语态外,还有下列情况不能使用被动语态的结构:

一、表示静态、容纳、适合等的及物动词。例如:

She has a nice car.

The woolen coat fits her well.

二、宾语是动词不定式、动名词。例如:

They promised me to go with me.

Mr.Smith wanted to have a try.

I enjoy listening to pop music.

三、宾语是反身代词。例如:

She hurt herself this morning.

They warned themselves to be careful.

四、宾语是人身上的一部分或器官。例如:

He put his hand on his chest and began to cough.

I could hardly believe my ears.

五、宾语是相互代词。例如:

They help each other in study.

We must learn from each other.

六、表示地点、处所、机构、团体、组织的名词作宾语。例如:

She joined the Party last year.

My dad reached Beijing this afternoon.

七、宾语表示行为、方式,在意义上相当于状语。例如:

She did her best.

We shall make up our minds.

八、宾语表示数量、重量、长度、大小等,在意义上相当于状语。例如:

They walked two miles.

The film lasted one and a half hours.

This desk weighs 10kilograms.

九、系动词sound,look,become,appear等也不能用于被动语态。例如:

Miss Li became a doctor ten years ago.

This plan sounds a good one.

十、一些词,如happen,take place,occur,last,belong to等等,在汉语角度看来可用被动结构,但英语只能用主动结构。例如:

Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1949.

This car belongs to my uncle.

十一、及物动词及其宾语在意义上构成不可分割的固定词组。例如:

I made faces to have the baby laugh.

We should never lose heart.

十二、一些宾语从句也不能变成被动语态,否则意义就变了。例如:

I knew that I was wrong then.(我认识到当时我错了。)

It was known that I was wrong then.

=I was known to be wrong then.(人们知道当时我错了。)

十三、当宾语是抽象名词时。例如:

We showed special interest in science.

中英语语法:主动形式表示被动意义形式表示被动意义

作者:未知 资料来源:网络 点击数:347 更新时间:2007-1-25 20:37:31

主动形式表示被动意义

英语中有些结构形式上是主动的,而表达的意义却是被动的。

A.某些不及物动词的被动意义

英语中一般只有及物动词才用于被动语态,不及物动词不用于这种结构。但有些时候,某些不及物动词,其主动形式含有被动的意义。

When did the accident occur 事故是什么时候发生的?

Ice-cream always goes well in hot weather. 冰淇淋在暑天销路好。 Does life exist on the moon 月球上存在着生命吗? B.一些表示“开始”、“结束”意思的动词

Class begins at eight. 八点钟开始上课。

The meeting ended up with warm applause. 会议在热烈的掌声中结束了。 C.一些表示“运转”意义的动词

The machine runs well. 机器运转良好。

His voice records well. 他的音录下来很好。

D.当read, write, translate等动词与表示行为方式的状语连用时

动词read, write, translate, act, add, wash, wear, cook, lock, sell, tear, cut, keep, feel, burn, strike, last等常和表示行为方式的状语连用,表示被动意义。这些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。当主语是人时,是及物动词;当主语是物时,是不及物动词,即用主动形式表示被动意义。

The book sells well. 这书的销路很好。 My pen writes smoothly. 我的笔很好写。

The play reads more easily than acts. 这剧本易读不易演。

提示:

这些动词常和情态动词(多半是否定式)连用,表示被动。

His car can't move. 他的车不能开了。 E.表示状态特征的连系动词的被动意义 有些表示状态特征的连系动词,如look, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear, turn out等主动形式表示被动意义。

Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。

What he said proved to be correct. 他的话证明是正确的。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。

Your sentence doesn't sound right. 你这话听起来不大对头。 F.一些动词的进行时态可以表示一个被动的动作 The meat is cooking. 肉正在烧。

The book is printing. 这本书正在印刷之中。

G.有些作表语的不定式,在结构上是主动的,但在意义上却是被动的 She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。 The house is to let. 此房出租。

六、被动形式表示主动意义

英语的被动形式表示主动的意义,主要见于状态被动语态句中。一般说来有以下几种

情况。

A.反身动词的被动形式表示主动意义

反身动词(及物动词+反身代词)作谓语时,其宾语反身代词,表示动作返回到执行者本身,主语既是动作的执行者,又是动作的承受者。由于反身动词具有这一特点,在被动结构中动作的承受者,也就是动作的执行者,在句中表现出主动的意义。

He seats himself at the back of the classroom. 他坐在教室的后面。 -- He is seated at the back of the classroom. 他坐在教室的后面。 He lost himself in the forest.

-- He was lost in the forest. 他在森林中迷了路。

He dressed himself in a dark blue suit.

-- He was dressed in a dark blue suit. 他穿着一套深蓝色的衣服。 注意:

有些介词短语作定语或表语时,也有被动的含义。 The tall building under repair is an office building. 正在修建的那座高楼是一座办公楼。

The result is nnow under consideration. 结果现在正在考虑中。

个别介词短语用冠词时表示被动的意义,不用冠词表示主动意义。 The children are in the charge of this nurse. 孩子们由这位护士照管。

This nurse is in charge og the children. 这位护士负责照看孩子们。 B.“引起??感情”等动词的被动形式表主动意义

The teacher is satisfied with what he said. 老师对他所说的感到满意。 We are opposed to unjust wars. 我们反对非正义的战争。

We are prepared to accept his proposal. 我们准备采纳他的建议。 He was tired with playing all day. 玩了一整天他感到很疲倦了。

C.某些表示定位、移位的动词

The earth is tilted a little. 地球有点儿倾斜。

Hundreds of soldiers were stationed around the prison. 数百个士兵驻扎在监狱周围。 The village is located at the foot of a hill. 这个村庄坐落在山脚下。 D.不及物动词的-ed形式与be连用表示主动意义

Spring is come. 春天来了。

The moon was set and it was very dark. 月亮落了,天很黑。 He is advanced in years. 他年纪很大了。 E.表示终止动词的-ed形式

He is done with it. 他做完了这件事。

My fever is gone, but I still have a cough. 我的烧已经退了,但还有点儿咳嗽。 F.一些习惯用法

He was graduated from Beijing University. 他毕业于北大。 You are mistaken. 你弄错了。 He is retired. 他退休了。 G.被动的祈使句 Do be seated. 请坐!

Be prepared, please. 请准备好。

Get washed. 洗吧。

Be concerned more about the well-being of the masses. 多关心群众的生活

十四、当宾语为同源宾语时。例如:

We lived a hard life in the old days.

总之,能否用被动语态,除了应了解英语的一些语法规则之外,还要充分考虑汉语的说话习惯,掌握其普通规律,同时注意一些特殊情况,否则就会出现\中国式英语\,也没法学到\地道的英语\。高中英语语法: 被动语态的用法

作者:未知 资料来源:网络 点击数:3432 更新时间:2007-1-25 20:35:34

被动语态的用法

英语中,大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是,被动语态也有其特殊的用途,它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态: A. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者

How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音?

Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 科学家们说,力移动时就做了功。 A greater number of magic English books will be published next year. 明年将有更多的魔法英语书出版。

After war, everything had been destroyed. 战争结束后,一切都被毁坏了。 B. 强调动作的承受者

If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你违反校规,你将受到惩罚。(强调you)

A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我们家乡将开办一所新的希望学校。(强调a new Hope School)

She is liked by everybody. 大家都喜欢她。

Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class. 小李被选为班长。 C. 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物

The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了。

We were shocked by the news of his death. 我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。

Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。 D. 修辞的需要,为了使句子更加简练、匀称

He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 他出现在舞台上,受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。

The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received. 这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史的讲座,受到大家的热烈欢迎。

I was shown round the school campus by Sean, who had entered the school just a year before. 肖恩带我参观了校园,他去年刚进这所学校。

E. 为了表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己

You've been told many times not to make the same mistake. 你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。

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