自制GRE模考题2

1. Once so ?uid, the political situation had, two years after the declaration of the Republic, _____ so much that further change seemed inconceivable.

A. revitalized B. warmed C. intensi?ed D. clotted

E. destabilized

2. Paul Robeson. Jr. wrote that his father was a ?esh-and-blood artist whose accomplishments made him susceptible to hagiographic treatment by potential biographers. Robeson’s achievements were real, and there was no need for _____.

A. disclosure B. hyperbole C. retraction D. muckraking E. reticence

3. The scientists who ?rst proposed that Moon’s craters had resulted from impacts (i)_____: almost all of these craters were circular, and yet most impactors in heliocentric orbit would have an oblique path and hence would be expected to form (ii)_____ craters.

4. When the United States government created the Post Of?ce at the founding of the republic, it didn’t invite rival postal ?rms to compete; in fact, it created a monopoly. That monopoly, however, was (i)_____ free expression because of policies Congress adopted, which (ii)_____ the circulation of newspapers irrespective of their viewpoint and spread postal service throughout the country.

5. The cowbird can seem a rather comical creature with a slow, awkward walk and often upraised tail. Less (i)_____ is the cowbirds’ habit of laying their eggs in the nests of other birds. The (ii)_____ nesters will usually accept the cowbird egg and raise the baby cowbird as their own. Unfortunately, cowbird eggs hatch sooner than the eggs of other species and the young cowbirds (iii)_____, using their size to their advantage in getting more food from the parents.

6. The scientist (i)_____ that the now familiar term “global warming” is (ii)_____, arguing that the atmospheric buildup of long-lived greenhouse gases is setting in motion centuries of shifts in climate patterns, coastlines, water resources, and ecosystems—hardly (iii)_____ one would describe with a gentle word like “warming”.

The physicist Wallace Sabine pioneered the scientific study of architectural acoustics when he was asked in 1895 to fix a university lecture hall in which the echo of a speaker’s words rendered them unintelligible. He found that the length of time it takes a sound’s echo to decay is determined by the absorption of the sound’s original energy by surrounding material. By hanging panels of sound-absorbing felt on the walls, Sabine reduced the echo enough to make the hall usable. And the data he compiled yielded a mathematical formula for the relationship between a room’s echo duration, its quantity and quality of sound-absorbing materials, and its spatial volume.

7. Which of the following can be inferred about the ‘university lecture hall’ mentioned in the passage? A. It was not originally designed to be used for lecture.

B. It was more suitable for listening to music than for listening to the spoken word. C. Its walls had surfaces made of material with very poor sound-absorbing properties. D. Its poor acoustics resulted from its being designed to accommodate a large audience.

E. It was constructed at a time when sound-absorbing building materials were not readily available.

8. The passage suggests that Sabine’s work made which of the following possible for the first time? A. to make a room soundproof

B. to build an auditorium out of sound-absorbing materials

C. to construct an enclosed space in which sound would not echo

D. to design a building to meet predetermined specifications with regard to echo duration E. to render any large room usable for public lectures and performances

Received feminist wisdom has conceived of history as a male enclave devoid of woman subjects and practitioners, particularly before the twentieth century. As Ann For Freedom put it in 1972, from Herodout’s to Will Durant’s histories, the main characters, the main viewpoints and interests, have all been male. Feminist accounts of the 1970s and 1980s viewed historiography (the writing of history) as overwhelmingly his, coining the term herstory and presenting it as a compensatory feminist practice. Herstory designated women’s place at the center of an alternative narrative of past events. Rosalind Miles’s description restates the popular view: Women’s history by contrast has only just begun to invent itself. Males gained entry to the business of recording, defining and interpreting events in the third millennium B.C.; for women, this process did not even begin until the nineteenth century. The herstorical method provided a means for feminist historians to explore materials by and about women that had previously been neglected or ignored. Herstory promoted curricular transformation in schools and was used as a slogan on T-shirts, pencils, and buttons. Exposing historians tacit and intentional sexism, herstorians set out to correct the record–to show that women had held up half the historical sky.

Despite the great scholarly gains made behind the rallying cry, herstory’s popular myth–particularly about the lack of women who have recorded history–require revision. Herstory may accurately describe feminists efforts to construct female- centered accounts of the past, but the term inadvertently blinds us to women’s important contributions to historical discourse before the nineteenth century. Historiography has not been an entirely male preserve, though feminists are justified in faulting its long-standing masculine contours. In fact, criticism of historiography’s sexism is not of recent origin. Early eighteenth-century feminist Mary Astell protested that the Men being the Historians, they seldom condescend to record the great and good actions of Women. Astell, like those who echoed her sentiments two and a half centuries later, must be credited for admirable zeal in setting out to right scholarly wrongs, but her supposition that historians were only male is inaccurate. Her perception is especially strange because she herself wrote a historical work, An Impartial Enquiry into the Cause of Rebellion and Civil War (1704). Astell’s judgment is at the same time understandable, given that much historical writing by women of the late seventeenth century was not published until the nineteenth century. Despite their courage and their rightful anger, Astell and her descendants overlooked early modern woman writer’s contributions to historiography.

9. It can be inferred that Rosalind Miles refers to the third millennium B.C. primarily in order to A. present an overview of what the practice of history once entailed

B. suggest that the origins of historical study are much earlier than had been previously though C. suggest why the third millennium B.C. has received so much attention from historians

D. establish a contrast between men and women in terms of how long they have been recording history

10 It can be inferred from the passage that the term herstory

11. Mary Astell is discussed by the author as an example of an eighteenth-century feminist historian\A. who was representative of the intellectual interests of the woman historians of her time

C. who shared with modern herstorian’s a mistaken assumption regarding the writing of history D. whose major work aroused much controversy at the time of its publication

E. whose major work still has not received the attention from scholars that it deserves

12. The author implies which of the following about Astell’s supposition?

A. It is likely to have arisen because of Astell’s unawareness of much of the historical work written by women.\

B. It was one that Astell reconsidered after she wrote her own historical work. C. It was one that was not shared by other feminist historians of Astell’s time. D. It was one that inspired Astell to write her own historical work. E. It directly contradicts one of the basic claims of herstory.

13. Nature-loving pilgrims from the eastern United States altered the country’s attitude toward California’s sequoia groves, transforming those stands of great trees from scienti?c curiosities to places of _____.

A. recreation B. mystery C. veneration D. solitude E. reverence F. acclamation

14. Established scientists recognize that peer review of manuscripts submitted to scienti?c journals is critical to science, but this recognition _____ a certain ambivalence in them, since reviewing takes time away from their research.

A. obviates B. mitigates C. engenders D. tempers E. induces

F. exacerbates

15. Despite ______ leaving their old jobs behind, workers were eager to move because there were to be no layoffs under the union contract at the new location.

A. jubilation over B. indifference to C. misgivings about D. outrage over E. trepidation over F. enthusiasm for

16 After the Turkish Republic was established, traditional hamams (bathhouses) seemed to many Turks to be outmoded, but thanks to tourism, hamams have experienced a _____, becoming important cultural sites for foreign and Turkish visitors alike.

A. proliferation B. retrenchment C. transformation D. revival E. slump

F. renaissance

In various writings from the 1940s on popular culture, George Orwell examined commercial texts such as comics and crime novels, seeking out political meanings that ran counter to what he considered an inherent tendency toward socialism in the English common people. The public, he concluded, was often being duped by a convert patrician conservatism, conveyed through commercial culture, that restrained the people’s radical instincts. These works constituted some of Orwell’ s greatest writing, yet those who see him as a lone precursor to today’s cultural studies, a field in which scholars examine the ideological implications of popular culture, are mistaken. A number of left-wing writers in the 1930s, many of them associated with the Communist Party, saw the need to take popular culture seriously.

The passage suggests which of the following about George Orwell?

A. He regarded commercial texts a vehicles for the views of ordinary people. B. He regarded many commercial texts as having an insidious effect on readers.

C. He considered commercial text such as comics to be unworthy of serious analysis. D. He initiated a new direction in scholarship by taking popular culture seriously. E. He regarded commercial texts as inappropriate vehicles for political ideas.

Some historians have recently challenged the “party period paradigm,” the view, advanced by McCormick and others, that political parties—especially the two major parties—in the United States between the years 1835 and 1900 evoked extraordinary loyalty from voters and dominated political life. Voss-Hubbard cites the frequency of third-party eruptions during the period as evidence of popular antipathy to the two-party regime. He correctly credits third parties with helping generate the nineteenth century’s historically high rates of voter turnout by forcing major parties to bolster supporters’ allegiance, lest minor parties siphon off their votes, and with pushing policy demands that the major parties ignored. Formisano stresses the pervasive record of nonpartisan and anti-party governance at the local level, and women’ s frequent participation in nineteenth-century public life, prior to their enfranchisement, in nonpartisan and antiparty ways as evidence of the limitations of the party period paradigm. Yet McCormick would deny that the existence of antiparty sentiment during the period undermined the paradigm, since he has always acknowledged the residual strength of such sentiment during the nineteenth century. In any case, the strength of the paradigm is its comparative thrust: the contrast it draws between the period in question and earlier and later political eras.

18. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. correct a common misconception about a historical period

B. identify a feature of a historical period that has often been overlooked C. challenge the validity of evidence used to support a claim D. discuss certain challenges to a particular view

E. account for a particular feature of historical period

19. Select the sentence in the passage that describes how a historian might reply to attempts to call his theory into question.

20. In the context in which it appears, “evoked” most nearly means A. elicited B. recalled C. cited

D. suggested E. elaborated

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