新建科技英语阅读与翻译

Part I Reading comprehension (40%)

共四篇，其中一篇来自教材，占10%； Passage 6 1.

1) Yes, it is.

2) Once the technology had evolved, it became possible. It is just a matter of time. 3) The faster you go, the slower time seems to move for you with respect to everyone else. This concept is known as “time dilation.”

4) travel at the speed of light;

5) If your speed finally reaches the speed of light then time actually stands still, exceed the speed of light and its thought that time will start to flow backward.

6) An effect of Relativity is that the faster you go, the heavier you become and as you reach the speed of light, you become infinitely heavy.

7) The technique is called “quantum tunneling”. It is used by electrons orbiting around atoms to instantly move from point A to point B without passing through the space between. 8)It is actually only technology stopping us from doing it. 2.

1) 即使如我面前的杯子这么普通的东西也可以说某种程度上掌握了时间旅行。它在桌子上放着，看似无所事事，然而实际上正在穿越时空，无情地，它的速度是每天走一天。 2）如果我跑到这咖啡店的速度接近光速，当我坐下来时，我的年龄小于我周围的人。实际上，我已经走到他们的未来。

3) 剩下的就是当宇宙倒退时，以这个速度飞行，在适当的时候减速，然后在1973年7月突然出现，那是有史以来最伟大的时刻——我出生啦。

Passage 7

1.

1) By altering the function of one gene, the life span of a species of roundworm could be increased from the usual two weeks to a month.

Study with roundworms found that certain anticonvulsant drugs had a substantial impact on life expectancy. The drugs lengthened the life of the worms by up to 50 percent.

2) The research has fueled speculation that there soon may be drugs available that could have related life-extending effects in humans.

3) Currently, heart disease is treated by drugs or, in more serious cases, with bypass surgeries and angioplasties.

4) Heart “patch” someday soon could be used to repair damaged heart tissue, essentially returning the heart to pre-heart attack functionality.

5) The most exciting part of the research into regenerative therapies is the prospect that future regenerative treatments could focus on causing damaged tissues to repair themselves in the body. 6) The conventional wisdom is that energy supplies are dwindling while demand is rising, creating a condition in which a serious social and economic dislocation is unavoidable, if not actually imminent.

7) It is not just oil that is in abundance. Coal abounds in the United States and can be burned much more cleanly now than in the past, making it, once again, a very viable resource for the generation of electricity.

8) Of all the natural resources available, by far the most important are man’s own God-given abilities. 2.

据美国心脏协会介绍，每年有大约50万人死于心脏病。据估计，有多达650万美国人深受心绞痛及其他心脏病带来的胸痛之苦。目前，治疗心脏病的方法主要是药物，或病情比较严重时，采用心脏搭桥手术或者血管造影术。最危重的情况下，心脏移植可以延续病人生命。不过很快可能会有一种新颖革新的技术补充或者替代这些治疗手段。 Passage8 1.

1) Malicious hackers, hi-tech bank robbers and identity thieves were the stuff of science fiction novels; few outside the industry of information technology had more than a passing knowledge of their damaging potential.

2) The fact that “this all went on behind the scenes-and the average citizen knew little about it” changes.

3) A number of malicious and highly publicized computer viruses; the terrorist attacks of September 2001

4) Advantage: create vast new opportunities to enrich our lives and improve our economy; Disadvantage: also offer a tempting target for vandals, criminals and terrorists.

5) We halted development on several key products and invested more than $ 100 million to evaluate our existing software for security issues, and to train our developers to build security into our future products from the ground up.

6) Existing industry standards, business practices and regulations already do much to ensure the security of personal information.

7) It creates computing systems that will be self-managing, self-repairing and inherently resilient. 8) open answer 9) open answer 10) open answer 2.

1) reliable 2) flawless 3) disclosed 4) transactional 5) skyrocketed 6) viable 7) deterrence 8)?? Implement 9)has been implemented; be implemented 10) aggression 3.

1) 再三考虑后，我决定坚持我原来的计划。

2) 我已授权她在我外出的时候代我执行公务。行动给我。

3) 我们应该增加农业和农村基础设施建设投资，改善农村生产和生活条件。 4) 橡胶比木头弹性更大。

5) 读书使人充实，交谈使人精明.

6) 他警告说，黎巴嫩的战斗可能会造成中东地区的不稳定。 7) 他曾坐牢的过去被公开毁了他的竞选公职的机会。 8) 他是一个很耐心的领导者和指导，我很崇拜他。 9) 失败并没有阻止他再次尝试。

10) 战争和自然灾害都是死亡率上升的原因。

Passage9

1.

1) support an argument 2) It could be used in many different ways.3 Paragraph 4 explains how the problem presented in paragraph 3 came to be solved．4) Indicate one of the important developments made possible by the introduction of Watt's steam engine 5) They were used in the construction of canals and turnpikes 2.

1) abundant 2) exploiting 3) multiplied 4) continued 5) dramatically 6) succeeded 7) efficient 8) various 9) operated 10) liberation 3.

1) 工业革命标志着人类历史上一个重要的转折点；最终影响了日常生活的几乎每个方面。 2) 总之，没有新的可转移持久能源出现就没有新的机械时代。

3) 瓦特发明的蒸汽机很快就显示了它的用场，它把工业从对水源的依赖中解放了出来。 4) 到19世纪，英国使用了超过1万台蒸汽机，直到19世纪30年代，英国在蒸汽机生产上一直占据垄断地位。

5) 这些问题需要新的解决途径，各环节已然唾手可得。

Passage 10

1.

1) These were formed by the gradual outward movement of material as the solid interior settled together; There is interaction always: evaporation, condensation, solution, and weathering; hot springs, volcanoes, and earthquakes are the more noticeable manifestations here on the surface. 2) Our own body is made up of nonliving crystals in bones and nonliving water in blood, as well as of a large variety of living portions.

3) To point out that various parts are interrelated and the change of one of the parts will result in butterfly effect.

4) To show that the present rate of increase of Earth’s swarming human population qualifies Homo sapiens as an ecological cancer, which will destroy the ecology just as surely as any ordinary cancer would destroy an organism.

5) By raising the death rate or by lowering the birthrate. There are no other alternatives.

6) The title The Case against Man(状告人类) implies that if human beings keep exploiting the planet like what they are doing at present, the source of the earth will soon burn out so will the race of human beings. 7) C 8) D 9) B 2.

1) d 2) a 3) d 4) c 5) b 6) b 7)c 8)a 9)b 10)b 3.

1) been 2) raise3) spread 4) dying 5) began 6) caused 7) According to 8) up to

9) as 10) unusual 11) be linked to 12) of course 13) however 14) came into 15) ranging 4.

1)在形成的初期，地球很可能缺少我们现在称之为海洋和大气的物质。

2）20亿到30亿年前，部分地表水沐浴来自太阳辐射的能量，形成复杂的组织，里面化合物足够丰富，足以成为我们所说的“生命”。

3) 整个星球就是一个由无生命部分和大量有生命部分组成的生物形式。（如同我们的身体是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无机水，以及大量的有机物组成。）

4）同样地，从整个星球的范围来看，砍伐一片森林总体上不会威胁地球上的生命，但它会对地区生物形式，甚至水流的性质，以至对地质结构细微之处带来重大改变。

5）如同任何普通的癌症会毁坏一个有机体一样，目前的癌症必定会破坏生态环境。

Passage11 1

1)T 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) F 6) T 2.

1) Hybrid 2) ultimately

3) significantly; depending on; renewable; Charging 3.

电动汽车很受欢迎的原因是它们比较清洁、噪音小而且易于操作。但是两次发展极大改善了汽油为动力的汽车，使之前者无法与后者抗衡。1912年，查尔斯凯特林发明了电子启动装置，淘汰了手柄启动方式。同时，亨利福特开发了流水线工艺来制造他的T型车。比起电动汽车的生产，组装更有效率且更经济。这样，汽油驱动汽车价格下降，足以使得每个家庭都买得起汽车。20世纪20年代，只有电动车，运输车这样需要频繁启停的车和其他一些电驱动的交通工具撑下来了。

Part II Translation (60%)

(1)Sentence translation from Chinese to English (26%) (2)Sentence translation from English to Chinese (34%) 上述各6句，均来自教材例子或后面练习。

Lecture1 4.1

(1)We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale.

这里我们将提及两种温标:华氏温标和摄氏温标。

(2)A material object cannot have a speed greater than the speed of light. 一个物体的速度绝不会超过光速。

(3)Distillation involves heating the solution until water evaporates, and then condensing the vapor.

蒸馏就是要把溶液加热,直到水蒸发,然后再使蒸汽冷凝。

(4)It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts.

严禁乱拆,以免损坏该设备的零件。 Lecture2

1.1Translation

(1)Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the ions. 电极电位决定于离子浓度。(chemistry)

(2)The determination of trace concentrations of mercury in minerals is described. 文章论述矿物中痕量汞的测定。(measurement in physics )

(3)A concentration process is important now that the depletion of high grade ores is possibility.

由于目前高品位的矿石可能用完,富集过程是重要的。(metallurgy) 2名词化

(1)阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理

Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. (2)地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜变化．

The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. More examoles ：

(1) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已被用来探索宇宙。

(2) The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power. 用这种方法实验机器会损失一些功率。

(3)Despite all the improvements, rubber still has a number of limitations. 尽管改进了很多，但合成橡胶仍有一些缺陷。

(4) Failure to fix these symbols in mind keeps students from mastering the mathematical subjects they take up.

由于未能记住这些符号,使得许多学生无法掌握他们选修的教学课程。 课堂练习：

(5) This higher cost is not entirely due to the shape of the part, or the use of a more

expensive metal.

成本教高不完全是由于部件的形状,也不是由于使用的金属比较昂贵。

(6)High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy.

高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不表明具有准确性。 4.1

liquid crystal 液晶

machine building 机器制造 aircraft 飞机 cast-iron 铸铁 maintenance 维修 antibody 抗体 imbalance 不平衡

extra-terrestrial 行星际的 subsystem 分系统 water jacket 水套

linear measurement 长度单位 metalwork 金属制品 conveyer-belt 传送带 propeller 推进器 contradiction 矛盾 non-metal 非金属 decontrol 取消控制 unbar 消除障碍

computer language 计算机语言 civil engineering 土木工程 powerplant 发电站 machine-made 机制的 counterbalance 反平衡 discharge 放电 hydro-electric 发电 ultrasonic 超声

non-ferrous 有色金属的 4.2

1）Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur. 要特别注意软管，保证没有擦伤/磨损。

2) The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy. 电工学主要关注通过输送能量做功的情况。 3) Gene piracy is not new. 窃取基因不是新鲜事。

4) All plants and animals need carbon for growth. 所有的动植物均需要碳才能生长。

Lecture3

1 Simple Present Tense（一般现在时）

(1)This law applies to all classes of levers. 这个定律适用于各类杠杆。

(2)People discovered electricity a good many years ago. 人们很久以前就发现了电。 2 Passive Voice （被动语态）

例：As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of values.

石油埋藏于地层深处。因此,仅研究地层表面, 无法确定有无石油,必须勘测地下的岩石结构。如果确定了某一区域的岩石蕴藏着石油,就此安装钻机。它的主要部分是机架,用以撑起一节一节的钢管,让其下到井孔。一边钻井,一边下钢管,以防周围土层塌陷。一旦出油,就紧固管盖,让油从各个阀门喷出。

3 Non-restrictive Verbs/Non-finite Verbs & (to do, doing, done)（非限定性动词） (1)Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.

今天,电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题,这些问题与天气预报和卫星送入轨道有关。

(2)Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be produced are low or medium; the tape containing the information required to produce the part can be stored, reused or modified when required.

少量或中量地生产产品时,数控机是极为有用的,录用生产零件必需资料的磁带可以存放起来,需要时, 还可重新使用或修改。

4.Common Use of Conditional & Imperative （条件句，祈使句）

(1)If there were no attraction, the electron would fly away from the proton in a straight line.

如果没有吸引力,电子会以直线方向飞离质子。 4.2 Common Use of Conditional

(1)A sudden loss of lift will be experienced in case the aircraft speed falls below a certain level.

如果飞机速度降到一定水平以下,就会突然失去升力。

(2)In case of an oil-pump failure, the moving parts will become overheated. 假如油泵失灵,运转部件就会过热。

(3)In the event of fog, aircraft can be guided down to the runway from the control tower.

万一有雾,飞机可以由指挥塔引导降落到跑道上。 4.3 Common Use of Imperative

(1)Allow the water to cool for ten minutes and then make the temperature. 让水冷却10分钟,然后再测温度。

(2)The machines should be handled with great care.

这些机器应小心轻放。

5 Adjective Phrases as Attribute（形容词作后置定语）

(1)As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water, displacing an additional amount of water equal to the weight of the added load.

船装了货吃水更深,其排开的附加水量等于所装货的重量。

(2)Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world.

不能行走的机器人能学会做工,并能孜孜不倦地工作,今天在世界各地的工厂里得到了使用。 6练习

(1)All bodies have inertia . 所有物体都有惯性。

(2)The ancient people counted with stones. 古代人用石头记数。

(3)Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me ? 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我？

(4)The famous building has been destroyed by the big fire. 大火把这幢大楼毁掉了。

(5)The engine can be run at very high speeds on condition the vibrations can be damped out.

这部发动机可以很高速运转，条件是把震动降低。

(6)As long as a rocket burns enough fuel to provide sufficient thrust, it will contribute to increase in speed.

要火箭燃烧足够的燃料使它产生足够的推力，它就会不断加速。 (7)The surface must be cleaned. 表面必须清扫干净。 Lecture4

1.1 English.subject: non-life nouns ，without “by” to indicate “who has done it” (1)Metals are widely used in industry. 金属广泛地应用在工业上。

(2)The speed of the molecules is increased when they are heated. 当分子受热时, 其速度就增加。

1.2 English: adverbials indicating “where”, “how” (地点状语、方式状语) or other adverbials (e.g. from +noun.)

(1)Even when the pressure stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature.

即使压力不变, 气温的变化也能引起空气密度的巨大变化。

(2)The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.

蒸汽机发明的结果是, 机械力代替了人力。

(3)Agricultural technique spreading centers have been set up everywhere in that province, helping farmers to do their work in a more scientific way. 该省已普遍成立了农技推广中心,帮助农民以更加科学的方法种田。

1.3English: Verb + object +object complement

Verb - add “人们”, “大家”, “众人”,”我们”etc. in front of the translated version of the verb.

(1)Electrons are known to be minute negative charges of electricity. 大家知道, 电子是极为微小的负电荷。 (2)Rubber is found a good insulating material. 人们发现胶是一种良好的绝缘材料。

(3)When two bodies oscillate at the same frequency, they are said to be in resonance. 当两个物体以相同的频率震动时, 我们说它们处于共振状态。 2 Non-life Subject Sentence in Chinese(无主句) （1）Temperature is changed quickly from room temperature to 125℃and is held there for at least 15 minutes. 使温度很快从室温升到125℃, 并至少保持15分钟。

（2）After sealing the header is cleaned and then the leads are clipped to the desired length.封焊后把管座清洗干净,然后把引线剪到所需长度。 （3）The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 利用发电机, 可以将机械能在转变为电能。 （4）The converter is tipped on to its side and the charge of molten iron is poured into the top.将转炉向一侧倾转后,从炉顶上把铁水倒入炉中。 （5）The pressure to be measured is applied to one side of the diagram and a reference pressure is applied to the other side. 把待测压力接到薄膜的一侧, 参考压力接到另一侧。

（6）The damage caused by acid rain can be alleviated by adding lime to lakes, rivers and streams and/or their catchments' areas. 往湖泊、河流和溪流及(或)它们的集水区中撒石灰,可以减轻酸雨所造成的损害。 3 Passive voice in Chinese

3.1“被”, “受” (seldom used, to emphasize only )“由”, “所”, “叫”, “把”, “得到”, “受到”, “加以”, “予以”, “为……所”, “是……的”, etc. (commonly used) （1）The plan will be discussed first. 此计划将首先加以/得以讨论 （2）Only a small part of the sun’s energy reaching the earth is used by us. 传到地球的太阳能只有一小部分为我们所利用。

（3）New uses have been found for old metals, and new alloys have been made to satisfy new demands. 老金属有了新用途,新合金被冶炼出来了,以满足新的需要。 （4）The development of electronic computers has been heralded as the beginning of a second industrial revolution as tremendous in scope as that initiated by the invention of the steam engine. 电子计算机的发展被宣称为另一次工业革命的开端, 其规模同蒸汽机的发明所导致的第一次工业革命一样宏大。 3.2“是……的”

（1）Many car engines are cooled by water. 许多汽车发动机是用水冷却的。 （2）The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。

（3）Produced by electrons are the X-rays, which allow the doctor to look inside a patient’s body. 电子产生的是X射线, 能让医生透视病人的身体。 4 练习

（1）Several elements and compounds may be extracted directly from seawater . 海

水可以直接提取某些元素和化合物。

（2）It is said that numerical control is the operation of machine tools by numbers.人们说，数控就是用数字操纵机床。

（3）Pure oxygen must be given patients in certain circumstances.在某些情况下，必须给病人吸纯氧。

(4)Open the key ,and you may obtain an induced current in the opposite direction.断开电键，就能得到反向的感应电流。

(5) Let there be no mistakes about the data.数据不要出错。

(6) If the reaction took hours,and not seconds ,the fuel costs would be prohibitive.要是这一反应需要数小时而不是几秒钟，那么燃料费就太高了。

(7) In case two of the engines fail,the plane can still use its other engines to land. 如果/万一两台发动机坏了，飞机还可以使用另外的发动机着陆。

(8)In case of a power break down,the emergency generator can be seitched on.万一停电，可以接通应急发电机。

(9).Nearly 400 tons of accumulated refuse and dregs were removed altogether in five days.五天里运走了近四百吨的垃圾与渣土堆。

(10)Radiating from the earth,heat cause air currents to rise.2 热量由地球辐射出来， 使气流上升。

Lecture5 Long ，Complex Sentences （长难句翻译） 1. 顺译法

1) Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical properties of the synthetic substances, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized so that it would be of the greatest use in the field which it is to be applied.

许多人造材料正在取代天然材料,这或者因为天然产品的数量不能满足人类不断增长的需要,或者更多地因为合成物(这是各种人造材料的统名称)的物理性能被选中,甚至受到极大重视,因而使得它会在准备加以采用的领域获得最大量的重视。

2) No such limitation is placed on an alternating-current machine; here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard practice for all synchronous machines rated above a few kilovolt-amperes.

交流机不受这种限制,唯一的要求是相对移动,而且由于固定电枢和旋转磁场有很多优点,这种安排是所有容量超过几千伏安的同步机的标准做法。 2. 逆序法

3) Aluminium remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.

由于铝总是和其他元素--- 最常见的是氧(因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力)--- 结合在一起,所以在自然界任何地方都找不到处于游离状态的铝, 因而直到19世纪才为人们所知道。

4) Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be.

各种机器零件无论搞得多么脏,形状弄得多么不规则,一旦用超声波处理后,就可以被洗得干干净净,甚至干净得像新机器零件一样。 3.分译法/拆译

5) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

宇宙膨胀学说虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论,在科学上看来是可信的推论。许多天体物理学家十年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。 6) The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc.

一个结构受到的载荷可以分为静载和动载两类。静载包括该结构各部分的重量。动载则是由于人和可移动设备等的重量而引起的载荷。 4. 综合法

7) With the advent of the space shuttle, it will be possible to put an orbiting solar power plant in stationary orbit 24000 miles from the earth that would collect solar energy almost continuously and convert this energy either directly to electricity via photovoltaic cells or indirectly with flat plate or focused collectors that would boil a carrying medium to produce steam that would drive a turbine that then in turn would generate electricity.

随着航天飞机的出现,有可能把一个沿轨道运行的太阳能发电站送到离地球24000英里的一条定常轨道上去。这个太阳能发电站几乎不间断地采集太阳能。它还能够用光电池将太阳能直接转换成电能,或者用平板集热器或聚焦集热器将太阳能转换成电能,即集热器使热传导体汽化,驱动涡轮机发电。

8) The super-cooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium and other gases into “superfluids” and metals into “superconductors”, making them non-resistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways.

低温学的过冷作用将液态氦及某些气体变成 “超流体”,将某些金属变成 “超导体”, 使它们没有电阻,从而可以用许多方法改变世界面貌。 4.练习

1) The electronic notebook will serve as memo files in which the scientist records thoughts for preservation, description of experiments, drafts of reports, calendar and diary information, quotations and other materials extracted from other electronic files, and other types of information that would now be put in paper notebooks and other types of paper files.

电子记录本将可用作带有备忘性质的文件存储器,科学家可在其中记录下要加以保存的意见、实验的描述、报告的摘要、按年月日记载的信息、从别的电子文件存储器中摘取的引文和其他资料,以及现在会记录到纸质记录本或其他形式纸质文件中的任何其他类型信息。

2) Typically, when a customer places an order, that order begins a mostly paper-based journey from in-basket around the company, often being keyed and rekeyed into

different departments’ computer systems along the way.

一般情况下, 当一位顾客预定了一份定单后,那张定单就会在公司里被传阅,并经常以这种方式被发送和再转发到不同部门的计算机系统中。

3) [1]It is well known[2] that animals cannot be maintained in good health on diets [3]which will supply the necessary calories together with protein, fat and mineral requirements, [4]if certain accessory food factors, the vitamins, are absent from the diet.

[4]动物的食物缺乏维生素这类附加成分时,[3]即使含有蛋白质、脂肪和无机物, 而且能供给必需的热量,[2]也不能保持动物的健康,[1]这是人所熟知的事实。 4) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements --- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

由于人口的猛增或大量人口的流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

5) Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.

制造过程可分为单件生产和大量生产。单件生产就是生产少量的零件,大量生产就是生产大批相同的零件。

6) As the science of gene expression grows, we may be able to create genes that can turn themselves off after they have gone through a certain number of cell divisions or after the gene has produced a certain amount of the desired product.

随着基因表现科学的发展， 我们也许能够创造这样一些基因：当它们经过了一定次数的细胞分裂后，或者当它们产生了一定数量的合乎需要的产品之后，这种基因能够自行衰亡。

Lecture6

6.Translation Practice

1. Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 世界上没有任何东西比光传得更快了。

2. There is no sound evidence to prove this. 没有充分的证据来证明这一点。

3. This is by no means essential to the primary objective of validating mathematical models of aircraft behavior. 对于验证飞机性能的数学模型这一主要目的来说,这是必需的,但绝不是最本质的。

4. Automatic data processors are in no sense “brain”. 自动数据处理器绝不是”大脑” 。

5. There is nothing around you and nothing under your feet at all. 你周围没有任何东西,你脚下也没有任何东西。

6. Friction is not always a disadvantage. In many instances it is highly important. 摩擦并不总是不利的,在许多情况下,它是非常重要的。

7. Both of the substances do not dissolve in water. 这两种物质并不都融于水。

8. Automobile traffic in metropolitan areas constitutes another situation where no human can sense everything going on at a particular time and how all of the variables affect each other. 大都市的汽车交通管理则是一个例子。在这种情况下,任何人都

不能了解到在某个特定时刻所发生的一切情况,也不会知道所有变化着的因素彼此相互影响的方式。

9. Although workstations are giving engineers new-found computer power and display capabilities, all is not perfect. 虽然工作站给工程师带来新发现的计算机功能和显示能力,但并非一切都是完美的。

10. For instance, the D and E regions are hardly present at all after sunset and so waves absorbed during the day are reflected at night. 比如, D 区和 E 区在日落后几乎根本不存在,因此,在白天被吸收的短波在夜间才会被反射回来。

Lecture7

3.Translation Practice

1. In the 40 years since then, scientists have spent thousands of millions of dollars attempting to produce the same kind of energy in a safe peaceful way. 自那时起的40年间, 科学家们耗费了数十亿美元的巨资,试图在安全的条件下生产出同样的能量。

2. By 1982, about 3,000 parks and other protected areas had been established on government lands.到1982年,在政府管辖地上,建立了大约三千个公园和其他的保护区。

3. The World Health Organization says as many as 10 million persons worldwide may have the virus that cause AIDS. 世界卫生组织称, 全世界可能有多达一千万的人携带能引起爱滋病的病毒。

4. Neptune is about 4 times bigger than Earth. 海王星大约比地球大四倍。

5. An atom of sulfur is twice as heavy as an atom of oxygen. 硫原子比氧原子重一倍。

6.This one is nine times lighter than that one.这一个比那一个轻十分之九。

7. The amount of sunlight reaching Neptune is about 1,000 times less than the amount reaching Earth. 到达海王星的阳光总量仅是到达地球阳光总量的约千分之一。 8. The steel output has increased by two times. 钢产量已增加二倍。

9.The speed exceed the average speed by a factor of 3.2. 该速度超过平均速度2.2倍。

10. There is at least a two fold increase in bandwidth and carrier power (=increase two fold)带宽及载波功率至少增加一倍。

11. Wheel A turns as fast again as wheel B. A轮转动得比B轮快一倍。

12. This machine turns half as fast again as that one. 这台机器转动的比那台快半倍(一半) 。

13. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 2 times. 新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了一半。

14. The single image is reduced in the first reduction by 2:1 to 40: 1. 单个图像第一次缩小到二分之一至四十分之一。

15. If the moon were only half as far away from the earth as it is, the force of attraction would be 4 times as great. 要是月球离地球的距离仅为现在的一半,则引力将为现在的四倍。

16. The new equipment will reduce the error probability by a factor of 7.新设备将使误差概率降低七分之六(或降到七分之一) 。

17. A body of given mass weighs six times less than on the moon than on the earth. 物体在月球上的重量是在地球上重量的六分之一。

Lecture8 4.1

How Are Your Genes? 基因

What is MPC? 多媒体个人电脑

What’s in a Password? 如何设置口令

PCs Will Become Telephone Activitists PC机将成为电话网上的活跃分子 It’s TV Time 电视时代

Is a Race of Robots Possible? 机器人可能成为一个种族吗？

We May Colonize the Cosmos but We’ll Never Conquer Space 我们可以殖民宇宙，但永远也不能征服太空 The Fuel That Makes Mass Media Work 大众媒体运行的燃料——广告 The Life Circle of the Stars 星辰的生命周期 Blood and Heart 血液和心脏

Adaptation of Living Things 生物的适应方式 Man and the Killers

征服威胁人类生命的杀手

The Telephone of Today and Tomorrow 电话的今天和明天

Writable Optical Technologies 可写光盘技术

ATM: The Future of LANs ATM:未来的局域网 Optical Communications 光通信 4.2

Better Diet, Healthier Skin 饮食与皮肤

The Weather-wathers 天气变化的原因

The Story behind the Atomic Bomb --- A Killer is Born 原子弹的内幕——一种杀人武器的诞生

How Automobiles Work 汽车工作原理

MIT’s LeaderShape Program

麻省理工培养学生领导能力的计划

Lecture9

3 Translation Practice

(1)本文提出了一种新的计算机辅助设计方法。

A new computer-aided design method is presented (in this paper). (2)本文建立了柔轮原始曲线的数学模型。

The expressions of the original curve of the flexspline are derived in this paper. (3)本文主要研究平面机构的可动性。

This paper principally studies the movability of plane components. (4)本文研究了电容对频率响应的影响。

A study of the effect of capacitance on frequency response is made. (5)硬水 hard water (6)硬钢 high steel

(7)本文认为 ,这一定义具有重要意义。

The author holds that this definition has important meaning. (8)本文所讲的内容对通讯工程师来说是很感兴趣的。

What this paper describes is of great interest to communications engineers. (9)本文对提高打印速度的印字质量提供了一种机辅设计手段。

This paper presents a CAD method for increasing the printing speed and improving the printing quality.

(10)本文强调指出了光强随圆柱直径变化的正弦规律。

The sine law of the variation of the light intensity with the cylinder diameter has been emphasized.

(11)论劳动力市场需求约束条件下的经济模式

The Economic Model Restrained by Market Demands of Labour Force.

(12)本工艺具有造型速度快、生产效率高、工艺性能优良等优点 ,引起世界铸造工作者的关注。

This technology has the advantages of great moulding speed ,high production efficiency and fine technological performances. Therefore ,it has been taken notice of by foundry businesses allover the world.

(13)本文扼要地叙述了用来制造单块电路的各种工艺及其优缺点。

The various processes which may be used in fabricating a monolithic circuit are briefly reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each process are enumerated. (14)本文对去污工艺的化学、物理过程进行了理论分析 ,认为氧化去污机理是 6 种化学反应的联合进行 ,还提出了去污剂选择的理论依据。

The author of this paper has analyzed theoretically the chemical and physical process of decontamination. The author holds that mechanism of decontamination consists in combination of six chemical reactors. The scientific basis for selecting decontaminants are proposed as well in this paper.

(15)本文提出了解决这一问题的新方法。这种方法简单而又切实可行。

A new method for solving this problem is resented ,which is simple and practicable. (16)摘要：针对当前在实际中使用的加热炉和轧机的匹配制度存在的缺陷 ,提出一种基于钢坯期望出炉温度的推钢速率控制策略和基于斜坡函数的待轧控制策略 ,从而优化了加热炉和轧机的匹配制度 ,工业试验证明了这种匹配制度的合理性、简单性和易行性。

Abstract: For defects in matching rules of re-heating furnace with rolling mill ,this paper proposed a push rate control strategy based on the target drop-out temperature and rolling delay control strategy based on temperature ramping rate, thus matching of reheating furnace with rolling mill is optimized. The proposed matching rules are feasible ,simple and easy to be implemented.

Lecture10

1. 人的体温是靠消耗血液中的糖份来维持的。

Our bodies are heated by the consumption of sugar in the blood. 2. 记录为知识的传递提供了条件,并帮助它不断继续发展下去。

Records provide for the transmission of knowledge and aid its continued growth. 3. 这类预言要是为实验所验证,那么,理论即得到了支持,并可导致形成某个定律或原理。

Verification of these predictions by experiment supports the theory and may lead to formulation of a law or principle. 4. 必须确定新设计的效率。

The efficiency of the new design must be determined.

Or: it is necessary to determine the efficiency of the new design.

5. 所有这些使人混淆不清的问题,都可以利用被动语态来加以避免。 All these confusing questions can be avoided by using the passive.

6. 由于担心恐怖分子可能将天花作为生物武器,约140名美国卫生官员日前接种了天花疫苗。

About 140 US health officials are being vaccinated against smallpox amid warnings that it could be used as biological weapon.

7. 需要有关怎样在医学上使用按钮电话的资料。

Information is needed as to how the touch-tone phone can be used in medicine.

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