（英文）标点符号用法总结

（英文）标点符号用法

英文中常用的标点符号： ． period 句号 ， comma 逗号 ： colon 冒号 ； semicolon 分号 ！ exclamation 惊叹号 ？ question mark 问号 ￣ hyphen 连字符 ' apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号 — dash 破折号 ‘’ single quotation marks 单引号 “” double quotation marks 双引号 ( ) parentheses 圆括号 [] square brackets 方括号 《》 French quotes 法文引号；书名号 ... ellipsis 省略号 ¨ tandem colon 双点号 \ditto 同上 ‖ parallel 双线号 ／ virgule 斜线号 ＆ ampersand = and ～ swung dash 代字号 § section ; division 分节号 → arrow 箭号；参见号 ＋ plus 加号；正号 － minus 减号；负号 a plus or minus 正负号 ? is multiplied by 乘号 ÷ is divided by 除号 ＝ is equal to 等于号 ≠ is not equal to 不等于号 ≡ is equivalent to 全等于号 ≌ is equal to or approximately 等于或约等于号

equal to

≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号 ＜ is less than 小于号 ＞ is more than 大于号 ≤ is not less than 不小于号 ≥ is not more than 不大于号

? is less than or equal to ? is more than or equal to ％ per cent ? per mill ∞ infinity ∝ varies as √ (square) root ∵ since ; because ∴ hence ∷ equals as (proportion) 等于，成比例 ∟ angle 角 ? semicircle 半圆 ≦ circle 圆 ○ circumference 圆周 π pi 圆周率 △ triangle 三角形 ≧ perpendicular to 垂直于 ∪ union of 并，合集 ∩ intersection of 交，通集 ∫ the integral of ?的积分 ∑ (sigma) summation of 总和 ? degree 度 ? minute 分 ? second 秒 ＃ number ?号 ℃ Celsius system 摄氏度 ＠ at 单价

小于或等于号

大于或等于号 百分之? 千分之? 无限大号 与?成比例 平方根 因为 所以

以下是具体使用方法 （一）逗号的用法

1. 在并列连词（and, but, for, nor, or, yet ）前使用，用来连接句中的各分句。

In fact you do, but you may not remember me. （p17 全日制普通高级中学教科书（必修）英语第一册（下）Senior English for China Student’s Book 1B 以下标有页码未特别注明出处的皆出自本书）

2. 用逗号来分隔一系列单词、词组和从句。

In summer, people like to go sailing, swimming, horse-riding and rock-climbing in the mountains. （p42）

Red, pink, yellow and white roses filled the huge vases. （牛津现代高级英汉双解词典第6版 附录4 标点使用法）

In the summer of 1984, many trees died.

3. 逗号用来分隔与句子其他部分密切相连的简短插入语或旁白。（较长的，更为突兀的或复杂的插入成分的则用破折号或圆括号。）

Chemical fertilization，for example, helps to produce better crops, but is harmful to the environment. （p45-46）

4. 在并列形容词，即分别修饰同一个名词的形容词之间使用逗号，但也有的形容词之间不加逗号的。

For men, heroism was usually described as bravery and the active, successful overcoming of adversity.

5. 用逗号来分隔非限定性修饰语，即该修饰语对于句子的意义并非必不可少。非限定性修饰语与限定性修饰语的区别在于，它即使被省略，也不会改变句子的主要意思。 (1) 同位语

Ma De, former Party secretary of Suihua, in Northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province, was charged with taking bribes worth 6.03 million yuan during his 10 years in various government positions. (China Daily July29, 2005)

At the World Park, one of the largest theme parks in China, visitors can look at buildings, castles and statues from more than thirty countries. （P66）

注意：限定性同位语不用逗号隔开。

US President George W. Bush said on Wednesday that he looked forward to meeting President Hu Jintao later this year. （China Daily July29, 2005） (2) 从句

A brief comparison with the most famous chivalric drama, which was written fifteen years earlier, clarifies the uniqueness of Thon’s play.

与那部最著名的，完成于十五年前的骑士剧的简短比较，表明了索恩这部剧作的独特性。

When they discovered it about 1,000 years ago, they called it Aotearoa, which means “Land of the long white cloud”. （P38） (3) 副词短语和从句

Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. （P59） He was born in Yidu, Shandong Province. （P48） By the way, did you hear about Sue’s car? Oh, so that’s where it was.

6. 逗号可以用在一个很长的引导性短语或从句后，逗号还可以用来分隔表示选择或对比关系的短语。

You can feel what it is like to live in space, walk on the ocean floor or ski with polar bears at the North Pole. （P69）

And remember, it is better to eat a potato than to be one. （P75）

7. 在以“月、日、年”为次序排列的日期间使用逗号。如果这种次序的日期出现在句子中间，则在“年”后也加上逗号。

Martin Luther King, Jr., was born on January 15, 1929, and died on April 4, 1968.

但在以“日、月、年”为次序排列的日期间，不使用逗号。

Martin Luther King, Jr., was born on 15 January 1929, and died on 4 April 1968. 在“月”和“年”之间，或“季节”和“年”之间，不使用逗号。

The events of July 1789 are as familiar to the French as those of July 1776 are to Americans. 发生在1789年7月的那些事件对于法国人来说，就像美国人对于发生在1776年7月的那些时间一样熟悉。

8. 在表示地名时

Pandas come from China, Asia.

9. 用以将一导言的或转变语气的词或短语（如therefore, however, by the way, for instance）与句中其余部分隔开。

Yes, it certainly had an eventful day. In fact, I don’t even know her name.

10. 书写对话时用于某某说等词语前后。 “Come back soon,” she said. 11. 用于短小的引语前。

Disraeli said, “Little things affect little minds.”

（二）对话及引语标点符号用法

1. 对话

(1) 说话人在前，说话内容在后。一般而言，say后用逗号，引号内第一个单词第一个字母大写，引文内句子意思完整，则标点符号（句号、叹号、问号、省略号、破折号等）放在引号内。

My friend said, “You’re getting compulsive about this stuff.”

(2) 说话人在后，说话内容全部前置。一般而言，如果是陈述句，引号内用逗号，引号外第一个单词第一个字母小写；如果是疑问句或感叹句，引号内用问号或感叹号，引号外第一单词第一个字母小写。

“It’s a deal,” he said, laughing. “No,” he said.

“You coming back?” the policeman asked.

(3) 说话人在中间，说话内容分列于说话人前后。一般而言，说话人（he）引号内用逗号，引号外第一个单词的第一个字母小写；如果he said（有时也用said he或其他形式）后用句号，则后边引号第一个单词第一个字母用大写；如果he said后用逗号，则后边引号第一个单词的第一个字母也小写。

“I bet,” he said. “Can I try it?”

“You can go any place you want,” Beto said, “but I think you’ll find what you need.” （p73 Field Work, Bruce Jackson, University of Illinois Press）

“They agreed to continue consultations,” said Qin Gang, spokesman for the Chinese delegation. “The meetings alone are progress.” （China Daily July29, 2005）

2. 引语

(1) 英语中，如果所引用的句子不是特别长，且不需特别强调，可以直接用引号表示引语部分。

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,” wrote Charles Dickens about the eighteenth century.

查尔斯?狄更斯对于十八世纪这样写道，“这是最好的时代，同时也是最糟的时代。”

Their raincoats have been left behind, for the radio reports “Fair tonight and tomorrow with gentle westerly winds.”

(2) 也有只引用一个词或词组的。

And while “a picture may be worth a thousand words,” this is true only if the picture is taken in a particular way and is then properly analyzed.

Yet for multitudes, the photographic record is true because “the camera cannot lie.”

For Charles Dickens, the eighteenth century was both “the best of times” and “the worst of times.”

句中的 “the worst of times.” 引号内的句号常放在引号外。（审读室建议咱们报社统一采用此种形式。）

When they discovered it about 1,000 years ago, they called it Aotearoa, which means “Land of the long white cloud”. （P38）

(3) 引语可以放在句首、句中或句末。或为了文体风格的需要，用自己的话将引语拆开。

“He was obeyed,” writes Joseph Conrad of the company manager in Heart of Darkness, “yet he inspired neither love nor fear, nor even respect.” “他的话大家都服从，”约瑟夫?康拉德在《黑暗的中心》里这样描绘一位公司经理，“但他并未因此激发别人的爱和恨，也没赢得尊敬。”

(4) 其他（高二?外研新标准版?第11期?B4?交际英语）

You can ask “Where was I?”

You can say “Once upon a time or long, long ago, etc.” For example, … Can I say “Long ago a son and his father were walking on the mountains”? 补充：引语中，引号和其它符号配合使用时，美国的通用方法是： a.句号和逗号放在引号之内； b.冒号和分号放在引号之外；

c.破折号、问号和感叹号，如只是与引语有关，放在引号之内；如与整个句子有关，则放在引语之外。

（三）中英文夹杂情况下的标点用法

（除整篇文章是中英文夹杂的情况，其他情况主要按中文的表达方式处理） 1. 词语释义的表达方式

(1) 一般而言，英文词或词组后直接跟中文释义，各词义间用分号隔开（各词义如相近或相同也可以用逗号，词义相差较远或不同时用分号），释义完毕用句号，再接“如”（或又如、比如等），“如”后用冒号。

make up构成；形成；组成。（又）如：

Manufacturing and mining make up most of the country’s industry.制造业和采矿业构成了这个国家产业的大部分。 （P142）

(2) 对英文词或词组进行解说式释义时，释义部分加引号，各词义间用分号隔开（各词义如相近或相同也可以用逗号，词义相差较远或不同时用分号），释义后的标点符号放在引号外。

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