D345- Standard Test Method for Sampling& Structural Applications

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Designation: D 345– 97

Standard Test Method for

Sampling and Testing Calcium Chloride for Roads and Structural Applications1This standard is issued under the xed designation D 345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers sampling of solid and liquid forms of calcium chloride, and sieve analysis of solid form calcium chloride. Referee procedures for chemical analysis are covered in Test Methods E 449. 1.2 A rapid method of chemical analysis is shown in Appendix X1. This rapid method is not to be used for determining chemical compliance of calcium chloride with speci cation requirements, such as in Speci cation D 98. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates2 D 98 Speci cation for Calcium Chloride3 D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials3 E 11 Speci cation for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes4 E 449 Test Methods for Analysis of Calcium Chloride5 3. Signi cance and Use 3.1 This test method describes procedures to be used for sampling calcium chloride, and for determining grading of solid forms of calcium chloride for comparison with the requirements of a speci cation, such as Speci cation D 98.

4. Apparatus 4.1 Sampling Equipment: 4.1.1 Sampling Tube—Metal tube, approximately 25 to 40 mm (1 to 11 2 in.) diameter, and of appropriate length (500 mm (20 in.), minimum). 4.1.2 Sampling Bottle—Sampling devices such as described in Practice D 140 may be used. 4.1.3 Sampling Containers—Glass bottles or semi-rigid plastic containers with covers with air-tight seal. The containers shall have wide mouths or openings for solid-form calcium chloride. 4.2 Sieves, with the size openings required for the test, shall conform to the requirements of Speci cation E 11. 4.3 Balances, having a capacity of at least 250 g, shall be readable to 0.1 g, and shall be accurate to 0.1 g or 0.1% of the test load, whichever is greater, at any point within the range of use. 5. Sampling 5.1 Solid-Form Calcium Chloride: 5.1.1 Package Shipments—Select not less than three containers at random from the shipment. For drums, sample each of the containers by scraping aside the top layer to a depth of approximately 25 mm (1 in.) and taking 0.5-kg (1-

lb) samples by means of a sampling tube or other method that will ensure a sample that is representative of a cross section of the materials in the container to a depth of at least 150 mm (6 in.). For bags, take 0.5-kg (1 lb) samples by means of a sampling tube penetrating at least 300 mm (1 ft) into the bag. For small containers with capacity not more than 5 kg (10 lb), use the entire contents of the container. 5.1.2 Bulk Shipments—Select samples from at least three locations in the shipment. Scrape aside the top layer to a depth of approximately 300 mm (1 ft). Using a sampling tube, obtain a sample extending from the cleared surface to at least 50% of the depth of the material in the container, or a depth of approximately 1 m (3 ft), whichever is less. Each sample shall contain at least 0.5 kg (1 lb) of material. 5.1.3 Use caution during the sampling operation to avoid exposing the sample unduly to atmospheric moisture. Immediately and thoroughly mix the individual samples to form a

1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.31 on Calcium and Sodium Chlorides and Other Deicing Materials. Current edition approved May 10, 1997. Published April 1998. Originally published as D 345– 32 T. Last previous edition D 345– 90e1. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.

Copyright© ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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representativecompositesampleofmaterialandstoreina

sealedglassorsuitableplasticcontainer.

5.2Liquid-FormCalciumChloride,BulkShipmentsor

Storage—Obtainasampleofatleast500mL(1pt)fromthe

bulkshippingcontainerorstoragetankorduringdischarge.

Recirculatethesolutioninthetankuntilitishomogenous,then

takeoneormoresamplesbymeansofanappropriatesampling

device.

5.2.1Usecautionduringthesamplingoperationtoavoid

exposingthesampleundulytoatmosphericmoisture.Ifmore

thanonesampleistaken,immediatelyandthoroughlymixthe

individualsamplestoformarepresentativecompositesample

ofmaterialandstoreinasealedglassorsuitableplastic

container.

6.Procedure

6.1SieveAnalysis:

6.1.1Sieveapproximately200gofcalciumchloride,

weighedtothenearest0.1g,inconformancewithMethod

C136,exceptthatsievingshallbecompletedwithin1min6

5s(seeNote1).Usethesievesizesnecessarytoprovidethe

informationrequiredbythespeci cationcoveringthematerial,

andsuchothersizesasnecessarytoregulatetheamountofmaterialonasieve,togetherwithabottompanandacover.Reportthesieveanalysisonthebasisofthegradingrequire-mentsinSpeci cationD98orotherapplicablespeci cation.NOTE1—Itisimportantthatthesievingbecompletedwithinapproxi-mately1minandweighingbecompletedquicklyduetothehygroscopicnatureofcalciumchloride.Whenpossible,thesieveanalysisshouldbeperformedinanareawithlowrelativehumidity.6.2ChemicalAnalysis—Determinethechemicalcomposi-tionofthesampleusingTestMethodE449.7.PrecisionandBias7.1SieveAnalysis:7.1.1Precision—etheprecisionindexesofTestMethodC136asaguideforthesieveanalysiscarriedoutunderthistestmethod.7.1.2Bias—Sincethereisnoacceptedreferencematerialsuitablefordeterminingbiasfortheprocedureformeasuringthesieveanalysisofcalciumchloride,nostatementonbiasisbeingmade.8.Keywords8.1calciumchloride;grading;sampling;sieveanalysis

APPENDIX

(NonmandatoryInformation)

X1.RAPIDMETHODOFANALYSISFORCALCIUMCHLORIDE

X1.1Scope

X1.1.1Thisappendixcoversarapidmethodforchemical

analysisofcalciumchloride.

X1.2Signi canceandUse

X1.2.1Theprocedureforchemicalanalysisinthisappendix

determinestotalchlorides(CaCl2,MgCl2,NaCl,KCl,etc.)

presentinthesampleandexpressesthatvalueascalcium

chloride.

X1.2.2Thisrapidmethodonlydeterminestotalchlorides,

anddoesnotguaranteethatthechlorideispresentascalcium

chloride,thereforenomaterialshouldbeacceptedorrejected

underthismethodofanalysis.However,whenusedincon-

junctionwithTestMethodE449oncontinuingshipmentsfrom

agivensource,theproceduremaybeusedtodetermine

changesinthecompositionofthematerialbeingfurnished,

especiallywithregardtomoisturecontent.Thusthefrequency

oftestingbyTestMethodE449maybereduced.

X1.3Apparatus

X1.3.1Glassware—Standardweighingbottles,volumetric

asks,andburets.

X1.3.2Balance,asdescribedin4.3.

X1.4Reagents

X1.4.1Nitricacid(HNO3),1+1byvolume.

X1.4.2Dichloro uorescein—0.1%aqueoussolutionofthe

sodiumsaltofdichloro uorescein.X1.4.3SilverNitrateSolution—0.1NAgNO3.X1.4.4AmmoniumHydroxide(NH4OH).X1.5ProcedureX1.5.1Weigha20.060.2-gsampleinaweighingbottle.Adddistilledwatertosolidformcalciumchloridetodissolve.Addsufficientnitricacid(HNO3)(1+1)toclear,diluteto1000mLinavolumetric ask,andmixthoroughly.Titratea10-mLaliquot,containing vetosevendropsofthedichlorof-luoresceinsolutionasindicator,with0.1Nsilvernitrate(AgNO3)eofothersuitableindicatorsispermitted.X1.5.2Thisprocedureisnotsuitablefortestingthematerialifmorethanaslightprecipitateofmagnesiumhydroxide(Mg(OH)2)appearswhena10% lteredsolutionofthematerialismadealkalinewithammoniumhydroxide(NH4OH).X1.6CalculationX1.6.1CalculatethetotalchloridesexpressedaspercentCaCl2,C,asfollows:C5mL0.1NAgNO332.77(X1.1)X1.7PrecisionandBiasX1.7.1Thisprocedureforchemicalanalysisisnotintendedforprecisemeasurementordeterminationofspeci cationcompliance.Statementsforprecisionandbiasarethereforenot

necessary.

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ersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.

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