5四种完成进行时态、时态复习与被动语态

LESSON FIVE

四种完成进行时态与时态复习与被动语态

导言

在学习了进行时态和完成时态之后，我们就很容易理解

完成进行时态。它既有完成时的态─过去发生的动作一直持

续到说话时的含义，又有进行态─--给人以生动的画面感，

使语气更强的意义。也就是说它们是完成与进行两种“态”

的结合。

▲ 完成进行时态的构成

现在完成进行时态 过去完成进行时态 将来完成进行时态 过去将来完成进行时态 have (has) been doing had been doing will have been doing would have been doing 在学习完成时态时，我们已经了解完成时态有两种用法。 1、 过去的动作对说话时产生的影响。 2、 过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时。

完成进行时态只具备完成时态的第2种用法，即过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时，并加入进行时给人的画面感，使语气更强。下面通过完成进行时态与完成时态的比较加以说明。

▲ 现在完成进行时态

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● My teacher has been working on that subject the last two

years.

● My teacher has worked on that subject the last two years. 这两年我的老师一直在研究那个课题。

第一句与第二句除了在持续性上相同外，还多了一种画面感，好像能够看到那位老师埋头工作的情景，所以语气更强。但用汉语很难译出两个句子的区别。

● I have been waiting for you. ● I have waited for you.

第一句给人的感觉比第二句更亲切，好像能够看到说话人等待的样子。

▲ 过去完成进行时态

● He was tired. He had been working all day. ● He was tired. He had worked all day. 他累了。他干了一整天。

第一句由于有进行时态的画面感，给人的感觉要比第二句给人的感觉更“辛苦”些。

▲ 将来完成进行时态

● Mr. Smith will have been living in China for exactly twenty

years in another month’s time.

● Mr. Smith will have lived in China for twenty years in another

month’s time.

再过一个月，史密斯先生在中国就整整住了二十年了。 第一句语气要比第二句强，更能给人一种史密斯在中国住了很长时间的感觉。

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▲ 过去将来完成进行时态

● He said that by the end of this year he would have been

studying English for three years.

● He said that by the end of this year he had studied English for

three years.

注：第一句想要给对方一种他学了很长时间英语的感觉。第二

句则比较平淡。

被动语态

被动语态是动词的一种形式，只有主谓宾句型才有被动语态，它所强调的，不是动作的发出者，而是动作的接受者，在掌握了时态以后，学习被动语态并不难，重要的是牢记被动语态的动词形式，我们在后面为大家列的表格，请大家熟记。

● The policeman arrested the thief.

The thief was arrested (by the policeman).

注：如果没有必要强调动作的发出者，我们可以把by the policeman省略。

● The teacher can translate this sentence in different ways.

This sentence can be translated in different ways.

▲ 被动语态表

一般时态 am 现在 is done are was done 过去 were 将来 进行时态 am being is done are was being done were 完成时态 have has been done had been done shall have been will done should have been 47

shall be done will 过去should be done

将来 would would done

重要提示

时态是英语中非常复杂的概念，必须通过长期的阅读和在实际会话中细心体会。我们通过下面的表，试图让同学们抓住时态中最主要的用法和规律。英语时态是“时”与“态”的结合，即四种时间概念+四种不同的情态（实际上只有两种情态，进行态和完成态，一般时不含情态，完成进行态是完成态与进行态的结合。）如果从这样一个角度去理解，把下表竖列的时间+横行的情态，就能够比较容易掌握16种时态。希望在练习时，细心体会，多问为什么。 （附时态表两张，以帮助同学们复习。请见本书后的附录1.附录2.）

阅读与欣赏 ●Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don’t

recognize them. ----------ANN LANDERS

机遇往往乔装成一项艰难的工作，所以大多数人才识别不出来。

●Opportunities are seldom labeled（标签）. --------JOHN A. SHEDD

很少有贴着标签的机遇。

●I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.----Thomas hardy, British poet and novelist 可以说成功要靠三件事才能赢得：努力、努力、再努力。 英国诗人

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●Our life is frittered(浪费) away by detail. Simplify it, simplify it.

------------David Thoreau Henry, Aerican writer

我们的生活都被琐事浪费掉了，简单点，简单点。-美国作家 亨利 . D. T. ●Without health, no pleasure can be tasted by man.

-Henry Bollingbroke, British statesman

没有健康就没有乐趣。 ----------英国政治家 博林布鲁克 .H. ●Lost wealth may be replaced by industry, lost knowledge by study, lost health by temperance (节制)or medicine, but lost time is gone for ever.

-------Samuel Smiles, British writer

失去的财富可以靠勤奋换来，失去的知识可以靠学习得来，失去的健康 可以靠节制或药物得来，但是失去的光阴一去不复返。

---英国作家 斯迈尔斯 . S.

●Truth exists, only falsehood has to be invented.----GEORGES BGAQUE

真理原本就存在，谎言才是人发明的。

Four Words

Heather and Marcy met for lunch. After a while, they started talking about their love lives. Marcy said that there wasn’t anyone special in her life. Heather, on the other hand, was smiling happily about the new man in hers. “He’s perfect（好极了）,” she said. “Last night, just as we were about to leave the restaurant, he said the four little words I’ve been waiting to hear a man say.”

“Let me guess（猜）,” said Marcy. “He said, ‘Will you marry me?’” “No,” replied Heather. “He said, ’Put your money away.”（把你的钱收起来）

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A New Employee（雇员） Several（几个） weeks after a young man had been hired（雇佣）, he was called into the personnel director’s（人事主任） office.

“What is the meaning of this?” the director asked. “When you applied for（申请） the job, you told us you had five years’ experience（经验）. Now we discover this is the first job you ever help.

“Well,” the young man said, “in your advertisement you said you wanted somebody with imagination.”（想象力）

Jack club

Oh Dear!（昂贵的，亲爱的）

In a gift shop one day I was attracted to two identical（完全相同的）wooden deer. I picked up one to check the price. It was $34.90. Out of curiosity（好奇）, I looked at the price on the other. It was $54.90. I couldn’t resist a saving of $20, so I bought the $34.90 deer. Feeling pleased with myself, but somewhat guilty as I left the shop, I heard one salesgirl say to the other, “It never fails.”

My Wife Had A Baby

At the entrance（入口）to a big office in London there was a book which all employees（雇员）had to sign when they arrived each morning. At nine o’clock, the manager’s secretary, who lived in a small flat above the office, had to draw a red line under the last name in the book, and anyone who came after that had to explain why he was late.

Whenever there was a thick fog in the city, the first person to arrive late usually wrote ‘Delayed by fog’ under the red line in the book, and then everybody else who came after that just put ‘ditto’（同上）underneath（在下面）.

But one foggy morning, the first man to arrive late wrote ‘My wife had a baby early this morning’ instead of ‘Delayed by fog’ under the red line in the book. Twenty or thirty people who came after him put ‘ditto’ underneath this as usual.

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练 习

一、将下来句子译成中文，注意句子中时态的使用，并对每组句子

加以比较。

1. We have been cleaning the classroom. We have cleaned the classroom. 2. Who has been eating my apple? Who has eaten my apple? 3. Have you had lunch? When did you have lunch?

4. Who’s been here while I was out? Who was here while I was out? 5. How has he done it? How did he do it?

6. We have lived in London for eight years. We lived in London for eight years. 7. You are lying.

You have been lying.

8. He came here after he finished school. He came here after he had finished school. 9. Tomorrow is Friday. Tomorrow will be Friday.

二、将下列句子译成中文。注意动词时态的用法并说明原因。 1. I have been telling you hundreds of times to be more attentive. 2. They had been climbing for two hours when they at last reached

the summit of the mountain.

3. It is two o’clock now, and I have been working already for three

hours, at five o’clock I shall have been working for six hours.

4. He said that by the end of that year he would have been working in

the factory for twenty years.

5. Hijacks are dangerous because they are using the most valuable

assets (财产) in our democracies (民主国家), human life, to pressure (压力) government to concede (让步) to their demands.

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6. The revolution of larger and much quieter aircraft is beginning to

reduce noise levels under the flight paths.

7. Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers (裤

子) in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket? When you rescued (抢救) your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white?

8. If the “fasten seat belts” flash on in flight, obey them quickly; the

aircraft may be about to enter turbulence (颠簸气流) and passengers who are walking about, especially at the back, could be thrown around.

9. Pumas are large, cat-like animals that are found in America. When

reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted (看见) forty-five miles south of London, no one believed it.

三、 将下列句子变成被动语态。

1. She is drawing a picture of the house. 2. They will invite Tom to the party.

3. Workers should do the work with great care.

4. They will postpone the meeting till next Wednesday. 5. My mother doesn’t allow me to eat out. 6. He has repaired my car.

7. They are going to give a dinner party.

8. The teacher was explaining the text when I came in. 9. The teacher has corrected these exercise books. 10. The policemen have caught the thief.

四、 动词的适当时态填空。

1. The Yangtze River (flow) into the East China Sea. 2. His father (die) ten years ago.

3. He (serve) in the army from 1970 to 1980. 4. He (serve) in the army since he was 18. 5. Rome (be not built) in a day.

6. He (live) in China for ten years. But he and his wife live in America now.

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7. My watch (work) perfectly now.

8. When he (be) in Northeast he (always complain of) the cold.

9. You came here late. She (already go). 10. We (not be) there lately.

11. In spring, the weather (get) warm and the field (turn) green.

12. Hurry up! It (get) late. 13. –Where (be) he now?

–He (listen) to the radio in the next room.

14. Please tell me where you (buy) the dictionary. 15. What he (do) this time last year?

16. The two dogs (fight) for the last ten minutes.

17. My father (teach) in the school for ten years now. He ( teach) there even since it was set up.

18. She (knock) on the door for several minutes . 19. At last he found the book he (look for).

20. He couldn’t go to sleep because he (talk) too long.

21. When we got there, we found that they (leave) ten minutes before.

22. John (complete) the course by next Saturday.

23. At this time, tomorrow I (wait) for you at the gate of our school.

24. Mary said she (study) in the college for ten years by June.

25. The teacher (write) an article recently and (finish) it in a day or two.

五、完成下列句子。

1. Our teacher told us that （我们将要开一门英语会话课）.

2. We learned that （他们第二天就要到边疆去了）. 3. （我们在讨论计划）the whole morning

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yesterday.

4. （我没有见到他）for a long time.

5. （他一直在看报上的一篇文章）the whole evening before you came.

6. （我们一直是好朋友）since our middle-school. 7. In the near future （我们就用计算机了）. 8. He said by the end of next month （他整整在中国住了五年了）.

9. Once you get used to it, you （会发现这个工作容易多了）.

10. （史密斯先生来了）. He （他告诉你）more about the university. He （教英语）here for ten years.

六、 用适当的时态填空

1. To whom I (give) this book when I (arrive) in

London?

2. I (do) not (know) that he (come) back so

late last night.

3. We (send) for a doctor if he (be) not better in the

morning.

4. At that time, she still (have) some doubts in mind. her parents (agree) with her on the plan? they (lend) her any money?

5. I was listening to her carefully so I (see) what he (mean).

6. His eyes filled with tears when he met his family after a long

separation. He (be never) so excited before in his life. 7. By this time next spring they (turn) the land here into rich

fields.

8. Up till then we hadn’t had a chance to visit the college though we

_____(hope) to do so for more than 10 years.

9. He (ask) the teacher if she (be) free that evening. 10. He (ask) the teacher a question if she (be) free this

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afternoon.

11. We (be) late for class if we (not hurry).

12. It was dark night. The wind (blow) hard and the rain (fall) heavily. An old man suddenly (appear) on the bank of the river. He (escape) from the jail where they (lock up) him for 15 years.

13. The play is very successful. By the end of this month, it

(run上演) for six months.

14. She should take a rest. She (work) hard.

15. When I (find) Mary, she (cry) for several hours. 16. What’s wrong with the man? He (stand) on the corner all

day.

17. I’m sure we (meet) before. 18. －Can you invite Tom to our party?

－He (break) his leg.

19. He (learn) skating for over 5 years, but he still (fall)

some times now.

20. The whole thing is not as simple as we first (think). 21. People (always want) to fly like birds, birds (can

fly) easily because they (be) light; but men’s bodies (be) heavier.

22. Our vicar(牧师) (always raise(募集)) money for one

cause or another, but he (never manage) to get enough money to have church clock repaired.

七、 选择

1. Her grandmother for five years. a. has died b. died

c. has dead d. has been dead

2. The guide told us that an incident here in 1930.

a. was taken place b. would take place c. had taken place d. has taken place?

3. The teacher it was important to know English grammar. a. is always saying b. was always saying

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c. had always said d. has always said

4. Don’t talk to me. I to learn this poem by heart.

a. try b. tried c. am trying d. was trying 5. The reading room at 9 in the evening.

a. is close b. closes c. closed d. has closed

6. she ?

a. Does, marry b. Has, married c. Have, married d. Is, married

7. The car 5000 dollars.

a. has cost b. costed c. is costed d. cost 8. When I was 20 years old, I learned French, but I all accept a few words.

a. had forgotten b. have forgotten c. forget d. forgot

9. The Foreign Minister visit America next month.

a. is to b. is going to c. visits d. will have visited 10. The teacher told us the Earth around the Sun. a. moves b. moved c. was moving d. had moved

11. I that you have found a job.

a. have seen b. see c. am seeing d. was seeing 12. Once you the brand of whisky, you will never want to drink any other.

a. drunk b. have drunk c. will drink d. drank

13. When the plane ?

a. has, taken off b. did, take off c. has, take off d. had, taken off 14. He a book, and now he needs a holiday. a. has been writing b. had been writing c. will be writing d. was writing

15. My father to America several times.

a. went b. has gone c. has been d. had been 16. I’m not going out until the rain . a. will stop b. stopped c. has stopped d. had stopped

17. He was disappointed that all of the guests when he

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at the party.

a. left, had arrived b. left, arrived c. had left, had arrived d. had left, arrived

18. How long you the army till now? a. did, join b. have, joined c. have, been d. have, served in

19. Where you ?

a. have, gone b. have, left c. did, go d. had, been

20. If you anything, please let me know.

a. need b. needed c. have need d. will be needing 21. By the end of last year, I 10 thousand dollars, and by now, I 15 thousand dollars. I think by the end of next year, I 20 thousand. a. saved, save, will save

b. had saved, have saved, will save c. save, was saving, will save

d. had saved, have saved, will have saved 22. I with my mother at 5 this afternoon. a. shall be visiting b. will have visited c. will have been visited d. will have visited

23. The modern technology to shrink(缩短) the distances of

runways which large and fast aircraft use. a. has begun b. have begun c. began d. had begun

24. Don’t stand up until the plane . a. has stopped b. stopped c. will stop d. is stopping

25. We for her for two hours by the time she came.

a. have waited b. have been waiting b. will have waited d. had been waiting

26. We ____ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. a. just have had b. have just had c. just had d. had just had

27. She ought to stop work; she had a headache because she ____

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too long.

a. had read b. read

c. is reading d. has been reading 28. By the end of this month, we surely ____ a satisfactory

solution to the problem.

a. have found b. will be finding c. will have found d. are finding

29. By the end of the year all but two people ____ . a. have left b. will leave c. will be leaving d. will have left

八、 选择（本栏目题全部来自历年高考原卷，很多题通过率只有

30%左右，可见学生在时态上非常混乱，希望同学们在做题时，能够举一反三，真正掌握时态的精髓。）

1. If city noises from increasing, people shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 2. –Hey, look where you are going? --Oh, I’m terribly sorry. . A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice

3. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You come, but

why didn’t you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 4. –We could have walked to the station, it was so near. --Yes, A taxi at all necessary,

A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t D. won’t be 5. --Do you know our town at all?

--No, this is the first time I here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

6. Tom into the house when no one .

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A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked

7. My dictionary . I have looked for it everywhere but still it.

A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t find C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found 8. In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar.

A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 9. –I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

--Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

10. I need one more stamp before my collection .

A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 11. -- the sports meet might be put off. --Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told

12. As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.

A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell

13. Shirley a book about china last year but I don’t know

whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing

14. You don’t need to describe her. I Her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 15.–Who is Jerry Cooper?

-- ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet

16. Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her

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husband home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D.left; came 17.—I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time. --What do you suppose to him?

A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened

18. –How long each other before they married? --For about a year.

A. have they known; get

B. did they know; were going to get C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got

19. The pen I I is on my desk, right under my nose.

A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost 20.—Oh, it’s you! I you.

--I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.

A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize 21. –Nancy is not coming tonight. --But she !

A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 22. –Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

--I am tired. I the living room all day.

A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted

23. The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down 24. –You’re drinking too much.

--Only at home. No one me but you.

A. is seeing B. had seen

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C. sees D. saw

25. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum.

A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken

26. All the preparations for the task , and we’re ready to start.

A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 27. --________ my glasses?

--Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 28. –You’ve left the light on.

--Oh, so I have. and turn it off.

A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going 29. –How are you today?

--Oh, I as ill as I do now for a very long time.

A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt 30. My uncle until he was forty-five.

A. married B. was not married C. was not marrying D. would marry 31. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.

A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose

32. A new cinema here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built

九、 用动词的适当时态填空

Caught Between Two Cultures

I was born and 1 ( raise ) in Hong Kong. For the past six years I 2 (live) in the United States. I 3 (work) as a salesgirl in a large

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department store. Right now I 4 (go) through a difficult period of my life which 5 (be) hard for me to talk about.

A few months ago I 6 (go) to Hong Kong for a visit. It 7 (be) the first time I’d gone back there since coming to the United States. I 8 (be) eager to see my parents, my brothers and sisters, and my friends. I really 9 (get) a shock when I 10 (arrive). Hong Kong 11 (be) not the same city I 12 (leave) six years ago. Things 13 (change) so much that I 14 (not recognize) parts of it. My elementary school 15 (be)gone. The house on the street where I 16 (use) to live 17 (tear down) and replaced by office buildings.

The shock from the physical changes in the city, however, 18 (be) nothing compared to the confusion and hurt I soon 19 (begin) to feel in my parents’ home. My family 20 (greet) me warmly when I 21 (arrive). While my mother 22 (prepare) a special dinner in my honor, the rest of the family eagerly 23 (ask) me questions about my life in the United States. I 24 (feel) happy that day and for a couple of days after, but then I 25 (begin) to feel that something 26 (be) wrong. I 27 (notice) that my family, especially my mother, sometimes 28 (glance) at me in a strange way when I 29 (speak). They gradually 30 (become) less warm and friendly toward me, and I 31 (become) uncomfortable and 32 (confuse) as to why they 33 (behave) that way.

I 34 (decide) to talk to my mother. She 35 (ask) me, “ 36 you 37 (forget) your Chinese way?” I 38 (ask) her what she 39 (mean). She 40 (say), “You 41 (forget) the place of a woman in a Chinese home. You 42 (talk) when you 43 (remain) silent. You 44 (speak) on matters that 45 (be) concerned only to the men. You 46 (speak) openly of your inner feelings and desires. That 47 (be) not the way of a Chinese woman. We 48 (keep) our thoughts and feelings to ourselves.”

As my mother spoke, I 49 (realize) what 50 (happen) to me. Americans, including American women, 51 (be) much freer in expressing their thoughts and feelings. Also American women 52 (feel) as free as the men to speak or give an opinion about any subject. They 53 (not take) a silent back seat during a discussion. I 54

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(guess) that through my association with Americans during the past six years, I 55 (gradually adopt) some of their ways.

During the next few days I 56 (try) to be a Chinese woman. But it 57 (not work). My family 58 (remain) distant from me. They 59 (can no longer accept) me fully as one of them. I 60 (become) more uncomfortable and hurt as things were said and done that 61 (make) me feel that I 62 (be) an outsider, a stranger in my own country.

I 63 (cut) my visit short by three weeks and 64 (come) back to the United States. But coming back here 65 (not lessen) the confusion and pain. In fact, I 66 (feel) more confused than before. I now 67 (feel) homeless. I 68 (not feel) like an American. Americans 69 (not accept) me. The women I 70 (work) with at the store are polite enough, but they 71 (not try) to get close to me or let me get close to them. During the morning coffee break they 72 (make) plans to have lunch together and go shopping. On Fridays they 73 (talk) about the disco place they 74 (go) to that night. They never 75 (include) me in their plans. My appearance, my name, and my oriental features 76 (mark) me as a foreigner. I 77 (feel) for a long time that I 78 (not accept) by Americans, but I 79 (feel) that I 80 (be) Chinese and that my home 81 (be) Hong Kong. Now I no longer 82 (consider) Hong Kong as my home. And so I 83 (feel) homeless. I 84 (catch) between the old world where I no longer 85 (belong) and the new world which 86 (not yet accept) me.

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