2020版英语大一轮复习讲义人教版（全国）话题晨背与阅读训练话题

第二节 话题阅读

(2018·北京，阅读理解D)

PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdreamyearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well

，，

thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcarsitshouldbenoted

，

andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California

，，

isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes

，

thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities，forbetterorforworse，dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.

Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars (andrightfullyso)，policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjamscutemissions(

排

放

)

andoffermoreconvenient

，，

affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.

Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscarsImagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelongslowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanworkentertainthemselvesorsleepontheride

？，，，

whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning

，

theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车) services.

AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric

，

self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(

基

础

设

施

)

andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerci

allyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices，

consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.

Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople，andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit. 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。并以此来引导考生辩证地看待问题。 47.Accordingtotheauthor，attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan . A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblems B.providebetterservicestocustomers C.causedamagetoourenvironment D.makesomepeoplelosejobs 答案 A 解

析

细

节

理

解

题

。

根

据

第

二

段

第

一

句

“Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafety...policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams，cutemissions(排放) andoffermoreconvenient，affordablemobilityoptions.”可知，人们对无人驾驶汽车的关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等方面。选项A“有助于解决与交通有关的问题”与此意思吻合。 48.Asfordriverlesscars，whatistheauthor’smajorconcern? A.Safety. C.Affordability. 答案 D

解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句并结合上文内容可知，作者希望政策的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理，不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面，与选项D提到的“(车辆)管理”吻合，显然这是作者比较关心的。

49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probablymean? A.Employed. C.Shared.

B.Replaced. D.Reduced. B.Sideeffects. D.Management.

答案 A 解析

词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容

并

结

合

下

句

中

“Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainly”

“asthepricesdropandmorepeople become comfortable with the technology”可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会被用到“叫车服务”中，选项A“使用”符合题意。

50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars? A.Doubtful. C.Disapproving. 答案 B 解

析

推

理

判

断

题

。

根

据

最

后

一

段

最

后

两

句

B.Positive. D.Sympathetic.

“Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.”可知，无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到，准备好迎接它的到来吧。由此推断作者对于这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。

1.predictv.预测；预言；预告 2.regulatev.规定；控制，管制 regulationn.规则，规定；法规；条例 3.affordableadj.买得起的；负担得起的

4.environmentallyfriendly对环境无害的，不损害环境的 5.individualadj.个人的；个体的 6.toleratev.容忍，忍受 7.minibusn.小型公共汽车 8.sideeffect副作用

9.cutthecostof降低……的成本

1.(第47题)[正确答案]A项helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblems [命题句子]Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars

(andrightfullyso)，policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthow self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options. 请在命题句子中划出能推出正确答案的词句。 2.(第50题)[正确答案]B项Positive.

[命题句子]The car of the future is coming.Wejusthaveto plan for it. 请在命题句子中划出能推出正确答案的词句。

3.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars

(andrightfullyso)

，，

policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjamscutemissions(排放) andoffermoreconvenient，affordablemobilityoptions.

翻译：虽然目前讨论的焦点集中在无人驾驶车的安全性上，但是政策制定者也应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮助减少交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择。 分析：while引导让步状语从句，表示该意思时，while通常置于句首。

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