大学英语四级阅读理解练习题

阅读理解

It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.

Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.

Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all

night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’

One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.

1. What is the most important factor in their doing business?

[A] Mysticism.

[B] Religion.

[C] Meditation.

[D] Investment.

2. Whom do they consult?

[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.

[B] Wali Ullah.

[C] Old Kings.

[D] Carnegie.

3. Why did Hadisike hasten to add \companies also hold modern personnel management systems??

[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.

[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.

[C] To show they hired qualified persons.

[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.

4. According to the passage, the function of the meditation is______.

[A] to gain profit from the god.

[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.

[C] to gain foreknowledge.

[D] to gain objective conclusion.

5. What does \to?

[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.

[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.

[C] Contact with God.

[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.

Vocabulary

1. file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去

2. Jakarta 雅加达

3. meditate 沉思，冥想，反省

4. Java 爪哇

5. Javanese 爪哇的

6. mysticism 神秘主义

7. boost 促进，增加，提高

8. devout 虔诚的，热诚的

9. appeal (to) 向??呼吁，求助于，魅力

10. legend 传说，神话

11. fasting 禁食，斋戒

12. hold onto 抓紧，保住

13. personnel management system 人事管理制度

14. perspective investment 远景投资

15. venture (商业)投机，风险

16. sharpen 使??敏锐/尖锐，磨尖

17. business slide 买卖/企业滑坡，下滑

18. turn around (生意)好转，转变

19. subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的

20. cybernetics 控制论

21. Carnegie 卡耐基

22. tap 开拓，选择

1. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.

【参考译文】在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方面，商业也不例外。

2. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.

【参考译文】这些虔诚的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他们的祈求呼吁跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合。他们通过这一途径积极热情地拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。

3. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.

【参考译文】恰当的工作岗位使用合适的人选，对企业决策具有信心使形式好转的关键。它给你带来拓展和利润。(或任人

唯贤，指挥若定使扭亏增盈，大展宏图的关键。)

4. Search for the inner self.

【参考译文】探索内心的自我。

5. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.

【参考译文】类似心理控制论、卡耐基思想、增长率、或者积极思考能力等观点是西方开拓高智能的办法，而我们是通过沉思冥想来和高智能联系的。

写作方法与文章大意

这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就点明他们以独特的方式――不看文件，不听汇报，而是闭上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精灵请示来经营。这种神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域，商业也不例外。后面每段都围绕这一主题而写。第二段写来源。

第三段，应用于商业方面的具体例子，第四段，和西方管理方法对比。

1. C 沉思。这在第一断已有说明。

A. 神秘主义。是个总的概念，笼罩生活各方面。而不是具体的做法和重要因素。 B. 宗教。 D. 投资。

2. A 爪哇古代帝王之精灵。答案在第一段。

B. Wali Ullah是指印度穆斯林商人。这些虔诚的商人叫做Wali Ullah或者成为接近主的人。传说神话也把先知的力量归功于Wali Ullah。C. 老帝王。D. 卡耐基，1835-1919是生于苏格兰的美国钢铁工业家和慈善家。他有一套管理企业的办法，称为卡耐基思想(管理法)。

3. B 他们也重视资历、才能。这在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko讲话清楚说明“如果我们要雇佣管理人员，我们就一起沉思，常常会有这种信息来临：这个人不能管理钱财或者他不可靠。也可能神灵告诉我们应当雇佣他。接着他匆忙补充说他的公司也采用现代人事管理系统，即要考虑雇佣的人员最根本的条件

仍是正式资历”。

A. 他认为神秘主义不像想象中那么好。C. 表明他们雇佣人才。上下文说明，他所以补充是说明他们也重视资格。D. 表明科学管理和宗教结合的可能性。Hadisike语中没有这种意思。但不能说他们雇佣人才不管宗教。

4. B 得到冷静头脑来决策。这在第三段后半部分讲到。“远景的投资也是通过神秘的沉思加以考虑。有着放松和开放的头脑，易于客观地判断新投资的风险。沉思和过去领袖的接触会是你的洞察力和感官变得敏锐。”第一段第五行“其中一位沉思者说每星期的沉思会主要目标是带来一个平静的头脑，作出好决策。”

A. 从上帝那里得到利润。 C. 取得先知。不对，先知的能力归于Wali Ullah。D. 得到客观的结论。文内只提到，头脑放松容易客观地判断投资风险与否，并不是客观的结论。

5. B 没有沉思和斋戒的常规作生意。见第三段中，神秘的沉思帮助扭转公司生意滑坡而正常买卖步骤，这一年就损失了300万美元。这两句对比的话说明B项内容。

A. 采用西方买卖方式(交易方式)。文内没有点明正常就是西方方式。C. 和上帝接触。D. 知人善任。

大学英语四级阅读练习（16）

When school was out, I hurried to find my sister and get out of the schoolyard before seeing anybody in my class. But Barbara and her friends, had beaten us to the playground entrance and they seemed to be waiting for us. Barbara said, “So now you’re in the A class. ” She sounded impressed. “What’s the A class?” I asked. Everybody made superior yet faintly envious giggling sounds. “Well, why did you think the teacher moved you to the front of the room, dopey? Didn’t you know you were in the C class before, way in the back of the room?”

Of course I hadn’t known. 『The Wenatchee fifth grade was bigger than my whole school which had been in North Dakota, and the idea of subdivisions within a grade had never occurred to me.』① The subdividing for the first marking period had been done before I came to the school, and l had never, in the six weeks I’d been there, talked to anyone

long enough to find out about the A, B, and C classes. I still could not understand why that had made such a difference to Barbara and her friends. I didn’t yet know that it was shameful and dirty to be a transient laborer and ridiculous to be from North Dakota. I thought living in a tent was more fun than living in a house. I didn’t know that we were gypsies, really (how that thought would have excited me then! ), and that we were regarded with the suspicion felt by those who plant toward those who do not plant. It didn’t occur to me that we were all looked upon as one more of the untrustworthy natural phenomena, drifting here and there like mists or winds, I didn’t know that I was the only child who had camped on the Baumann’s land ever to get out of the C class. I didn’t know that school administrators and civic leaders held conferences to talk about the problem of transient laborers. I only knew that for two happy days I walked to school with Barbara and her friends, played hopscotch and jumped rope with them at class intervals, and was even invited into the house for some ginger ale—a strange drink I had never tasted before.

1.The tone of this passage as a whole is.

A. reflective B.enthusiasticC.impersonal D defensive 2.The narrator had most probably been placed in the C class because .

A. she was a poor reader

B. she had come from a small school C. the marking system confused her

D. all children of transient laborers were placed in the C class

3.The basic reason why the people in the community distrusted the transient workers was that the transient workers.

A. tended to be lawbreakers B. had little schooling C. were afraid of strangers D. were temporary residents

4. Which of the following is not characteristic of Gypsies? A. Wandering around the world. B. Make ginger ale in their house. C. Never plant something.

D. Had been foreigners wherever they go.

5.Immediately after the narrator was moved to the A class, what was the attitude of Barbara and Barbara’s friends

towards her?

A. DislikeB. AcceptanceC. Apology D.Jealousy Vocabulary

1.envious adj.嫉妒的 2.giggling n. 傻3.subdivision n. 细分 4.transient adj.短暂的5.mist n. 6.hopscotch n. 跳房子游戏

大学英语四级阅读练习（15）

President Clinton met with leaders of some major U.S. high-tech companies on Thursday to enlist their support in an uphill battle to secure Congress’ blessing for a landmark trade agreement with China. White House spokesman Joe Lockhart said Clinton stopped in to talk to several of the industry’s top executives while they were at the White House for talks with Chief of Staff John Podesta. “The president’s main focus of his comments to the group was the importance of, early this year, getting NTR (normal trade relations) on China worked through,” Lockhart said. Clinton discussed 『“the importance not only to their particular businesses, which is clearly important, but

also to the American economy and to the idea that we can continue this prosperity, we can continue this economic expansion,”』① Lockhart said.

The industry executives who met with Clinton and Podesta included Cisco Systems (NasdaqNM:CSCO - news) CEO John Chambers; Dell Computer Corp. (NasdaqNM:DELL - news) CEO Michael Dell; Intel Corp. (NasdaqNM:INTC - news) Chairman Andrew Grove; Compaq Computer Corp. (NYSE:CPQ - news) CEO Mike Capella; Hewlett-Packard (NYSE:HWP - news) CEO Carly Fiornia; NCR Corp. (NYSE:NCR - news) CEO Lars Nyberg; and Silicon Graphics Inc. (NYSE:SGI - news) Chairman and CEO Robert Bishop.

『The White House has said Clinton and his cabinet would launch a major campaign to convince Congress to approve permanent NTR status for China, which would clear the way for China to join the World Trade Organization.』② U.S. Commerce Secretary William Daley said on Wednesday it was critical that Congress vote soon on the trade agreement, warning the November election could jeopardize its chance of passage. The trade agreement, hammered out last November after years of negotiation, calls for China to slash tariffs and other barriers in a wide range of markets, from

agriculture and automobiles to telecommunications. The agreement is backed by big business and free-trade Republicans, but is under fire from labor union leaders and many of their Democratic allies in Congress, who see more trade with China as a threat to U.S. jobs. In return for China opening its markets, Congress must grant Beijing permanent NTR status and do away with its annual review process. That process has become

increasingly controversial with lawmakers often speaking out against China’s human rights record and recently on allegations that China stole U.S. nuclear secrets. A White House official said the high-tech executives also discussed the “digital divide”—the growing division in the United States between those with easy access to the Internet and those without—in their talks with Podesta. “Both the administration and the CEOs said it was a very positive meeting,” he said. “Both sides pledged to work together.”

1.What does “blessing” mean in the context? A. An act of asking or receiving God’s favor, help or protection.

B. A gift from God; something one is glad of .

C. Approval; encouragement.

D. Something not very pleasant, which however is really a good thing after all.

2.The importance of “getting normal trade relations on China worked through” is .

A. the normal trade relations with China is important to the American economy

B. the normal trade relations with China is important to the idea that the US can continue its prosperity and its economy expansion

C. the normal trade relations with China is important to the big businesses and trade D. all of the above

3.Which of the following are the two sides that were present at the meeting?

A. Clinton, President the US-Cisco Systems; Dell computer Corp; Intel Corp; Compaq Computer Corp; Hewlett; NCR Corp; Silicon Graphics Inc.

B. Clinton and Podesta-leaders of some major U.S. high-tech companies.

C. Clinton, Podesta, Joe Lockhart-Cisco systems CEO; Dell Computer Corp CEO; Intel Corp Chairman; Compay computer

Corp CEO; Hewlett-Packard CEO; NCR Corp CEO; Silicon Graphics Inc, Chairman and CEO.

D. Podesta-John Chambers; Michael Dell; Andrew Grove; Mike Capella; Carly Fiornia; Lars Nyberg; Robert Bishop. 4. The reason for labor union’s disapproval to NTR status for China is probably .

A. out of political consideration

B. for the fear that China’s low labor cost may cause more unemployment in America. C. unreasonable and ridiculous

D. for the fear of more business conflict between America and China as partners

5.What conclusion can we draw about the meeting ,according to the passage?

A. It was a positive meeting and both sides are willing to work together on the landmark trade agreement.B. The trade agreement is backed by big business and free-trade Republicans, but the labor union leaders and many of their Democratic allies in Congress are against it. C. The high-tech executives discussed the “digital divide” -the growing division in the United States between those with easy access to the Internet and those without. D.

Clinton and his cabinet would launch a major campaign to convince congress to approve permanent NTR status for China.

Vocabulary

1.exec n. execute 的简写; 执行; 运行 2.enlist vt. 征募; 参与; 谋取 vi. 从军; 应募 ; 助 3.uphill adj. 上坡的; 向上的 adv. 上坡地 ; 向上

地 4.jeopardize vt. 危害; 使受危困 ; 使陷危地 5.slash vt. vi. 猛砍 ;砍 n. 猛砍 ; 乱砍 n. 斜

杠 6.tariff n.关税; 关税表 ; 价格表 ; 收费表 vt. 征收关税 7.controversial adj. 争论的; 论争的; 被议论的 8.allegation n. 指控; 硬说; 断言; 主张;陈述; 辩护; 理由 9.digital n. 数字; 数字式 ; adj. 数位的; 数字的 10.pledge n. 保证; 誓言; 抵押 vt. 保证; 使发誓 ; 抵押; 典当; 举杯祝??健康 11.positive adj. 确实的; 明确的; 积极的; 肯定的; 大学英语四级阅读练习（14）

fen Indonesia has de ded its bloody crackdown on protesters seeking higher compensation for land on Bintan Island, where Singaporeans hold the lion’s share of

investments, reports said yesterday. “I am very sad by the turn of events,” the head of the Bintan District Assembly, Mr Huzrin Hood, was quoted as saying in Singapore’s Straits Times daily. “But if nothing was done, there will be problems for Bintan in the long run.”

Bintan, about 50 kilometers east of Singapore, is a popular weekend resort for Singaporeans, who also hold the majority of the $S1.35 billion ($1.23 billion) in investments there. In a pre-dawn operation on Sunday, Indonesian troops moved in to quell nearly a week of protests outside the Bintan Beach International Resort by about 200 disgruntled villagers. At least 13 people were injured, four of them seriously, and more than 70 people arrested in the 45-minute operation, according to the Straits Times. Three of the injured were said to have gunshot wounds in the chest and stomach. The report said the arrested were blindfolded and tied up before being put into a speedboat and brought to a police station in Tanjung Pinang, south of Bintan island. Eight of 12 student leaders fighting for the

villagers’ rights were also held in the operation. The villagers had set up a blockade and camped at a road leading to the Bintan Beach International Resort,

demanding additional compensation for the land they sold for the resort and an industrial estate managed by a unit of Singapore conglomerate SembCorp Industries Ltd. Armed with knives and spears, they had last week seized a power plant of the Bintan Industrial Estate, severing electricity and water supply to the 27 factories there. They left the plant after being given assurances their demands would be looked into.

Indonesia’s President Abdurrahman Wahid had cancelled at the last minute a planned meeting yesterday with representatives of the protesters, who declined to relent. Singapore’s Prime Minister, Mr. Goh Chok Tong, also expressed regret over the protests and appealed to Indonesia to protect foreign investors in Bintan. 『Mr. Hood said the Indonesian Government had no choice but to act, because the villagers kept on rejecting its proposals for an end to the blockade.』① He would go to Jakarta this week to meet senior central Government officials to help resolve the problems faced by the villagers, he said. “There are many of them still out there, and if they are still unhappy they can cause problems for Bintan in the future.”

1.What is the topic of this passage, according to the passage?

A. Indonesia villagers attacked the Bintan District Assembly.

B. Indonesia government defended it’s protesters who sought higher compensation for land on Bintan island from Singapore.

C. Indonesia defended its bloody crackdown on protesters seeking higher compensation for land on Bintan Island. D. Indonesia government defends its villagers cracked down by Singapore.

2.Bintan is .

A. a popular weekend resort for Singaporeans B. an island where Singaporean hold the majority of the $1.23 billion investment

C. a place where Indonesia cracked down protesters seeking more compensation D. all of the above

3.Which of the following is Not true about the crackdown

in Bintan?

A. Indonesian troops quelled the protesters outside the Bintan Beach international Resort by about 200 villagers.

B. At least 13 people were injured, but no death so far. C. Eight of 12 student leaders fighting for the villagers’ rights were also injured in the operation. D. The villagers demand additional compensation for the land they sold for the resort and an industrial estate managed by a unit of Singapore conglomerate SembCorp Industrials Ltd.

4. Which of the following is the most probable result? A. The villagers’ request was finally fulfilled. B. The Singaporeans were driven out and everything was settled.

C. The villagers was given a little more money and warned not to make any more disturbance, they have no choice but to submit.

D. More protest broke out and evolved into a revolution.

5.From the last part of the passage we know . A. the representatives declined to relent after the meeting

with President Wahid

B. Singapore’s Prime Minister expressed regret over the protesters and appealed to Indonesia to protect foreign investors in the country

C. head of the Bintan District Assemble will meet senior central Singapore government officials to deal with the problems faced by the villagers

D. many protesters are still keeping on their act in Bintan

Vocabulary

1.disgruntled adj. 不满的;不高兴的

2.blindfold n. 眼罩;障眼物 vt. 遮眼;蒙骗 adj. 看不清的;盲目的

3.blockade n. 阻塞 vt. 封锁 4.relent vi.发慈悲，动怜悯的

长难句解析

①【解析】“have no choice but to do?”意为“没有别的选择，只能??”。

【译文】 Hood先生说印度尼西亚政府别无选择只能采取行动，因为村民仍然拒绝结束封锁。

大学英语四级阅读练习（13）

Desegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. 『Theopening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came aboutonly as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.』① The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also ledto expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especially at institutions that adopted“open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number ofblack students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million. In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks

enrolled in traditionally whiteinstitutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becomingor had already become predominantly black.

『Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that hadalways struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred fromwhite institutions. 』②Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentageof the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks inpredominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered variousproblems.

College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially, but they are only about one-half therate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3percent of whites in that age group had completed college. Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United

States.During the early 1980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school andabout 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, butover half of these degrees were conferred in one discipline—education. In general, since the cry of

“reversediscrimination” was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowedand perhaps even reversed.

1.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black institutions. B. The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expanded opportunities for whitestudents too.

C. Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the United States. D. Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for black and whitestudents alike.

2.What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?

A. It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in higher institutions.

B. It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination against blacks. C. It came about when the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised.

D. It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower- and middle-class black people wereintensified.

3.Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated colleges anduniversities? A. Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the UnitedStates.

B. It brought a significant increase in the number of white students.

C. It created thorny problems for historically black institutions.

D. The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-four years old enrolled in college greatlyincreased.

4. After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to .

A. get enrolled in traditionally white colleges B. get enrolled in traditionally black institutions C. complete college

D. get a Doctor’s Degree in science

5.Which of the following is true about historically black institutions?

A. The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the opening up ofsegregated institutions.

B. They created many problems for their students. C. They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship.

D. The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s. Vocabulary

1.desegregation n 对种族隔离的取消2.prolonged adj. 长时的

3.predominantly adv. 主要地 4.bar v. 阻挡，禁止 5.encounter v. 遇到 6.substantially adv. 在相当程度上，很大地 7.underrepresented adj. 被忽视的 8.confer v.

授予，给予 9.reverse adj. 反方向

的 10.discrimination n. 歧视 11.reverse v. 调转，转向 长难句解析①【解析】此句的关键在于理清“to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds”是用来修饰限定“The opening up”的。 【译文】实行种族隔离的院校对不同种族和信仰背景的学生的接纳，是受到歧视的有色人种在法庭上，街道上和校园内展开的各种形式的长期斗争的结果。 ②【解析】此句中“that”引导定语从句，修饰“historically black institutions”，“when” 作定语从句中的时间状语从句。 【译文】但是高等教育种族制度的废除，却给传统的黑人院校制造了新的麻烦，这些院校历史上曾在困境中为给被白人院校阻止在外的黑人提供更好的教育机会而奋 大学英语四级阅读练习（12）

More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.

『It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one

checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.』①

Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.

For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. 『In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.』 ② Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad

publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. 『They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff.』③ And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

1.It can be concluded from the passage that . A. it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today

B. computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions C. computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected

D. people commit computer crimes at the request of their company

2.It is implied in the third paragraph that . A. many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered

B. the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome

problem

C. most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes

D. most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck

3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? A. A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.

B. Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.

C. Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.

D. Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.

4. The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that .

A. they have skills formidably difficult for others to master

B. the employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punished

C. the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open

court

D. those who commit crimes do not mean bad

5.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?

A. With bad reputation they can hardly find another job. B. They will be denied access to confidential records.

C. They may walk away and easily find another job. D. They must leave the country or go to jail. Vocabulary

1.reap n. 收获 2.get away 逃脱 3.glowing adj. 热情洋溢的 4.recommendation n. 推荐信 5.statistics n. 统计数字 6.disturbing adj. 令人忧虑的 7.keypunch v. 打孔 8.tip off 泄露 9.transaction n. 交

易 10.juggle v. 玩戏法，篡改 11.confidential adj. 绝密的 12.depart v. 离开 长难句解析

①【解析】这个长句是由“but”连接的两个句子组成，第一个句子“if”引导条件状语从句，第二个句子中的“even if”引导递进关系的条件状语从句。

【译文】如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计算机犯罪是很难被发现的，但是即使犯罪被发现，这种犯罪者也可能逃脱

惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。

②【解析】“that”引导宾语从句，和“company”一起构成“tipped off”的双宾语。“tip off”，“提示，警告”。【译文】另一种情形，实施计算机犯罪的不满意的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。

③ 【解析】“of”后的句子都做“thought”的定语。 【译文】他们想到，计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法，他们(公司高层)犹豫了。 大学英语四级阅读练习（11）

Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sexboth physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play care-taker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other

hand men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”.

The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. 『Informal distinctions between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.』①

Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require

each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned.

『But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.』②

1. Women’s place, some people think, is the protective environment of the home because .

A. women can provide better care for the children B. women are too weak to do any agricultural work at all

C. women are biologically suited to domestic jobs D. women can not compete with men in any field 2. According to the author, sex roles . A. are socially determined

B. are emotionally and physically determined

C. can only be determined by what education people take D. are biologically and psychologically determined 3. The author points out that the assignments of women’s roles in work .

A. are determined by what they are better suited to B. grow out of their position inside the home C. reflect a basic difference between men and women D. are suitable to them, but not to men 4. The author will probably agree with . A. certain sociologists ’prediction that woman are picking up more responsibility in the decades to come B. historian’s general denial of women’s contribution towards human thoughts

C. Nietzsche’s contemplation about difference between sexes

D. entrepreneurs favoring particular sex when hiring employee

5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. The division of sex-defined roles is completely unacceptable.

B. Women’s roles in work is too limited at present. C. In one society, men might perform what is considered women’s duties by another.

D. Some of the women’s roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men.

Vocabulary

1.ideology n. 意识形态，思维方式 2.destiny n. 命运，定数

3.domestic adj. 家庭的，国内的 4.homemaker n. 家庭主妇 5.competitive adj. 竞争的，竞争性的 6.elementary school 小学 7.informal adj. 非正式的，不拘礼节的 8.reflection n. 反映，反省，反射 9.ample adj. 充足的，丰富

长难句解析

①【解析】according to the ideology做(禁止)语。 【译文】在劳动上男性工作和女性工作之间的非正式的区别，根据意识形态来说，只是性别之间基本差异的一个功能反映。 ②【解析】两个“that”引导的句子同时作“believe”的宾语。 【译文】但是人们相信性别之间生理上的不同是个定数，大自然想要男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献，那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了

?

10-11大学英语四级阅读练习（10）

One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it

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