全新版第二版综合B4U1

全新版第二版综合B4U1-A

Part I Listening Comprehension ( 15 minutes )

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear ten statements. Numbers 1 to 6 are based on Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Each statement will be read ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and decide whether each statement is true or false.

1.

A) T

B) F

Script: When the Grand Army led by Napoleon attacked Russia, the Russians fought bitterly against them.

正确答案： B

2.

A) T

B) F

Script: The battle at Smolensk was a decisive victory for Napoleon.

正确答案： B

3.

A) T

B) F

Script: The Russian czar refused Napoleon’s truce offer because he knew that the severe Russian winter would defeat Napoleon’s army.

正确答案： A

4.

A) T

B) F

Script: Napoleon ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow only because the weather there was too cold.

正确答案： B

5.

A) T

B) F

Script: Hitler expected to conquer the Soviet Union in five weeks.

正确答案： B

6.

A) T

B) F

Script: In answer to the call of the “scorch the earth” by Stalin, the Russians burned or destroyed their farms and factories.

正确答案： A

7.

A) T

B) F

Script: In order to open up a second front in Europe, British, American and Canadian forces did a lot of careful preparations for more than a year.

正确答案： A

8.

A) T

B) F

Script: The days of 5, 6 and 7 June were chosen for D-Day because moonlight and tide of these days were favorable to landing.

正确答案： A

9.

A) T

B) F

Script: When the assault on Normandy began on the midnight of 6 June, the German troops were on high alert.

正确答案： B

10.

A) T

B) F

Script: Thanks to a southerly current, the landing at the new sector of Utah Beach was quite

正确答案： A

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet (11)_________________ on 30 November 1939 and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace (12)_________________ . The League of Nations deemed the attack (13)_________________ and expelled the Soviet Union from the League on 14 December 1939.

The Soviet forces had three times as many soldiers as the Finns, 30 times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks. The Red Army, however, had been

(14)_________________ by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge of 1937, reducing the army’s (15)_________________ and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of the fighting. With more than 30,000 of its army officers (16)_________________ or imprisoned, including most of those of the highest ranks, the Red Army in 1939 had many (17)_________________ senior officers. Because of these factors, and (18)_________________ and morale in the Finnish forces, Finland was able to resist the Soviet invasion for far longer than the Soviets expected.

Hostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded 11% of its pre-war territory and 30% of its economic assets to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses on the front were heavy, and the country’s (19)_________________ . The Soviet forces did not accomplish their objective of the total conquest of Finland, but did

(20)_________________ along Lake Ladoga to provide a buffer for Leningrad. The Finns, however, retained their sovereignty and enhanced their international reputation.

Script: The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet offensive on 30 November 1939 and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace Treaty. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from the League on 14 December 1939.

The Soviet forces had three times as many soldiers as the Finns, 30 times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks. The Red Army, however, had been crippled by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge of 1937, reducing the army’s morale and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of the fighting. With more than 30,000 of its army officers executed or imprisoned, including most of those of the highest ranks, the Red Army in 1939 had many inexperienced senior officers. Because of these factors, and high commitment and morale in the Finnish forces, Finland was able to resist the Soviet invasion for far longer than the Soviets

Hostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded 11% of its pre-war territory and 30% of its economic assets to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses on the front were heavy, and the country’s international reputation suffered. The Soviet forces did not accomplish their objective of the total conquest of Finland, but did gain sufficient territory along Lake Ladoga to provide a buffer for Leningrad. The Finns, however, retained their sovereignty and enhanced their international reputation.

正确答案： offensive

正确答案： Treaty

正确答案： illegal

正确答案： crippled

正确答案： morale

正确答案： executed

正确答案： inexperienced

正确答案： high commitment

正确答案： international reputation suffered

正确答案： gain sufficient territory

Part II Reading Comprehension ( 25 minutes )

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

As Hitler’s armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter 21 the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius.

Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely 22 for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer 23 . The German tanks lay 24 in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive 25 .

By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new 26 . In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to 27 Stalingrad.

In November 1942, the Russians launched a 28 . With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand 29 soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally 30 against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.

A) uniforms B) settled over C) to a halt D) counterattack

E) unprepared F) siege G) buried H) give up

I) offensives J) dropped K) captured L) thanks

M) turned the tide N) shelter O) starving

21. ______________________

正确答案： B

22. ______________________

正确答案： E

23. ______________________

正确答案： A

24. ______________________

正确答案： G

25. ______________________

正确答案： C

26. ______________________

正确答案： I

27. ______________________

正确答案： H

28. ______________________

正确答案： D

29. ______________________

正确答案： O

30. ______________________

正确答案： M

Section B

Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.

Passage One

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Terrorism may be viewed as the use of force or violence against persons or property to threaten or coerce (迫使) a government, a formal organization, or a civilian population for political, religious, or social objectives. Since terrorists commonly use violence against civilian targets, their actions are widely condemned as morally unacceptable. In practice, as with a great many other behaviors, what constitutes terrorism is a matter of social definition. When nations resort to violence to further their interests, the results are considered as being legal warfare. In many respects, terrorism is an extension of that approach by people who lack the armies of a state.

For many years the public, government officials, and scholars treated terrorism primarily as a "nuisance." But recently, we have come to see terrorism as a new mode of warfare with far-reaching implications. Terrorism serves as an avenue of political expression for some militants (好战分子), whether they are motivated by ideology, ethnicity, or religion. However, what distinguishes much contemporary terrorism is not so much its motivation or purpose, but rather the extent of state involvement in carrying out well-planned and highly destructive acts against adversary nations.

Another feature of contemporary terrorism has been the extent to which it has become a media event. Terrorism is usually aimed at a media audience, not the actual victims. The act of media coverage also enhances the importance of "the problem" that led to the

terrorist activities. Newspaper readers and television viewers see "the problem" as of much greater importance and as justifying national or international action.

31.

According to the passage, terrorism is widely unacceptable ______.

A) for its illegal actions

B) because it is often targeted at ordinary people

C) as it usually leads to death and hatred

D) for its violence

正确答案： B

32.

The word "approach" at the end of the first paragraph refers to ______.

A) legal warfare

B) establishing a state

C) furthering one's interests via violence

D) terrorism

正确答案： A

33.

People used to ______.

A) underestimate the influence of terrorism

B) pay much attention to terrorism

C) suffer less from terrorists' actions

D) have sympathy with the terrorists

正确答案： A

34.

Terrorism in the past ______.

A) had different objectives

B) had different motivations

C) was more influential

D) was less closely related to governments

正确答案： D

35.

Terrorists use media mainly ______.

A) to make their aim known to the world

B) to carry out violent actions

C) as an avenue of political expression

D) to condemn the adversary nations

正确答案： A

Passage Two

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

As traditionally grown, under a canopy (株冠) of shade trees and amid other vegetation, coffee is an environmentally-friendly crop. The shade trees fix nitrogen in the soil, fostering the growth of the coffee bushes, and their fallen leaves provide nutrients, further reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. The mixture of vegetation prevents erosion and protects the coffee from harsh weather. In contrast to corn and cattle, which almost always require clear-cutting, coffee can be grown in relative harmony with the rain forest.

Recently, however, many coffee farmers in northern Latin America have reduced or eliminated shade to grow new high-yielding coffee plants under direct sun. Fear of a disease known as coffee leaf rust sparked an early round of conversions, most of which took place in the 1970s. To prevent the spread of the disease, coffee farmers "technified," replacing older, shade-loving coffee varieties, with new varieties, packed in tight hedgerows, that can survive open sun — but only with chemical inputs.

Coffee leaf rust never turned out to be a major problem for Latin America. To boost farmers' incomes, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) spent some $80 million from the 1970s to the early 1990s, according to a report (1996) from the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center and the Natural Resources Defense Council, to help growers in Central America and the Caribbean technify. In countries where USAID was not involved, national coffee federations promoted the change, supporting the technification of 69 percent of Colombia's coffee and nearly 40 percent of Costa Rica's.

36.

Growing coffee plants under shade ______.

A) helps them absorb oxygen from the soil

B) provides nutrients for other trees

C) reduces the need for chemical fertilizers

D) creates a mixture of vegetation

正确答案： C

37.

Coffee can be grown amid the rain forest because ______.

A) it can stand harsh weather

B) it can be grown together with other plants

C) it doesn't need any chemical fertilizer

D) it will not erode in the forest

正确答案： B

38.

Many coffee farmers shifted to growing coffee plants under direct sun in the 1970s ______.

A) out of the fear of the spread of coffee leaf rust

B) because it was more profitable

C) as new varieties of coffee plants were developed

D) to decrease chemical inputs

正确答案： A

39.

Coffee leaf rust ______.

A) was a great hit to the coffee industry

B) cannot be eliminated by chemical fertilizers

C) didn't constitute a big problem for Latin America

D) ended the growing history of shade coffee

正确答案： C

40.

Many coffee farmers turned to sun coffee ______.

A) as a result of the widespread of coffee leaf rust

B) because it brought about higher profit

C) at the request of USAID

D) with the development of technology

正确答案： B

Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 10 minutes )

Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.

41.

They are currently _________ in lengthy trade negotiations.

A) engaged

B) busy

C) obliged

D) occupied

正确答案： A

42.

At the first _______ of twelve all the workers in the factory stopped for lunch.

A) strike

B) bell

C) stroke

D) hit

正确答案： C

43.

A solar day is the length of time _______ the Earth to revolve once around the Sun.

A) takes

B) takes it

C) it takes

D) one takes

正确答案： C

44.

He obviously displays a great ______ for some of your poems.

A) consent

B) admiration

C) respect

D) pleasure

正确答案： B

45.

The teachers ______ themselves with planning out the work of the coming semester.

A) employed

B) involved

C) occupied

D) engaged

正确答案： C

46.

I prefer to be a _____ because I don't like to operate.

A) doctor

B) surgeon

C) physician

D) specialist

正确答案： C

47.

The _____ of tests in the United States institutions can be a new and frightening experience for many foreign students.

A) frequency

B) presence

C) efficiency

D) confidence

正确答案： A

48.

As it had not rained for several months, there was a _____ of water.

A) waste

B) drop

C) loss

D) shortage

正确答案： D

49.

Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.

A) equivalent

B) alike

C) uniform

D) likely

正确答案： A

50.

The mechanic said that the work would be done quickly, but he would not _____ himself to a specific time.

A) admit

C) commit

D) submit

正确答案： C

51.

The war may _____, but victory is sure to belong to the peace-loving people.

A) drag out

B) drag on

C) drag up

D) drag along

正确答案： B

52.

_______ to the Independent War, the United States was an English colony.

A) Before

B) Prior

C) Following

D) Preceding

正确答案： B

53.

She continued to type as fast as ever, though her thumb was badly swollen ______ a hurt.

A) in

B) for

C) with

D) from

正确答案： D

54.

She looks to be ______ 40, but as a matter of fact, she is 50.

A) older than

B) in the neighbourhood of

C) at age of

D) approximately about

正确答案： B

55.

The crust of the Earth was thin here, and other conditions appeared ______ for drilling.

B) imaginable

C) curable

D) durable

正确答案： A

56.

The Russians were attacked and forced to _____.

A) advance

B) retire

C) retreat

D) draw

正确答案： C

57.

Tom _____ off the field with a foot injury.

A) limped

B) limbed

C) limned

D) lambed

正确答案： A

58.

The new ________ was put into operation early in 1939.

A) tactic

B) tact

C) toxic

D) tract

正确答案： A

59.

Britain made a(n)______ of war on Germany in 1914.

A) announcement

B) statement

C) claim

D) declaration

正确答案： D

60.

You mustn’t lose heart, sooner or later your effort will pay ______.

A) for

B) out

C) off

D) up

正确答案： C

Part IV Translation ( 10 minutes )

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

61. Everyone knows ____________________ (做到劳逸结合的重要性).

正确答案： the importance of striking a proper balance between work and rest

62. ____________________ (政府已决定整治城市犯罪) so that a daylight bank robbery will no longer happen.

正确答案： The government has decided to clean up the city

63. On many issues ____________________ (约翰和玛丽发现他们意见严重分歧).

正确答案： John and Mary found themselves seriously at odds

64. It was an uneasy night and ____________________ (那婴儿不停地抓弄床罩).

正确答案： the baby kept picking at the coverlet

65. The little girl was ____________________ (非常迫切地想知道) what her parents brought her as birthday present.

正确答案： dying to see

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