初中英语语法——感叹句

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第篇感叹句

一、教学目标:

1.掌握感叹句的六种句式。

2.掌握如何将陈述句变为感叹句。

二、教学重难点：

1.How与what 引导感叹句的不同。

2.感叹句的省略。

三、主要知识点：

1.感叹句的定义

用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句（exclamatory sentence）.感叹句句尾常用感叹号，亦可用句号，朗读时用降调，在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。如：Great ! How cold !

2.感叹句的六种句式

一般说来，感叹句是由what 或how 开头的，它有两个类型，六种句式。掌握了它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。

1.用what 引导的感叹句有三种句式，此时，what 为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组（即感叹部分是名词性短语）。

1）. What +a / an + 形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！

e.g.: What a fine day it is！多么好的天气啊！（辅音音素前用a）

What an old building that is！那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊（元音音素前用an）2）. What + 形容词＋可数名词复数形式＋主语＋谓语！

e.g.: What good teachers they are！他们是多么好的老师啊！

What beautiful flowers these are！这些是多么美丽的花啊！

3). What + 形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！

e.g.: What thick ice we are having here！我们这儿的冰多厚啊！

What round bread it is！这是一块多么圆的面包啊！

2.用how 开头的感叹句也有三种句式，此时，how 是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。

4). How ＋形容词＋主语＋谓语！（即谓语动词是连系动词）

e.g.: How hot it is today！今天天气多热啊！

How beautiful the flowers are！这些花多么美丽啊！

5). How ＋副词＋主语＋谓语！

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e.g.: How hard he works！他工作多么努力啊！

How well she sings！她歌唱得多好啊！

6). How + 主语＋谓语！（即谓语动词是行为动词）

e.g.: How she dances！她跳舞跳得多好啊！

★注意：what 和how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。

e.g.: How cold （it is ）！What a good girl！What delicious fish！

（三）陈述句变感叹句全解

1.如何快速掌握感叹句？

学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键，陈述句变感叹句实际上,就是句子成分位置的移动。

e.g.: She is smiling sweetly. →How sweetly she is smiling!（移动状语）

2.哪些句子成分可能会移动位置？

通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置，一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。

位置可能会变动的句子成分：宾语、表语和状语。

e.g.: Mr. Turner told us a funny story. →What a funny story Mr. Turner told us!（移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语）

3.如何确定使用what还是使用how？

当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how，一般可以这样来确定：位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what，是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + N e.g.: What a cool bike you are riding!（a cool bike 名词短语）

How fast he is riding!（fast 副词）

How cool a bike you are riding!（how + adj. + a/ an +N）

4.如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词？

名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词，以元音音素开头的词语之前用an，以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。

e.g.: What beautiful sunshine it is today!（sunshine 不可数名词）

What a useful book this is!（useful 以辅音音素开头）

What an old house that is!（old 以元音音素开头）

5.感叹句的六种句式见“二”

6.以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换？

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这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的:

①含有“a/ an + adj. + N ”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。

e.g.: What an expensive glass he broke! →How expensive a glass he broke!

②名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/ an + adj. + N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。

e.g.: How beautiful the birds are! →what beautiful birds they are!

（说明：N代表名词，未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式，S代表主语，V代表动词）

7.在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略？

常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。

e.g.: What a naughty boy!（省略了he is）

8.陈述句变感叹句的歌诀

陈述句述事实，感叹句表感情。

陈述变成感叹句，主谓系表先分清。

宾语状语移句首，表语亦须打头阵。

名词之前用what，形副之前how先行。

复数名词无冠词，事先分析莫轻心。

如果名词不可数，摒弃a, an不留情。

冠词a, an要分明，清音辅音是标准。

句子结构要完整，标点符号亦变更。

总结规律进步快，编个歌诀给你听。

（四）其它句式变感叹句

有时陈述句、疑问句（句中常有so或much）以及祈使句也可直接转化为感叹句，不需要改变词的位置，只要改变原来的音调（即变为降调）。

e.g.: He’s such a nice boy! 多好的孩子！

How can you be so clever! 你怎么这么聪明！

Don’ go with us! 别和我们一起去！

Have you ever seen such a thing? 你曾见过这种事情吗？

四、主要方法：

感叹句的讲解首先要让学生能够划分句子成分，尤其是在讲解how与what引导感叹句的区别的时候。

五、典型例题

例1. _______ food you've cooked!

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A. How a nice

B. What a nice

C. How nice

D. What nice

答案: D.

评析：由于How 修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词，且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除，C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)

例2. ________terrible weather we've been having these days!

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

答案: A.

评析：weather为不可数名词，B，D排除, C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。

例3. --- _____ I had!

--- You really suffered a lot.

A. What a time

B. What time

C. How a time

D. how time

答案:A.

评析：感叹句分两类：

1：What + n.+主谓部分

2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

六、练习

A 类:

一、选择题

1. _________ delicious the dish is!

A. What

B. How

C. What a

2. ________ strange clothes he is wearing!

A. What a

B. What

C. How a

3. ________ an interesting subject it is!

A. What

B. How

C. What an

4. ________ foggy it was yesterday!

A. What

B. What a

C. How

5. ________ careless a boy you are!

A. How

B. What a

C. What

6. ________ a nice watch it is!

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A. How

B. What

C. What a

D. How a

7. ____ bright girls they are!

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

8. ____ interesting the film is!(1998湖北)

A. What

B. What an

C. How

D. How an

9.________ sunny day! Let’s go out for a walk.(1999江西)

A. How a

B. How

C. What a

D. What

10. ________ hard work it is!(1999浙江)

A. How

B. What

C. What a

D. What an

11. ________ day it is! It’s rainy again. (1999江西)

A. How bad

B. What a bad

C. How fine

D. What a fine

12. _________ great day July 1,1997 will be! (1999上海)

A. How a

B. What a

C. How

D. What

13. _________ expensive trousers!(1999浙江)

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. What an

14. The sun is shining. fine day it is!

A. How

B. How a

C. What

D. What a

15. thick ice! Would you like to go skating?

A. What

B. How

C. What a

D. How a

16. cold it is today!

A. What

B. How

C. What a

D. How a

17. it’s blowing!

A. What strong

B. How strong

C. How strongly

D. What strongly

18. ___ they are playing in the playground!

A. How happily

B. How happy

C. What happy

D. What happy children

19. beautiful flowers! Where did you buy them?

A. How

B. What

C. What a

D. How a

20. honest Angela is!

A. How a

B. What an

C. What a

D. How

21. useful work she has done!

A. What

B. How

C. What a

D. How a

二. 把下列句子改为感叹句：用what与how填空

1. His handwriting is good. → _____________ good his handwriting is!

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2. These photos are nice. →______________ nice these photos are!

3. Betty sings well. → ____ ____ well Betty sings!

4. They are working hard. →__________hard they are working!

5. Jenny was very disappointed when she saw this.

→______________disappointed Jenny was when she saw this.

6. It is a wonderful concert →____________a wonderful concert it is!

7. They looked worried. → __________ worried they looked!

8. The young man speaks English well. →____________well the young man speaks English!

9. They are beautiful flowers. →_____________ beautiful flowers they are!

10. It is a difficult problem. →____________a difficult problem it is !

11. Tom has strong arms. →___________ strong arms Tom has!

12. I missed my old friends very much. →______________ I missed my old friends!

13. The children like their teacher very much. →__________ the children like their teacher!

14. This kind of flower smells nice. → ________nice this kind of flower smells!

15. Time flies fast. →___________ fast time flies!

16. He works hard at his lessons. →___________ hard he works at his lessons!

17. The pyramids are made of huge stones. →_________huge stones the pyramids are made of!

B类：

一、选择题

1. _______ girl she is!

A. What bright a

B. How a bright

C. How bright a

D. What bright

2. _______ weather we have today!

A. A fine

B. What a fine

C. How a fine

D. What fine

3. ________ careless he is!

A. What

B. How

C. So much

D. How much

4. ________ from Beijing to London!

A. How long way it is

B. What a long way is it

C. How long way is it

D. What a long way it is

5. Oh, John, _________ you gave us!

A. How a pleasant surprise

B. How pleasant surprise

C. What a pleasant surprise

D. What pleasant surprise

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6. ___________ useful work they have done!

A. What

B. How

C. What a

D. What an

7. __________ nice picture you gave me!

A. How

B. What

C. What a

D. What an

8. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam.

A. What an, a

B. what, a

C. How an, the

D. How; the

9. – An earthquake hit Indonesia yesterday.

-- terrible news!

A. How a

B. What a

C. How

D. What

10. –Dad, do you like my picture?

-- ! It’s the nicest one I’ve ever seen!

A. What a strong boy

B. How careful

C. How wonderful

D. What a brave boy

11. —Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist (相扑手).

—Wow, !

A. How a fat man

B. What a fat man

C. How fat man

D. What fat man

12. What it is!

A. nice day

B. nice weather

C. a nice weather

13. Mrs Smith is!

A. How kind woman

B. What a kind woman

C. What kind woman

D. How a kind woman

14. piece of important information we have got!

A. What a

B. What

C. What an

D. How

15. is running!

A. How fast a boy

B. How fast boy

C. What fast the boy

D. How fast the boy

二. 把下列的句子改为感叹句。

⒈ A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture.

B: ______________________________________________

⒉ A: Mr. Wang is a busy man.

B: ______________________________________________

⒊ A: The cat is very happy.

B: ______________________________________________

⒋ A: The tractor is going very slowly.

B: _______________________________________________

⒌ A: He is very lucky.

B: _______________________________________________

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⒍ A: It is a wet day today.

B: _______________________________________________

⒎ A: They started early.

B: _______________________________________________

⒏ A: They waited a long time.

B: _______________________________________________

⒐ A: He is wearing a large shirt.

B: ______________________________________________

⒑ A: The dolphin is playing happily.

B: ______________________________________________

11. It is quite a nice present.→_____________ ______________ nice present!

12. We have fine weather today.→ _____________ ____________ weather we have today!

13. It’s sunny today.→_______________ ______________ sunny day it is today!

14. The children are wor king hard.→______________ __________ the children are working!

15. She played basketball wonderfully.→______________ _________ she played basketball!

16. He is good at singing.→________________ ______________ he sings!

17. He was doing well in dancing.→__________ a ___________ dancer he was!

18. Tom coughs badly.→___________ __________ _____________ cough Tom has!

19. The fish is very lo vely.→___________ _____________ the fish is!

20. They live a happy life today.→____________ _____________ __________ life they live!

附：答案

A类：选择：

1—5：BBACA 6—10：BACCB 11—15：BBADA 16—21：BCABDA

把下列句子改为感叹句：

1. How.

2. How.

3. How

4. How

5. How

6. What

7. How

8. How

9. What 10. What 11. What 12. How 13. How 14. How 15. How 16. How 17. What

B类：选择：

1—5：CDBDC 6—10：ACBDC 11—15：BBBAD

把下列句子改为感叹句：

⒈ What a beautiful picture Jill is drawing!/ How beautiful a picture Jill is drawing!

⒉ What a busy man Mr Wang is!/ How busy a man Mr Wang is !

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⒊ How happy the cat is!/ What a happy cat it is!

⒋ How slowly the tractor is going!

⒌ How lucky he is!

⒍ What a wet day it is today!/ How wet a day it is today!

⒎ How early they started!

⒏ What a long time they waited!

⒐ What a large shirt he is wearing!/ How large a shirt he is wearing!

⒑ How happily the dolphin is playing!

11. What a 12. What fine 13. What a 14. How hard 15. How wonderfully

16. How well 17. What good 18. What a bad 19. How lovely 20. What a happy

注：参考书目：《培优新帮手-英语八年级》出版社：崇文书局主编：徐秀英

《跳出题海》出版社：西藏人民出版社主编：吕国生

《魔法英语》出版社：郑州大学出版社主编：邓世平

《初中英语语法300题》出版社：上海交通大学出版社主编：冯大雄

《薄冰英语语法》出版社：开明出版社主编：薄冰；何政安

《五年高考三年模拟英语高考》首都年师范大学主编：陈玲琴

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