上海牛津版英语八年级下册8BUnit3U3总结复习

学员编号：年级：初二课时数：

学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：

授课类型T Unit3（牛津8下）基础知识梳理

星级★★★

教学目标1、使学生能够基本掌握本单元中的基础词汇及重要句型；

2、使学生熟练运用本节课所学的知识。

授课日期及时段

（建议2-5分钟）

Electricity

For other uses, see Electricity (disambiguation). "Electric" redirects here. For other uses, see Electric (disambiguation).

Lightningis one of the most dramatic effects of electricity.

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity gives a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction and the flow of electrical current. In addition, electricity permits the creation and reception of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves.

In electricity, charges produce electromagnetic fields which act on other charges. Electricity occurs due to several types of physics:

?electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions.

Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields.

?electric current: a movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typically measured in amperes.

?electric field(see electrostatics): an especially simple type of electromagnetic field produced by an electric charge even when it is not moving . The electric field produces a force on other charges in its vicinity. Moving

T同步-U3基础知识梳理

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charges additionally produce a magnetic field.

?electric potential: the capacity of an electric field to do work on an electric charge, typically measured in volts.

?electromagnets: electrical currents generate magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields generate electrical currents

In electrical engineering, electricity is used for:

?electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment

?electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.

Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though advances in the science were not made until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Practical applications for electricity however remained few, and it would not be until the late nineteenth century that engineers were able to put it to industrial and residential use. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society. Electricity's extraordinary versatility as a means of providing energy means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is the backbone of modern industrial society.

The word electricity is from the New Latin ēlectricus, "amber-like"[, coined in the year 1600 from the Greek ?λεκτρον(electron) meaning amber, because electrical effects were produced classically by rubbing amber.

批注：通过阅读这篇短文，让学生了解electricity，引入今天的主题。

（建议20-25分钟）

一、词汇Words

1.1. servant n. 仆人；佣人

e. g. Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters. [谚]水火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。

A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家应当是人民的公仆。

【知识拓展】serve v. 服务，待客

e.g. They served the guests a wonderful dinner. 他们以盛宴招待客人们。

service n. 服务

e. g. The train service to the capital is very good. 开往首都的火车服务设施非常好。

批注：除了跟学生讲解servant的三个词性转换外，还要告诉学生serve 是及物动词，后面直接跟sb.

2. trick v. 欺骗；坑人

e. g. Her tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄骗我给了他钱。

（常与out of连用）骗走，恶作剧

e.g. His partner tried to trick him out of his share. 他的合伙人企图骗走他的股份。

【知识拓展】trick n. 诡计；骗术，花招

e. g. I can do magic tricks. 我会变魔术。

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The children played a trick on their teacher. 孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。

批注：根据同类短语讲解trick，例如：play a trick on sb. /make jokes about sb.开某人的玩笑

3. electricity n. 电

e.g. The power station supplies electricity to this area. 这个电站供应这个区域的电。

【知识拓展】electrician n. 电工electric adj. 发电的，由电产生的

e.g. an electric cenerator发电机an electric plug电源插头an electric iron电熨斗

批注：总结类似词性转换，history----historical----historic/economy---economic等等

4. flow v. 流动

e.g. The cars flowed in a steady stream along the main road. 汽车在主干道上不停地驶过。

【常用搭配】flow away流走；流逝flow down流下flow into流入

e.g. Time flows away quickly. 时光飞逝。

Waterfall flows down to the bottom of the hill. 瀑布飞流直下到山脚下。

Rivers flow into the sea. 江河流入海中。

5. meter n. 仪表；计量表

【常用搭配】 a gas meter煤气表an electricity meter电表 a speed meter速度表

e.g. There's a gas meter in every home. 在每间屋里都有煤气表。

批注：meter还有“米”的意思，例如three meters 三米，顺便讲解three meters tall 和three-meter -tall hole 这样的类似用法和区别。

6. amount n. 数量；量

e.g. No amount of washing will remove them. 怎么洗也洗不掉。

What is the amount of this? 这总共是多少？

批注：通过以前学习的number引导学生回忆amount的相关词组

a large amount of

amounts of

a number of

the number of

7. monthly adv. 每月一次

e.g. A monthly paper is printed every month. We read it monthly. 月刊是每月印刷的，我们按月读它。

We pay the telephone bill monthly. 我们每月付一次电话账单。

【知识拓展】daily adv. 每天一次，每天地weekly adv. 每周一次，每周地yearly adv. 每年一次，每年地

8. explanation n. 解释；解说；说明

e.g. The only explanation for his behaviour is that he's mad. 对他的行为的唯一解释就是他疯了。

【知识拓展】explain v. 解释；说明

e.g. Can you explain why you were late? 你能解释一下你为什么迟到吗？

批注：举一些动词加tion 变名词的例子。invite---invitation、invent--invention、promote--promotion、3

locate--location、add--addition、等等

9. scratch v. 搔；挠

e.g. He scratched the insect bite on his leg with his nails. 他用指甲挠他腿上虫咬的地方。

（常与out，off，through连用）刮掉，削去；擦去：删掉；划掉

e.g. Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已从名单上划掉了。

Could you help me scratch the rust off the wheel? 你能帮我把轮子上的锈刮掉吗？

10. invisible adj. 看不见的；无形的

e.g. Air is invisrble, but we can feel it when it moves. 空气是看不见的，但是当它移动的时候我们能感受到。【知识拓展】visible adj. 看得见的；明显的；显著的vision n. 视力

e.g. Air isn't a visible object. 空气不是可见物体。

She has good vision. 她的视力很好。

批注：in 否定前缀，归纳英语中的否定前缀，老师可以按照学生的程度有选择性的讲解。

英语否定的前缀主要有a- ab- anti- counter- de- dis- il- im- in- ir- mal- mis- non- un- 等。

a-ab-主要加在形容词动词前，例如atypical非典型性的，abnormal非正常的；abuse滥用、错误使用、虐待；

anti-加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是anti-Japanese抗日战争、anti-social厌恶社会的反社会的、antidite 解毒的药；

counter-加在名词、动词前，例如：counterstrike反击、counteract抵抗阻碍、counterrevolution反革命。

de-加在名词、形容词前，常见的例词有decrease减少，deteriorate恶化，demobilize遣散使…复员、decolor 脱色漂白；

dis-主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前，dis-为否定前缀的词有：disadvantage缺点、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意、disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系

il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边，比如：illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的、illogical不合逻辑的；

im-加在字母m,b,p之前，这样的词有impossible不可能的、impolite不礼貌的

in-常加在形容词，名词之前，如incorrect不正确的、inability无能无力、inaccurate不准确的等；

ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面，比如：irregular不稳定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的不能解决的；

mal-主要加在形容词名词之前，例如malfunction功能紊乱，malicious恶意的；

mis-加在动词、名词前，例词misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune不幸；

non-加在形容词、名词前，这样以non-为否定前缀的词有non-existence不存在、non-essential不主要的、non-electrical非电的；

un-主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面，常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业。

11. form n. 形状；形式

e.g. He seems to dislike any form of exercise. 他好像讨厌任何方式的运动。

【知识拓展】form n. 方式；制度

e.g. Different countries have different forms of government. 不同的国家有不同的政治制度。

l2. energy n. 能量

e.g. Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人有活力。

Each year Americans use a high percentage of the world's energy. 每年美国人消耗掉世界能源的比例很高。4

【知识拓展】energetic adj. 精力充沛的

e.g. He is an energetic child.他是个精力旺盛的孩子。

批注：辨析energy, force, power, strength

这组词的共同意思是“能”“能量”“精力”。其区别在于:

1.energy在物理学定义中为“能”“能量”,用于生理学上指“精力”。

2.power系一般用语,可指动力、思维能力等各种力量或能力。例如:

A car needs a lot of power to go fast.汽车高速行驶需要很大动力。

3.strength指某人或某物所具有的内在力量,可指体力、力气或抽象的力量。例如:

He hasn't got enough strength to get out of bed.他没有足够的力气下床。

Union is strength.团结就是力量。

4.force指的是物质或精神力量,多指为做成某事而使用的力量,也常指武力。例如:

We had to use force to get into the house.我们不得不强行进屋。

13. bulb n. 电灯泡

e.g. The bulb is broken. Please change another one. 这个灯泡坏了，请再换一个。

14. connect v. 连接，联合

e.g. Will you connect this wire to the television? 你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？

This thick wire is connected to my computer. 这根粗电线连接到我的电脑上。

This flight connects with a flight for New York. 这个航班可接上飞往纽约的一班飞机。

【常用搭配】connect with和……有联系，和……有关

e.g. People connect Vienna with waltzes and coffee-houses. 人们一提到维也纳就会联想到华尔兹圆舞曲和咖啡馆。

批注：connect with是和……有关,和……有联系的意思.如: He is connected with the murder.那件谋杀案和他有关.也可以这样用:connect sth./sb with sb./sth.

connect to 的意思是把……连接到……如:Please connect the computer to internet.把电脑连到因特网上

15. bury v. 埋葬，掩埋

e.g. The house was half buried under snow. 房子一半埋在雪中。

Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine.

矿上发生意外事故时，许多矿工都被埋在地下。

He buried himself in his work. 他埋头工作。

16. politely adv. 客气地，斯文地

e.g. You should serve our guests pohiely. 你必须有礼貌地服务我们的客人。

Tom offered me a cigarette. I refused politely. 汤姆给我一支烟，我礼貌地拒绝了。

【知识拓展】polite adj. 有礼貌的；斯文的politeness n. 有礼，优雅

e.g. It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。批注：复习形容词变副词的规则，并且让学生自己举例子

17. grin v. 露齿笑，咧嘴笑

e.g. There was a grin on his face when he opened his birthday presents.

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当他打开他的生日礼物时，他的脸上露齿一笑。

【知识拓展】grin vt. 咧嘴而笑

e. g. He was grinning with delight. 他高兴得咧开嘴笑。

批注：讲到这个单词稍稍放松一下，跟学生一起分享各种“笑”的单词，用英文的表达。

各种笑的英文单词burst into laughter 突然大笑crack a smile 展颜微笑，莞尔一笑explode with laughter 哄堂大笑force a smile 强作欢颜burst into gales of laughter 爆发出阵阵笑声grin with delight 高兴的咧嘴而笑 a hearty burst of laughter 一阵爽朗的欢笑in stitches 笑不可支laugh at 嘲笑laugh it off 一笑而过laughingstock 笑料；笑柄laugh in the breeze 迎风欢笑laugh oneself to death 差点没笑死laugh a hearty laugh 放声大笑，开怀大笑roars of laughter 大笑声 a saccharine smile 谄笑，谄媚的笑roll in the aisles 乐不可支，笑得东倒西歪scream with laughter 笑得前仰后合snicker 窃笑snort （讽刺、轻蔑地）高声大笑shriek with laughter 尖声狂笑smile shyly 羞嗒嗒地微笑beam with smiles 笑容满面；笑逐颜开simmer with laughter 忍俊不禁smile on sb. 朝某人微笑smirk 傻笑；假笑smile bitterly 苦笑giggle 咯咯地笑grin 咧嘴而笑grin from ear to ear 嘴咧得大大地笑chuckle 轻声笑；咯咯笑

18. battery n. 电池

e. g. Our bus won't start because the battery is flat. 我们的大客车发动不起来了，因为电池坏了。

This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 这个袖珍计算器需用两节干电池。

批注：提醒学生battery的复数形式为batteries

19. contain v. 包含，含有

e. g. Pig iron may contarn 4%of carbon. 生铁可含百分之四的碳。

The bottle contains two pints. 这瓶装两品脱。

指点迷津：contain, hold

两个单词都含“包含，容纳”的意思。contain着重“其中确实包含有”。

e. g. The bottle contains water.这个瓶子里有水。

hold指“能容纳”。

e. g. The house holds 20 people. 这房子能住下20人。

二、重要句型Important Sentences structures

1.1. She thinks she can buy it in packets, like sweets！

句中can是一个情态动词，意为“能，可能”。情态动词无词性变化，表主语或说话者的语气。

(1)肯定句：主语+can+动词原形……

e.g. I can play football. 我能踢足球。

(2)否定句：主语+cannot (can't)+动词原形……

e.g. I can't play football. 我不能踢足球。

(3)疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形……

回答：Yes, +主语十can. /No, +主语+can't.

e.g. Can you play football? Yes, I can./No, I can't. 你能踢足球吗？是的，我能。／不，我不能。

批注：仔细讲解情态动词的各种用法，详细请见C专题部分

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2. …although electricity is much more dangerous than water.

(1) more+ adj. +than…

e.g. Is this snake more dangerous than that one? 这条蛇比那一条更危险吗？

(2) more十n./phrase十than…

e.g. There are more students in Class 3 than those in Class 2. 三班的学生比二班的多。

【知识拓展】关于比较级和最高级:

(1) 对于单音节或双音节的形容词我们一般在后面加上-er和-est。

e.g. small- smaller- smallest; big- bigger- biggest, funny- funnier- funniest

slow- slower- slowest; fast- faster- fastest

但要注意一些由形容词变化而来的副词，虽然其形式上为双音节，但它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。

e.g. slowly-more slowly-the most slowly; friendly-more friendly-the most friendly;

happily- more happily- the most happily

(2)对于多音节的形容词，它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。

e.g. beautiful- more beautiful- the most beautiful; dangerous- more dangerous- the most dangerous,

difficult-more difficult-the most difficult

批注：仔细讲解形容词比较级的构成和各种用法，详细请见C专题部分

3. You must always be careful with it.

句中must是一个情态动词，意为“必须，一定”。

(1)肯定句：主语+must+动词原形……

e. g. I must go home now. 我现在必须回家。

(2)否定句：主语+must not (mustn't)+动词原形……

e.g. I mustn’t go home now. 我现在不准回家。

(3)疑问句：Must+主语+动词原形……

回答：Yes, 十主语+must. ／No, +主语十needn't.

e.g. Must I go home now? Yes, you must.／No, you needn't. 现在我必须回家吗？是的，你必须。／不，你不必。

批注：仔细讲解情态动词的各种用法，详细请见C专题部分

4. May I have my packet of electricity?

句中may是一个情态动词，意为“可以”。

(1)肯定句：主语+may+动词原形…¨

e. g. You may sit down. 你可以坐下。

(2)否定句：主语+may not+动词原形……

You may not sit down. 你不可以坐下。

(3)疑问句：May+主语+动词原形……

回答：Yes, +主语+may. /No, +主语+may not.

e.g. May I sit down? Yes, you may. /No, you may not. 我可以坐下吗？是的，你可以。／不，你不可以。

批注：仔细讲解情态动词的各种用法，详细请见C专题部分

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（建议4-7分钟）

Ⅰ. Read and choose the best answer.

( )1. —Must I go to buy the ticket for my parents now?

—No, you _________ .

A.mustn't

B. can't

C. may not

D. needn't

( )2. He is _______ electrician , he can deal with the ______ problem .

A. a; electrical

B.an; electrical

C.the; electrical

D.the; electric

( )3. These ________ thick wires that are buried under the street .

A . connect to B.connect with C. are connected D.are connected to

( )4. We can change electricity into forms of energy that we can see ,hear or feel . Here “forms”means “________”

A. parts

B. ways

C. kinds

D.species

( )5. My home is about _______ our school .

A. 10 miles far away

B.10 miles from

C. 10 miles far from

D.10 miles for

II、Rewrite the following sentences as required

1.It’s about twenty minutes’ walk from my home to our school .(对划线部分提问)

________ _________ is it from your home to your school.

2.The old man spent nearly one and a half hours going to his daughter’s house on foot.(改为同义句)

It _______ the old man spent nearly one and a half hours _____go to his daughter’s house on foot.

3.You should take a good rest after working every day .(改为同义句)

It is _______ for you ________ take a good rest after working every day .

4.He is going to visit her uncle next week . (对划线部分提问)

________ ________ he going to visit her uncle?

5.The boys were playing when I got there .(改为一般疑问句)

_______ the boys _______ when I got there ?

III、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.

The most w______ spoken language in the world is English . Many people understand and use it t______ the world . Indeed ,English is a very i_______ and useful language . If we know English, we can travel anywhere and we w_______ have no difficulty making ourselves understood .English is greatly used in the study of all k_____ of subjects. Several books are w______ in English every day to teach people many useful things . Therefore, the English language has helped to spread knowledge to all parts of the world .

English has also served to boring t______ the different people of the world by helping them to talk with one another .

Keys:DBDBB

1.How far

2.took ; to

3.necessary ; to

4. When is

5. Were ; playing

widely ; throughout ;important ; will ; kinds ; written ;together

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score:____________ （17小题，共22分）

（建议2-5分钟）

批注：跟学生一起回忆本节课主要学过的内容，本节课的主题，还有新单词和句型，以问答的方式进行复习，遇到学生不是很熟练的地方，再讲解一遍，监督学生课后复习，整理笔记的工作。

Step 1. 思考回忆所学知识点，并将所学知识点列在下面

词缀法：tion 名词后缀、in 否定前缀

新单词：

重点句型：比较级，情态动词can/must/may

Step 2. 错题回顾

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