高中英语时态总结 - 图文

英语时态

一般时态： 时态名结构 称 一般现在时 1. be动词用am/is/are，后接n./a./prep. 2. 行为动词用v.或v.-s、-es. 常连用的词 often; usually; every…; sometimes; always; never; seldom; once/twice/… a week/month/year; on Sundays/Mondays/….; 基本用法 1) 表示现在存在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 ? He takes a walk after supper every day. ? The children go to school at seven every morning. 2) 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。 ? The children draw well. ? Does she like sports? 3) 表示客观事实或普遍真理。 ? The sun rises in the east. ? Two plus two makes four. ? Knowledge is power. 4）在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 ? When they leave school, they will go to work in Tibet. ? If You see him，will you tell him to ring me? ? We'll visit the cotton mill if it is fine tomorrow. 5）表示安排或计划好的将来的动作(一般只限于某些表示移动的动词，如go，come，arrive, leave，begin, start等)，这种安排很固定，不易改变。 ? The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning. ? The film begins in a minute. ? When does the Japanese Youth delegation leave for Xi’an? 1

1) 表示过去的动作或状态 ? We had a good swim last Sunday. ? She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 2) 叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。 ? He got up early in the morning，fetched water，swept the yard and then went out to work. 3) 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 ? When my brother was a teenager，he played yesterday; the day before yesterday; last 一般过去时 2. 行为动词用V-ed。 week/month/year/….; … ago; a moment ago; just now; on/in+过去的时间; table tennis almost every day. ? It used to be difficult to get drinking water here. 其他用法： (1) 在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在： ? I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在) ? I didn’t know you were so busy．我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在) (2) 表示客气委婉的现在： ? I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。 ? I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。 【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。 (3) 用于某些特殊结构中: ? It’s time we started. 我们该动身了。 ? I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。 ? I’d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。 【注】该用法主要用于it’s (high) time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形。 (4) 表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在： ? If I had the money now I’d buy a car. 假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。 (5) 当主句中的谓语动词是现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时。 ? I have lived in the house since I came to the city. ? Great changes have taken place since I visited the city. 1．be动词用过去式was或 were表示。 2

1. will+v. tomorrow, the day after tomorrow; soon; next week/month/year/...; the week/month/year/... after next; on/in +将来的时间； in+一段时间；. 1)表示将来的动作或状态。 ? My daughter will be twelve years old tomorrow. ? The indoor swimming pool will be open to the public from October 16. 2)表示将来经常发生的动作。 ? We shall work in this factory every day. 2. is/am/are+going to+V，表示计划打算做什么事。 一般将来时 1)\be going to + v.''多用于口语中，常表示打算、即将、决心去做的事或可能要发生的事。如： ? We are going to visit the Museum of Chinese History.我们要去参观中国历史博物馆。(表打算) ? Tom studies very hard. He is going to try for a scholarship.汤姆学习非常努力，他将争取获得奖学金。(表决心) ? Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.瞧那些云，要下雨了。(表估计可能) ? The wall is going to collapse! 那墙要倒塌了? (即将) 2) go, come, leave, start等表示移动的动词，可用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作。 其他形式 ? She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a toothache. ? I'm coming. 3)\be about to + v.\表示即将发生的动作。如： ? The English evening is about to begin.英语晚会即将开始。 ? We are about to leave，so there is no time to visit him now.我们就要离开了，所以现在没有时间去看他。 4)\be to do\表示安排或计划好了的动作等。如： ? The boys are to go to school next week.这些男孩子下周要上学了。 ? He and I are to meet at the Shanghai Railway Station.他和我约定在上海火车站见面。 ? I'm to be home before midnight.我午夜前回家。 过去将来时 was/were going to +V原形 would +V原形 表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。 ? They wanted to know when you would finish the article. ? We asked him where we should go to work next week. 其他形式 ? I was told that the press conference was to be held the next day. ? I was about to leave when it began to rain. ? He told me he was leaving soon. 进行时态： 时态 名称 结构 常连用的词 主要用法 1) 表示此时此刻(说话人说话时)正在进行的动作。 ? －What are you doing? 3

现在now； is/am/are+V-ing 进行at present; 时

at the moment; Look!(放在句首); Listen! (放在句首);

－I'm doing some washing.

? Look! It is snowing.

2) 表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，虽然此时此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。

? He is working on a paper.

? They are compiling a dictionary. 3) 有时可表示将来发生的动作，有\意图\或\打算\的含义(用于go，come，stay，leave，start等表示移动的动词)。 ? They are taking the children to the zoo on Sunday. ? －What are you doing next Sunday?

－I'm going on a picnic with my wife and daughter. 1) 表示过去一段时间正在发生的动作。

过去

进行was/were+V-ing 时

? I was practicing the violin at eight o'clock

yesterday evening.

? She was reading an English magazine when I came

in.

2）表示移动的动词go，come，start，stay，leave等的过去

+yesterday/lastnight; 进行时，可以表示过去将来发生的动作。

at that moment;

? They wanted to know when we were leaving for at that time; at this time yesterday; at+时间点

Shanghai.

1）表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 ? This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou.

将来

进行will/shall be v-ing 时 ? What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning?

at this time +将来时间

2）表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的

点

动作。

? We'll be having tea after dinner as usual. ? The leaves will be falling soon.

1) 表示在过去的将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。

过去

将来should/would be 进行v-ing 时

? He asked me what I should be doing at ten the next

day.

? They said that they would be expecting us the next

week.

2) 表示在过去某一时间之后即将或按计划进行的动作。 ? He said he could not come because he would be

having a meeting.

完成时态： 时态 名称 结构 常连用的词 主要用法 already；just；before; 1)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成，汉语常用\了\或\过\来表 现在yet(否定句中)；ever；示。 完成never； ? We have already set up many new factories in this area. have/has+ 时 since +时间点； ? The new books have not arrived yet. p.p（过去分词） since+一段时间+ago; ? Many westerners have never seen a giant panda. 4

by+现在时间； so far; up to now; till now; until now; recently/lately; 2）还可表示动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。 ? －How long have you been in Beijing ? －I have been in Beijing for four years. ? Three years have passed since we left school. ? Up to now, I have finished two-thirds of the work. 3）在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来某个动作发生之前已完成的动作。 ? Perhaps I'll know more English after I have learnt it for two years. 1. This is (It is) the first /second time that …句型中，常用现在完成时。但在“It was the second time that …”中，也能用过去完成时。 ? This is the second time that I have seen the film. ? That was the third time that I had visited the place. 2. It is (has been) … since 句型中，主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般现在时。 ? It is （has been） three years since I began to work on the state farm. 3.在完成时中，一个瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long等）连用，此时必须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。 buy borrow catch/get a cold come / arrive/reach/get to become go 特别注意： put on join go to school die begin/start leave fall asleep open close/shut end have keep have a cold be be be wear be in be a student be dead be on be away be asleep be open be closed be over marry be married ? He has come back for three weeks. (×) ? He has been back for three weeks. (√) ? The writer has died for two years. (×) ? The writer has been dead for two years. (√) ? He has left for 6 days. (×) ? He has been away for 6 days. (√) 过去过去的过去： had + p.p（过完成by+过去的时间； 去分词） 时 表“过去某动作或时间以

1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前业已完成的动作。 ? By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons. ? In the exhibition he saw many oil paintings that he had 5

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