必修2第3单元（学生版总）

Book 2 Unit 3 Computers

阅读课型导学案 I（学生版）

课题：Who Am I? (Page 18) 课型：阅读指导课（Period 1） 一、学习目标：

1. 通过查阅资料及对文章的学习，了解说明文的表达方式。 2. 提高阅读技巧，增强对文章的分析理解能力。

二、 学习过程

Step One Pre-reading

1. What do you know about computers?

2. Do you know the ways that we can use to keep in touch with our parents or friends today? Work out a list and compare it with your partner.

Step Two Fast Reading

I. Go through the passage quickly and judge True or False.

( ) 1. In 1642 I began as a calculating machine and could solve any mathematical problem.

( ) 2. My real father was Charles Babbage, who wrote a book and built me in 1936. ( ) 3. After I got my new transistors in the 1960s, I became smaller but cleverer and quicker.

( ) 4. I was brought into people’s homes in the 1970s.

( ) 5. Since my birth I have been built to take the place of the human race.

II. Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text. ( ) 1.What’s the main idea of the text?

A. The computer wants to find “who he is”. B. The functional change of the computer.

C. The computer becomes popular around the world. D. The history of the computer.

( ) 2. Why is Alan Turing called the real father of the computer? A. He invented the computer. B. He made the computer smaller. C. He made the computer widely used. D. He wrote a book about the computer.

( ) 3. Why did the computer completely change its shape? A. Because it could do many things. B. Because its memory greatly improved.

C. Because it could simplify sums. D. Because it never forgot things.

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( ) 4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The analytical machine was made by Charles Babbage in the 18th century. B. The computer had grown very large by the 1940s.

C. Computers were connected to make a network in early 1960s. D. Computers began to be used in offices and homes in the 1970s. ( ) 5. What can we learn from the text?

A. The computer will take the place of human beings. B. The computer will be smarter than human beings. C. The computer will be a disaster for human beings. D. The computer will be used in many fields in life.

Step Three Careful Reading

I. Read the text and finish the timeline below. 再次阅读 Who Am I? 完成下列时间表。 A Short History of the Development of Computers Time 1642 1822 2. 1940s 5. 1970s Now Events 1. The analytical machine was made by Charles Babbage. 3. 4. The first family of computers was connected to each other. 6. 7. II. 根据课文 Who Am I, 在下文空格中填入恰当的词语，使文章连贯完整。

I began as a 1 machine in 1642. It took nearly two hundred years 2 I was built as an analytical machine. I became a “universal machine” in 1936 to 3 any mathematical problem. I was very big at one time. However, as time went by, with the 4 (improve) of my memory, I was made smaller and smaller. I was 5 (give) a family connected by a network in the early 1960s. I was able to 6 my knowledge with others 7 the World Wide Web.

I have been widely used in many fields, such as in communication, 8 , trade and medical 9 . I have also been put into robots and space rockets to 10 the Moon and Mars. I’m glad I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race.

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Step four Main Idea

I. 以约30个左右的词概括课文内容要点。

The of the calculating machine has improved rapidly and it has developed as which are widely used in offices and , even in , , trade, and technology.

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Book 2 Unit 3 Computers

阅读课型导学案 Ⅱ（学生版）

课题：Andy - the Android (Page 23) 课型：阅读指导课（Period 1） 一、学习目标：

1. 通过查阅资料及对文章的学习，了解和掌握Andy- the Android的特征、作用等。 2. 提高阅读技巧，增强对文章的分析理解能力。

二、 学习过程

Step one Fast Reading

I. Read the text and tell the following statements are True or False. ( ) 1. The android looks like a human.

( ) 2. In their first football competition, they won second place.

( ) 3. Andy thinks that the competition which took place in the USA last year is unfair.

II. Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text. ( ) 1. Andy like a human.

A. looks B. moves C. Thinks D. all above

( ) 2. Andy first took part in a football competition . A. in Washington B. in USA C. a few years ago D. last year

( ) 3. What does Andy think of the Seattle Competition? A. It was not fair.

B. The result was satisfying.

C. His team deserved(应得) the second place. D. The team that won first place played best. ( ) 4. What’s the main idea of this passage?

A. The robots can play football match as well as human beings. B. Chips have been put into robots or androids. C. The robots can play well by itself.

D. Nobody can play better than the robots made in Japan. ( ) 5. We can infer from this passage that .

A. chips can be put into many robots to finish different jobs B. robots can replace all the football players

C. the robots can signal to the teammates with their hands D. the robots will win all the games with human beings

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Book 2 Unit 3 Computers

词汇短语课型导学案（学生版）

一．学习目标：

1. 学生通过查找，预习和复习掌握词义，词性变化，词的搭配和用法以及重点短语。

2. 通过不断操练句子，复习已知词语和短语，吸收新词和短语，提高灵活运用词汇和短语的能力。

二．学习过程

Part 1 重点词汇、短语

I.重点词汇

1. (vt.) 简化 11. (adj.) 人造的；假的

2. (n.) 工艺；科技；技术 12. (n.) （电脑）操作人员；接线员 3. (n.) 智力；聪明；才智 13. (vt.) 下载

4. (n.) 幸福；快乐 14. (vt.&vi.) 发信号(n.)信号 5. (n.) 应用；用途；申请 15. (n.) 类型(vt.&vi.)打字 6. (vt.&vi.) 探索；探测；探究 16. (n.) 教练 7. (adj.) 私人的；个人的；亲自的 17. (adj.) 电子的

8. (n.) 真实；事实；现实 18. (n.) 外貌；外观；出现 9. (adv.) 无论如何；即使如此 19. (vi.) 出现；发生 10. (adj.) 总的；整个的 20. (n.) 性格；特点

II.词汇拓展

1. v. 计算；估计→ n. 计算；计算结果→ n. 计算器 2. v. 简化→ adj. 简单的；单一的；朴素的→ n. 简单； 简易；朴实→ n. 简化；单纯化

3. adj. 技术的；工艺的→ n. 技术；工艺（学） → n. 技术专家

4. n. 智力；聪明；才智→ adj. 聪明的→ adj. 智力的 5. v. 解决；处理 → n. 解决方案；解答

6. n. 真实；事实；现实→ adj. 真正的；真实的→ adv. 事实上；真正地 → v. 理解；认识到；实现→ n. 认识；领会；领悟；实现 7. adj. 私人的，个人的；亲自的→ n. 个性；人物；性格

8. n. 应用；用途；申请→ v. 申请；应用→ n. 申请人；求职者 9. n. 财政；金融；资金 → adj. 财务的；金融的

10. v. 探索；探测；探究→ n. 探险者；勘探员→ n. 探险；探索

Ⅲ. 重点短语

1. 从......时起 8. 充满

2. 如此......以至于...... 9. 在某种程度上 3. 一笔...... 10. 在......的帮助下 4. 结果是 11. 处理；安排；对付 5. 时间流逝 12. 看守；监视 6. 也 13. 实现

7. 提供给某人某物 14. 编造；构成

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Part 2 合作探究 Discuss in groups and fill in the blanks

1. In pairs discuss what they have in common. 两人一组讨论他们的共同点。(P.17) 1) common adj. 共同的，共有的；常见的，寻常的；普通的

翻译: 英国和美国使用同一种语言。 . 2) 搭配：①in common 共同（的），共用（的），共有（的） ②have sth. in common (with sb./ sth.) 与......有共同之处 ③have nothing in common 无共同之处

④have little in common 几乎无共同之处 ⑤have a lot in common 有许多共同之处

⑥in common with... 与......一起，和......一样

翻译：①他们是双胞胎，但几乎无共同之处。 ②与其他国家一样，中国在过去的10年里经历了重大的变化。

2. Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums. 尽管我还年轻，我能够使很多困难的算术题变得简单。(P.18) 1) simplify vt. 简化；使单纯

翻译：①申请表已简化了。 ②他为年轻读者简写这个故事。 2) 归纳拓展：simple adj. 简单的；朴实的；普通的；完全的

simply adv. 简单地；简直；仅仅 simplification n. 简化 simple-minded adj. 头脑简单的，笨的

3. Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums. 尽管我还年轻，我能够使很多困难的算术题变得简单。(P.18)

1) sum n. 总数；金额；算术题

2) 搭配：①in sum 总之 ②a sum of... 一笔...... ③to sum up 总而言之；总结；概括 翻译：①山姆的叔叔给他留了一大笔钱。 ②总之，我们应该多加注意道路安全。

4. From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. 从那以后，我在体积和脑容量方面都迅速增长。(P.18)

1) from...on 从......起，作时间状语

2) 搭配：①from then on 从那时起，做时间状语 ②from now on 从现在起 翻译：①从那时起，王子与公主过上了幸福的生活。

②从今以后我要努力做得更好。

5. As time went by, I was made smaller. 随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。(P.18) 1)（时间的）过去，流逝

翻译：随着时光的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。

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2) 走过，经过（某地）

翻译：我经过她的房间时听到她在唱歌。

3)（机会等）失去，被轻易放过

翻译：不要错失这次机会。 4) 遵循，依照......办事，以......为依据

翻译：那是需要遵守的好规则。

6. As a result I totally changed my shape. 结果，我的形状完全改变了。(P.18) 1) as a result 表示结局，可以位于句首或句中

翻译：他患了重感冒，所以他今天早上没来上课。

2) 归纳拓展：①as a result of 由于；作为......的结果 ②result in 结果为......，导致（结果）

③result from 由于......产生的结果（表示原因）

翻译：①由于下雪，她迟到了。 ②司机的粗心导致了这次车祸。 ③这次车祸是由司机的粗心导致的。

7. But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.但是我总是孤独的站在那里，直到20世纪60年代初，人们才给了我一个用网络连成的家庭。(P.18)

1) lonely adj.虽以-ly结尾却是形容词，意思是“孤独的，寂寞的；荒凉的，人迹罕至的” 翻译：①在大城市里生活还真是孤寂。

②那间小屋建在一座荒凉的小岛上。

2) 辨析：lonely与alone 易混词 lonely alone 辨析 例句 “寂寞的；孤独的”，指主观感觉；Beth feels lonely without the children.没有孩“人迹罕至的”，指地方 子在身边，贝斯觉得很孤独。 “单独的；独自的”，指无人陪伴的客观事实 He was alone in the classroom.只有他一个人在教室里。 8. But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.但是我总是孤独的站在那里，直到20世纪60年代初，人们才给了我一个用网络连成的家庭。(P.18)

1) in the 1960s= in the 1960’s 在20世纪60年代。在表示年代时，一定要加the和年代数后的s或’s。

翻译：20世纪70年代，在中国的普通家庭里很难看到彩色电视机。

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9. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. 我甚至被放置到航空火箭里去探测月球和火星。(P.18) 1) explore vt.&vi. 探索；探测；探究

翻译：①专家们正在勘察这个岛的各个部分。

②我们必须探讨解决这个问题的所有可能性。

2) 归纳拓展：explorer n. 探险者；探究者 exploration n. 探索；探究

10. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. 不管怎样，我的任务是给人类提供更高质量的生活。(P.18)

1) anyhow/anyway adv. 无论如何；即使如此；不论用何种方法。可位于句首或句末。

翻译：①无论如何我今天必须完成这项工作。

②我已经试过了，但无论如何也打不开门。

2) 归纳拓展：somehow/someway adv. 不知怎么地；以某种方式 翻译：①不知怎么地，我不喜欢这个人。

11. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. 不管怎样，我的任务是给人类提供更高质量的生活。(P.18) 1) 辨析：provide; supply; offer 易混词 provide supply offer 辨析 供给，供应，备办（所需物，由指生活必需品）。 常指主动提供，要价。 供给，供应（所需要或所要求之物）。 固定短语 provide sb. with sth. provide sth. for sb. supply sb. with sth. supply sth. to sb. offer sb. sth. offer sth. to sb. 2) 翻译：他们为孤儿们提供食物和衣服。（孤儿：orphan） ① ( provide sb. with sth.) ② ( provide sth. for sb.)

12. For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.例如，当我无人防守时，我可以用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我，这样可以好好射一个球。(P.23) 1) signal vi.&vt. 发信号 n. 信号，暗号

2) 归纳拓展：①signal for sth. 发信号寻求某物

②signal (to) sb. To do sth. 向某人发信号干某事 ③signal that-clause 发信号暗示

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④a signal of sth. ......的信号

翻译：①飞机发出求救的信号。

②他做手势叫我进教室。

③他打手势暗示他就要转到左面去了。

13. In a way our programmer is like our coach. 在某种程度上来说，我们的程序员就像我们的教练。(P.23)

1) in a way 在某种程度上，从某种意义上讲

翻译：①我在某些方面同意你的看法。

②在某种意义上来说，小学教育比中学教育更重要。

2) 归纳拓展：与way有关的短语

①all the way 一路上，沿路；自始自终 ②by the way 顺便说，附带说说 ③by way of 经由，经过；当作，作为；做出......样子

④in the/one’s way 妨碍 ⑤in no way 绝不，无论如何不 ⑥on the /one’s way (to...) 在（去......的）路上 翻译：①他经由上海转道而来。

②亲爱的孩子们，别站在路上！

14. Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises. 1) arise vi. 出现；发生

翻译：一旦出现问题，我们就必须共同努力来解决它们。

2) 归纳拓展：arise from/out of 出现于......；产生于...... 翻译：疏忽大意会引起事故的发生。

3) 辨析：arise; rise; raise 易混词 arise rise raise 辨析 vi. 向上；上升；出现；起来 vi. 上升；增长 vt. 举起；抬起；提起；提高；增加 例句 Several important legal questions arose in the contract talks.合同谈判过程中出现了几个重要的法律问题。 The sun was rising when we got to the top of the mountain.太阳出来时我们来到了山顶。 They raise glasses to the friendship between the two peoples.他们举杯为两国人民的友谊干杯。 15. After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything. Using my intelligence is what I’m all about. 毕竟，在我过目不忘的电子头脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切。(P.23)

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1) with the help of... 在......的帮助下

翻译：①现在他们通过希望工程的帮助可以继续上学了。

②在老师的帮助下，我赶上了其他同学。

注意：with the help of sb.相当于with one’s help

16. This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls. 这就意味着它应该会打扫房屋，擦洗地板，做晚饭以及接电话。(P.24) 1) deal with 处理；安排；对付

翻译：可得当心，她很难对付。

2) 辨析：deal with; do with 易混词 deal with do with 辨析 deal是不及物动词，其后不接宾语，一般与how连用。 do是及物动词，其后多接宾语，一般与what连用。 例句 I don’t know how to deal with it.我不知道如何处理这件事。 I don’t know what to do with it.我不知道如何处理这件事。 翻译：你们打算怎样处理水污染问题？

17. It should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often. 它还要照看我淘气的侄女，她经常来我家。(P.24) 1) watch over 看守，监视，照管

翻译：①那名抢劫犯正在被三名警察看守。

②照顾这些老人是她的职责。

2) 拓展：与watch有关的短语

①watch for 等待，留意，当心

②watch out (for) 当心，提防；注意

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Book 2 Unit 3 Computers

句型与难句分析导学案（学生版）

一、学习目标：通过练习，掌握文章重点句型与难句并学会分析句子结构。

二、 学习过程 I. 句型与难句分析

1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年 之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。(P.18)

【句型】It+be/takes/took+一段时间+before-clause 花费??久的时间才/就??；

before引导时间状语从句。

【拓展】before引导时间状语从句，可以表达如下意义： 1）表示“在??前”。

2）表示“??后才/就??”。

3）表示“还没有来得及??，就??”。 翻译：1）十天过去了，他才回来。

2）我还没有来得及说一句话，他就冲出去了。

2. As time went by, I was made smaller.随着时间的推移，我被做得越来越小。(P.18) 【句型】as 作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”

例：As I knew him better, I discovered that my impressions had been wrong. 随着我对他更充分的了解，我发现我先前对他的印象不对。 翻译：随着年龄的增长，她更有信心了。

【拓展】1）as引导时间状语时，还可表示“当??的时候”，as引导的这种 状语，可以是持续性的，也可以是非持续性的。 翻译：正当我到门口时，他就来了。

2)as作为连词，还可以表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，且 所引导的状语从句通常倒装。

例：Child as she is, she knows a lot. 尽管她是个小孩但她懂得很多。 翻译：尽管他还很小但他英语说得很好。

3. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget

Anything I have been told.随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展地如此之快， 就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记人们告诉我的任何事情。(P.18)

【句型】so+adj./adv.+that... 如此??以至于??；以便于??，为了??，that引导结果

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状语从句或目的状语从句。

例：①He was so hungry that he ate the whole pie. 他饿极了，一下把整个馅饼都给吃了。

②He got up so early that he could catch the early bus. 他早早起床，以便能赶上早班车。

【拓展】1）在so...that...句式中，若将so...部分提至句首，则主句部分用倒装句式。 例：So tall that I can hardly see its top. 这棵树那么高，我几乎看不见它的顶部。

2）so+adj.+a/an+单数名词+that= such+a/an+adj.+单数名词+that 如此?以至于? 翻译：王海是个非常聪明的孩子，我们都喜欢他。

(so...that...) = (such...that...)

4. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.她把 观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。(P.23)

【句法分析】1）she has seen...为省略了引导词that的定语从句，修饰先行词moves。 2）while watching human games为省略式状语从句，如补全为while she is watching human games。 【拓展】状语从句的省略原则： 1）在when, while, if, unless, though, once等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中， 若从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，为了使句子结构简 洁，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。

2）若从句的主语和动词为it+be的某种形式时，也可以将it be一起省略。 翻译：1）当你过马路时一定要小心。

2)即使受到邀请，我也不去参加聚会。

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Book 2 Unit 3 Computers

Grammar- The Present Perfect Passive Voice

一、学习目标：

1. 了解现在完成时被动语态的构成。

2. 了解现在完成时被动语态在使用过程中要注意的问题。

二、 学习过程 Step one 学前热身。（将下列主动语态变为被动语态）

1. They will publish those books next month.

2. His father will not punish him for it.

3. Will you paint the house next month?

4. Where will the artists build the cinema?

Step two 现在完成时的被动语态 Ⅰ.现在完成时的被动语态的含义：

现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现在或对现在的影响或结果。

Ⅱ.现在完成时的被动语态的构成：

have/ has + been +及物动词的过去分词。主语是复数时，用have；主语是单数时，用has。

Ⅲ.现在完成时的被动语态的形式：

1.肯定式：主语+ have／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词。 例：Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。

2.否定式：主语+have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词。 例：The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。

3.一般疑问式：Have／Has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词? 例：Has my letter been received? 我的信你收到了吗？

4.特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词？ 例：1）How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？ 2）How many new words have been learned by the students？ 这些学生已经学会了多少单词？ 【小试牛刀】

根据上述知识，请完成1—6题

（ ）1.—I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. — ? A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish

（ ）2. Millions of pounds’ damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.

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A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused （ ）3. More patients in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated （ ）4. —The window is dirty.

—I know. It for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

（ ）5. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught

（ ）6. In recent years many football clubs ___ as business to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run Ⅳ.使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题：

1.现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have ／has和been，两者缺一不可。 2.注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动 作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动 作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。 例：The house was built last year．这房子是去年建造的。 The house has been built．这房子已经建好了。

3.非延续性动词，如：finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow， join marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语 如for four days，how long等连用。若要表达相应意思，则要把该类动词换为 延续性动词。

译：这本词典借多长时间了？

误：How long has this dictionary been borrowed? 正：How long has this dictionary been kept? 4.带有双宾语的动词，如：give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, Sell, buy, ask, pay, borrow, lend, offer, hand, pass, get, promise等，变为被动语态 时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。 主动：I have given him the book. 被动：He has been given the book. 被动：The book has been given to him.

5.带有复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能讲宾语变为 主语，原来的宾语补足语仍留在原处。原来为省略to的动词不定式作宾语补 足语的，被动语态中要用带to的动词不定式。 主动：I have made him work hard. 被动：He has been made to work hard.

6.短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面原有的介 词或副词不可遗漏。

例：The orphan has been well looked after．这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。

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【小试牛刀】

根据上述知识，请完成7——15题 正误辨析

7. 能量饮料不允许在澳大利亚制造但是可以从新西兰引进。

误：Energy drinks are not allowed to be making in Australia but are bought in from New Zealand.

正： 8. 自去年以来，我们的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。

误：Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since last year.

正：

9. 去年，那所学校超过十二名学生被保送出国留学。

误：More than a dozen students in that school sent abroad to study medicine last year.

正：

10. 这把椅子做上去很舒服。

误：The chair is very comfortable to be sat on.

正： 11. 我十年买的那辆车的确需要修理了。

误：The old car I bought ten years ago really needs repair.

正： 12. 这件衣服的料子非常柔软。

误：The material of the clothes is felt very soft.

正： 13. 这个小女孩无法忍受批评。

误：The little girl can’t stand criticizing.

正： 14. 这些玩具很受孩子们的欢迎，并且销路很好。

误：The new toys are very popular with children, and they are sold well.

正： 15. 据说早期欧洲的扑克牌是为娱乐和教育的目的而设计的。

误：It is said that European cards have designed for entertainment and education.

正：

【自我检测】 单项选择

（ ）1. Paper money ________ for over a thousand years. A. used B. has been used C. has used D. is using

（ ）2. —We want to sit at the table near the window. —I'm sorry，but it ________ already.

A. has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken （ ）3. —________the letter ________to Mr. Black?

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—No. It's still on the desk.

A. Has; given B. Will; be given C. Was; given D. Has; been given （ ）4. —How long ________ at this job? —Since 1990.

A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed （ ）5. The reason for all the changes being made ________ to us yet. A. as not explained B. has not been explained C. didn't explain D. were not explained

（ ）6. Great changes ________ in my hometown and a lot of factories________. A. have been taken place；are being set up B. have taken place；have been set up C. are taken place；had been set up D. had taken place；will be set up

（ ）7. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.

A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made （ ）8. We are glad to be told that Li Tao to Fudan University for his top scores in the Maths Contest.

A. was admitted B. has been admitted C. is being admitted D. had been admitted

（ ）9. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances in The past years.

A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered

（ ）10. The boys many times not to swim in that lake, but it doesn’t make any difference.

A. have told B. told C. have been told D. were being told

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Book 2 Unit 3 写作导学案（学生版）

读写任务之记叙文

Ⅰ. 什么是记叙文？

记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要表达手段来记人、叙事、写景、状物的一种文体。通常分为三类：1.以记人物为主的记叙文，即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物来写一件事或两件事。2.以事件为主的记叙文，即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件，可以写一个人或几个人。3.以写景状物为主的记叙文。但是“人以事显，事由人生”，人和事是密不可分的。也就是说，在一篇记叙文中，记人、写景、叙事往往是交织在一起的，不可硬性分开，但各有侧重。

Ⅱ. 叙述类文章的写作模板 1. Summary（要素串联法） 2. Body（正文）

1）A transitional sentence（过渡句引出例子） 2) An example and so on

（举出一个相同主题的例子，再按题目要求谈感受或发表看法等） 3. Ending（结尾点题）

Ⅲ. 解题思路及步骤---写作指导

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

I once met a middle-aged stranger who said his money had been stolen at the railway station，so he had no money to go home. He begged for help from passers-by，but they all pretended not to have heard what he was saying and went by quickly. Then he stopped me and wanted me to give him the help. At first I could not accept that because I didn't think he was telling the truth. But when I saw tears in his eyes，I began to believe that he might be in the real trouble，so，just immediately I gave him all the money I had. When he took the money， his face turned red. Before he left，he expressed his great thanks and also said he would give back my money when he reached home.

When I came back to school and told my classmates about my story，they held different opinions. Some of them thought that I did a good deed to have given a hand to the person in trouble，while others said that I was cheated.Some even laughed at me and called me a fool who could not judge things in the right way. Now，I am really confused！ [写作内容]

1.请用30个词概括短文的要点；

2.然后用约120个词就\陌生人可不可信\的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点： 1）叙述你或你的朋友给予陌生人以帮助的一次真实 2）说明你的理由。 [写作要求]

1.可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但 不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2.标题自定。

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【记叙文写作的步骤】

1. Analyze the task 认真审题，明确要求 2. Work out an outline 抓住要点，拟写提纲

3. Write down the whole passage 扩展成段，连段成篇 【如何自定标题】

1. 点题，概括中心思想（注意写作内容第二部分中的Key words） 2. 使用一个短语或一个句子作为标题（譬如，谚语） 【如何用30词概括短文】

1. 要素串联法（5“W”&1“H”）

2. 关注文章的主题思想，省去例子、具体细节以及次要观点

3. 主要引用原文的词句，不能添加自己的见解，但是要用自己的语言概括 4. 用第三人称写作 5. 时态与原文一致 【要素串联法】 “I” gave the stranger all the money and “my” classmates held different What opinions Who “I”, the stranger and my classmates When once Where at the railway station How “I” am confused 【We may begin like these】 1. The passage/ story is about... 2. The writer tells us about/ that...

3. The passage mainly tells us a story that...

Summary: In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of giving help to a stranger, which made him very confused because his classmates held different opinions about his deed. 【如何写过渡句】

1. This story reminds me of another story that happened to (sb.)... 2. I also went through such an experience. 3. I also have a similar experience. 4. It occurs to me a similar story that happened to (sb.)... 5. Like the writer, I also have an unforgettable experience. 【如何举相同主题的例子】 1.过去时讲述经历 2.明确要求

3.不要遗漏任何观点

1）叙述你或你的朋友给予陌生人以帮助的一次真实或虚构的经历 2）说明你的理由 【如何结尾点题】

揭示文章的主题思想，即篇末点题（可用所学谚语或强调句等句型来强调主题）

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【扩展成段，连段成篇】

Help or Not？

In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of giving help to a stranger, which made him very confused because his classmates held different opinions about his deed.

One evening, Father was driving me home when a stranger stopped us and said he needed a ride badly. Father did as asked. I felt a little worried thinking of our safety. But seven days later, we were very surprised to receive a letter from him.

\bedside just before she passed away. God bless you for helping me and unselfishly serving others. Sincerely yours, Tom.\

Nobody can tell when he is in trouble. If everybody just looks on, what will our world be? But it is not unusual that quite a few strangers cheat people out of their kindness. So, be careful when giving help!

Ⅳ. 实战演练

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

I don’t have many unhappy memories but one sad story took place on my last birthday. Before the birthday, I worked out a plan with my parents. We planned to have dinner together in McDonald’s, my favourite restaurant. Then we would go to the Xinghai Concert Hall for a concert given by a group of famous young singers. And the most exciting thing, of course, was the birthday presents. They promised to give me a new MP3 player. However, something unexpected happened on that day. I went home as early as I could. I waited and waited but my parents didn’t come back.

I felt angry at first and then upset. How could they treat me this way? They always forgot me just because they were busy with their work. Yes, they were always busy. They broke their promise and got home late. After that, my grandmother had a talk with me to help me understand my parents’ situation and that made me feel much better.

[写作内容]

1.以约30个词概括短文的要点；

2.然后以120个词就“孩子应该如何理解父母”为题写一篇记叙文，并包括如下要点：

1）叙述在你成长的过程中，曾与父母之间发生的一件不愉快的事情； 2）你对这件事的态度如何； 3）你是如何解决这个问题的；

4）你认为孩子应该如何理解父母。 [写作要求]

1.可以参阅阅读材料中的篇章结构，组织故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2.标题自定。 [评分标准]

概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇章连贯。

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