煤气化制甲醇（年产40万吨）的研究 毕业论文

职业技术学院

毕 业 设 计（论 文） (冶金化工系)

题 目 煤气化制甲醇(年产40万吨)的研究 班 级 学 号 指导教师 完成日期 2010年6月25日—2010年10月10日

专 业 应用化工技术

目录

摘要 ·········································································································································· 1 第一章 绪论 ························································································································· 2

1.2 新型煤化工内容简介 ···························································································· 3

1.2.1发展现代煤化工的意义 ·············································································· 3 1.2.2 现代煤化工的主要特点 ··········································································· 4 1.3 煤炭气化工艺 ········································································································· 4 1.4 煤炭气化技术应用领域 ······················································································ 8 第二章 煤炭气化原理 ····································································································· 10

2.1煤炭气化技术 ········································································································ 10 2.2 煤炭气化的原理 ································································································· 12 第三章 煤气化制甲醇 ····································································································· 14

3.1 合成气的制备 ······································································································· 14

3.1.1 德士古水煤浆气化技术 ········································································· 14 3.1.2 德士古水煤浆气化激冷流程图 ···························································· 15 3.1.3 反应设备—气化炉 ·················································································· 15 3.1.4 合成气的净化 ·························································································· 16 3.2 甲醇的制备 ·········································································································· 18

3.2.1 甲醇的性质 ······························································································· 18 3.2.2 合成气制甲醇 ·························································································· 18 3.2.3 低压法合成甲醇的工艺 ········································································· 19 3.2.4 甲醇合成反应器 ······················································································ 21 3.3物料衡算 ················································································································· 24 3.4能量衡算 ················································································································· 28 第四章 结论 ························································································································· 30

4.1低压法合成甲醇的影响因素 ·············································································· 30

4.1.1温度对CH3OH合成的影响 ····································································· 30 4.1.2 压力对CH3OH合成的影响 ···································································· 30 4.1.3空速对甲醇合成的影响 ············································································ 31 4.1.4 氢碳比的控制对甲醇合成的影响 ·························································· 31

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4.1.5 惰性气体含量对CH3OH合成的影响 ·················································· 32 4.1.6甲醇合成催化剂以及催化剂对甲醇合成的影响 ································· 32 4.2 甲醇市场的展望 ··································································································· 32 致谢 ········································································································································ 34 参考文献 ······························································································································· 35 附图 ········································································································································ 36

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摘要

中国是世界上煤炭资源丰富的国家之一，煤炭储量远大于石油、天然气储量。基于国情，将煤炭加工转化成清洁、高效的二次能源，寻找内燃发动机的替代燃料，使能源结构向多元化结构，解决对石油的过分依赖将是今后的主要发展方向。本文主要综述了煤气化和合成甲醇基本原理、工艺流程、设备、净化、影响因素等。基于此，选用德士古煤气化工艺和低压法合成甲醇工艺，在工艺计算基础上，设计了年产40万吨煤气化制甲醇生产线。 关键词：煤气化，低压法，甲醇

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第一章 绪论

煤化工是以煤炭为主要原料生产化工产品的行业。根据生产工艺与产品的不同，主要分为煤焦化、煤气化和煤液化三条产品链。

图1.1 煤化工产业链

随着高油价时代的到来，以大型煤气化为龙头的现代煤化工产业，以成为全球经济发展的热点产业，这是因为煤化工的能源化工一体化的产业模式，可以减少对原油资源的高度依赖，并有效的解决交通、火电等重要耗能行业的污染和排放等问题。

新型的煤化工产业必将迎来一个蓬勃发展的新时期，成为21世纪的高新技术产业的一个组织部分。作为新型煤化工的一个重要单元技术－－大型先进的煤炭气化技术及气化产品的进一步合作利用，将成为今后的发展的主要方向。 1.1 煤炭气化的发展

中国是使用煤最早的国家之一，早在公元前就用煤冶炼铜矿石、烧陶瓷，至明代已用焦炭冶铁。但煤作为化学工业的原料加以利用并逐步形成工业体系，则是在近代工业革命之后。18世纪中叶由于工业革命的进展，英国对炼铁用焦炭的需要量大幅度地增加，炼焦炉应运而生。18世纪末，煤用于生产民用煤气。1792年，苏格兰人W.默多克用铁甑干馏烟煤，并将所得煤气用于家庭照明。1812年，这种干

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