高级英语 第一课资料

《高级英语》

第一课

词汇（用电子词典吧，生词放入生词本） a host of abolish abusive advocate affirmation allegiance allotted anemia anemic anticipate assert assertive audacious authoritarian bars batter

battering ram besubject to bewilderment bier

black sheep blast blatantly blot bosh

buoyancy capitol

charted course chastity commitment compelling confront consolation contend conviction cosmic councilor creed decay decent

deed

degenerate demanding denunciation despise destiny devoid diminish dislocation distribution divine dreary dwell edifice elevate enhance etch ethereal excessively fatigue fig

fore-parents formula foul

frustration futility gains

get bogged downghetto grim

guarantee homicide hover idleness illogical implement in dire need of in proportion to incarcerate infant mortality

initiative integrated legitimate

Lincolnian Emancipation longing majestic

make a way out of no way manacles manhood meandering menial job metropolis mob

Nietzsche odds

Olympian manhood on the scale of outskirts perpetuate pin down plantation potent potential preacher preceding reap reckless regime resignation ridicule

righteousness ringing cry riot

sanitary secure segregate segregated self-abnegation sentimental setback shatter shattered sheriff snuff out soot sow sphere stand by status quo strain

stripsb ofsth stumble stumbling

substandard housing tear-drenched theologian thesaurus unassailable whim whimsical

课件涉及的释义：

When the Constitution was written, a strange formula to determine taxes and representation declared that the Negro was 60 percent of a person.Today another curious formula seems to declare he is 50 percent of a person. 当初拟定宪法时，一个奇怪的规则规定黑人在纳税和选举代表权方面只是一个完整人的60%。如今又一个奇怪的规则说黑人只相当于50%的人了。

Of the good things in life, the Negro has approximately one half those of whites. Of the bad things of life, he has twice those of whites.

对于生活中的好事，黑人大约只享有白人所享受的一半；而生活中的不愉快，黑人却要承受白人所面对的两倍。

One twentieth as many Negroes as whites attend college. Of employed Negroes, 75 percent hold menial jobs.

20个上大学的学生中，只有一个是黑人。有工作的黑人中，75%的人从事低等的工作。

We must stand up amidst a system that still oppresses us and develop an unassailable and majestic sense of values.

我们必须与仍在压迫我们的制度抗争，从而树立无可争辩的和崇高的价值观。

The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.

要唤醒几百年来一直被灌输自己是卑贱低微的想法的黑人重新树立人的尊严绝非易事。

Even semantics have conspired to make that which is black seem ugly and degrading.

甚至语义学似乎也阴图谋把黑色的说成足丑陋的、可耻的。

In Roget's Thesaurus there are 120 synonyms for blackness and at least 60 of them are offensive, as for example, blot, soot, grim, devil and foul. And there are some 134 synonyms for whiteness and all are favorable, expressed in such words as purity, cleanliness, chastity and innocence. 罗杰特同义词词典中与黑色相关的同义词有120个，其中至少60个是令人讨厌的，如污渍、煤烟、可怕的、魔鬼或污秽的。而与白色相关的同义词约有134个，全部都是令人愉快的，如纯洁、洁净、贞节和清白。

Ossie Davis has suggested that maybe the English language should be reconstructed so that teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child 60 ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority.

奥西．戴维斯曾建议或许应重造英语语言，从而教师将不再被迫去教黑人孩子60种方式作践自己而使他们永远怀有不应有的自卑感，也不再被迫去教白人孩子134种方式吹捧自己而使他们永远怀有不应有的优越感。

The tendency to ignore the Negro's contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood, is as old as the earliest history books and as contemporary as the morning's newspaper.

忽视黑人对美国生活的贡献并且剥夺其做人的权利的倾向，既像最早的历史书那么悠久，又像每天的晨报那样司空见惯。

To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood. Any movement for the Negro's freedom that overlooks this necessity is only waiting to be buried.

为了挫败这种文化绞杀，黑人必须奋起申明自己高贵的人格。任何忽略这一要点的为黑人争取自由的运动都注定要失败。

No Lincolnian Emancipation Proclamation or Johnsonian Civil Rights Bill can totally bring this kind

of freedom. The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own Emancipation Proclamation. 林肯的《解放宣言》和约翰逊的《人权法案》都不能完全带来这种自由。黑人惟有发自内心并用坚定的人格的笔墨签下解放自己的宣言才会得到解放。

Stripped of the right to make decisions concerning his life and destiny he has been subject to the authoritarian and sometimes whimsical decisions of this white power structure. 由于被剥夺了决定自己生活和命运的权利，黑人只能屈从于白人权力机构做出的专横的、有时是反复无常的决定。

The problem of transforming the ghetto, therefore, is a problem of power---confrontation of the forces of power demanding change and the forces of power dedicated to the preserving of the status quo.

因此，改变贫民窟的问题就是权利的问题---这是要求变革的力量和竭力维持这一现状的力量之间的对抗。

You see, what happened is that some of our philosophers got off base. And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and power have usually been contrasted as opposites --- polar opposite that love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.

问题是有些哲学家曲解了它, 而且历史上的一大问题就是常把爱和权力的概念完全对立起来---把它们看作两极化的对立面---结果，爱被看成是放弃权力，而权力被看成是不要爱。

Now, we've got to get this thing right. What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic.

现在我们必须纠正这个错误认识，必须需要认识到没有爱的权力是鲁莽的、伤害性的，而没有权力的爱则是感情用事的、软弱无力的。

This is leading a few extremists today to advocate for Negroes the same destructive and conscienceless power that they have justly abhorred in whites. It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality whichconstitutes the major crisis of our times. 这就导致少数极端分子向黑人宣扬危害性的、没有良知的权利，这种权利恰恰是黑人深恶痛绝的白人权利。正是这种不道德的权力和无权力的道德的冲突构成了我们这个时代的主要危机。

We must develop a program that will drive the nation to a guaranteed annual income. Now, early in this century this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule and denunciation, as destructive of initiative and responsibility.

我们必须制定一个计划来推动我们国家实现有保障的年收入。如果是在本世纪初，这种建议或许会遭到嘲笑和谴责，被看成是伤害积极性和责任感的。

Now we realize that dislocations in the market operations of our economy and the prevalence of discrimination thrust people into idleness and bind them in constant or frequent unemployment against their will.

现在我们懂得是我们的经济市场运行混乱、歧视盛行才使得人们(black people)无事可干，使他们深陷违背自己的意愿的持续的或经常性的失业。

It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster, or by animal necessity. It is the work of men who somehow find a form of work that brings a security for its own sake and a state of society wherewant is abolished. 这不是奴隶做的工作，奴隶干活儿不是被工作本身所驱使，就是被工头所驱使或是迫于动物本能。这是人的工作，是能带来保障，并使社会消除贫困的工作。

Work of this sort could be enormously increased, and we are likely to find that the problems of housing and education, instead of preceding the elimination of poverty, will themselves be affected if poverty is first abolished.

这样的工作如果能大规模地增加，我们就可能发现如果先解决贫困问题，而不是先解决住房和教育问题，那么随着贫穷的消除，住房和教育问题本身就会有所改善。

Beyond these advantages, a host of positive psychological changes inevitably will result from widespread economic security.

此外，广泛的经济保障必然会带来许多积极的心理上的改变。

The futility of violence in the struggle for racial justice has been tragically etched inall the recent Negro riots.

近期所有的黑人骚乱悲惨又清楚地表明暴力在争取种族平等的斗争中是徒劳无益的。

Occasionally Negroes contend that the 1965 Watts riot and the other riots in various cities represented effective civil rights action. But those who express this view always end up with stumbling words when asked what concrete gains have been won as a result.

不时有黑人声称，1965年的瓦特骚乱和其他城市的骚乱代表着有效的人权行动，但当被问到这些骚乱最终取得了什么具体成果时，那些持这种观点的人则支支吾吾、无以应答。

They fail to see that no internal revolution has ever succeeded in overthrowing a government by violence unless the government had already lost the allegiance and effective control of its armed forces. Anyone in his right mind knows that this will not happen in the United States.

他们不懂除非政府已失去武装部队的支持和对其有效的控制，没有任何内部革命能够通过暴力成功地推翻政府。任何有理性的人都明白这在美国是绝不会发生的。

What is needed is a strategy for change, a tactical program that will bring the Negro into the mainstream of American life as quickly as possible. So far, this has only been offered by the nonviolent movement.

我们需要的是寻求改变的策略，一个能使黑人尽快地融入到美国主流生活的机智策略的方案。迄今为止，只有非暴力运动为此提供了可能。

And when one is concerned about these, he can never advocate violence. Forthrough violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder murder. Through violence you may murder a liar but you can't establish truth. Through violence you may murder a hater, but you can't murder

hate. Darkness cannot put out darkness. Only light can do that.

当一个人关注这些的时候，他绝不会支持暴力。因为暴力可能除掉一个凶手，但却不能消除谋杀。暴力可能除掉一个骗子，但却不能缔造真理。暴力可能除掉一个仇人，但却不能消除仇恨。黑暗不能驱除黑暗，只有光明才能驱除黑暗。

And I say to you, I have also decided to stick to love. For I know that love is ultimately the only answer to mankind's problems. And I'm going to talk about it everywhere I go. I know it isn't popular to talk about it in some circles today. I'm not talking about emotional bosh when I talk about love, I'm talking about a strong, demanding love.

我告诉你们，我已决意继续以爱为本。因为我知道爱是最终解决人类问题的惟一答案。因此，无论到哪里我都会这样讲。我知道今天在某些圈子里这是一个不受欢迎的话题。我所说的的爱不是俗套的爱，而是更强烈的、更高层次的爱。

Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.

让我们保持不满，直到美国不再患有信念上的高血压和行动上的贫血症。

Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice.

让我们保持不满，直到那座将城外富裕舒适与城内贫困绝望分隔开来的悲惨之墙被正义的撞锤摧毁。

Let us be dissatisfied until those that live on the outskirts of hope are brought into the metropolis of daily security.

让我们保持不满, 直到那些生活在渴望边缘的人们回到有日常保障的生活中来。

Let us be dissatisfied until integration is not seen as a problem but as an opportunity to participate in the beauty of diversity.

让我们保持不满，直到种族融合将不再被看作是麻烦而是参与创造异彩纷呈的美的机会。

Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol houses a governor who will do justly, who will love mercy and who will walk humbly with his God.

让我们保持不满，直到所有的州府都有一个做事公正、慈爱为本、信奉上帝的州长。

Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together. and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. 让我们保持不满直到有一天狮子将与羔羊同卧一处，所有的人都会坐在自家的葡萄藤和无花果树下，不再有恐惧。

I must confess, my friends, the road ahead will not always be smooth. There will still be rocky places of frustration and meandering points of bewilderment. There will be inevitable setbacks here and there. There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair. Our dreams will sometimes be shattered and our ethereal hopes blasted.

我必须承认，我的朋友们，前面的路不会总是平坦的，岩石遍布会带来挫败，蜿蜒曲折会令人迷惘。到处都会有不可避免的障碍。有时希望的憧憬会变成绝望的疲惫。我们的梦想有时会破碎，崇高的希望有时会破灭。

We may again with tear-drenched eyes have to stand before the bier of some courageous civil-rights worker whose life will be snuffed out by the dastardly acts of bloodthirsty mobs. Difficult and painful as it is, we must walk on in the days ahead with an audacious faith in the future.

我们可能会泪眼模糊地再一次站在被嗜血成性的暴民凶残地夺去生命的某位勇敢的人权志士的灵柩前。无论多么艰难，无论多么痛苦，我们必须以勇敢的信念在未来的日子里勇往直前。

When our days become dreary with low hovering clouds of despair, and when our nights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends toward justice.

当绝望的阴云密布，我们的日子变得阴郁无望时，当我们的夜晚变得无比黑暗时，让我们记住宇宙之间有一种创造力，能推倒巨大的罪恶之山，能把无路变成有路，能把黑暗的昨天变成光辉灿烂的明天。让我们铭记道德的苍穹尽管很长，但它终将倾向正义。

教材练习答案：

V. Paraphrase (英文解释):

1. It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.

2. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.

3. The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/shethrow off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.

4. Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love andjustice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way oflove with power.

5. At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was was to see

howmuch money he had made (or how wealthy he was).

6. A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right

andwrong.

7. This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done,because

they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to befed and

clothed.

8 ....when the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has

isdone away with.

9. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those whohave

love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.

10. Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwillingor

reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination.

VI. 英译汉：

1. 一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。

2. 为了挫败这种文化扼杀，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。 3. 黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。

4. 必须懂得没有爱的权力是毫无节制、易被滥用的，而没有权利的爱则是多愁善感、脆弱

无力的。

5. 正是这种邪恶的权力和没有权势的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。

6. 在本世纪之初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和遣责，认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。 7. 事实上，人们从事改善人类处境的工作，从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及

升华思想的工作并不是为了谋生。

8. ……它能够花费几十亿美元帮助上帝的孩子自立于这个世界。

9. 除非主张暴力的少数人得到大多数人的同情与支持，不和他们对抗，否则，暴力革命很

少或者说几乎没有成功的。

10. 让我们铭记道德的苍穹尽管很长，但它终将倾向正义。

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