Chapter - 8 - - Great - minds 二语法小结及习题

Chapter 8 Great minds 语法小结

Language

【学习目标】：

1．名词+to do sth. 2. 特殊疑问词+ to do sth.

3. 省略不定式to的用法 4．常见的接to do形式的动词或结构

【学习过程】：

I. 概述：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，没有人称和单复数变化，由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，否定直接在to前加not。即：_________________（肯定形式） __________________（否定形式）

II. 名词+to do sth.：

观察下列在课文中出现的句子：

1）Einstein received many invitations to explain his theories. 2）It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you.

划出句中出现的不定式并观察其位置。

小结：句中不定式都是跟在________词后面，作定语，起修饰作用。 练习：

①It’s time __________(start) our work.

②I’ve made a decision _____________（not become）a doctor. ③Do you have anything ____________(say) at the meeting? ④My wish __________(visit) Shanghai Expo came true. ⑤Would you like something _____________(drink)?

III. 特殊疑问词+to do sth.：

观察下列课文中出现过的句子：

1）It’s so easy that even my driver knows how to answer it. 2）I felt guilty and don’t know what to do.

划出句中出现的不定式并观察其位置。

小结：句中不定式都是跟在___________词后面。常见的这类词还有：____________________.

练习：选择合适的疑问代词填空。

what when where who how

①Don’t worry，the teacher will tell you __________ to begin. ②I wonder _____________ to speak to.

③Will you teach me ____________ to use this machine? ④He will advise you __________ to say.

⑤I’m sure someone will show us _____________ to go.

注意：疑问代词+不定式单独使用时相当于特殊疑问句。即： I don’t know what to do. = I don’t know what I should do. I don’t know when to leave. = I don’t know when I should leave.

请写出上面五个句子的同义句：

①_________________________________________________________________. ②_________________________________________________________________. ③_________________________________________________________________. ④_________________________________________________________________. ⑤_________________________________________________________________.

IV. 省略不定式to的用法：

1．使役动词和感官动词要省略不定式to。常见的这些词有： 一“感”：feel

二“听”：hear, listen to

三“让”：have, let, make 四“看”：look at, see, watch, notice

练习：

①We saw him ___________ (enter)the building and go upstairs. ②The boss made them ____________(work )the whole night.

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

He was seen ___________ (enter) the building and go upstairs. They were made ____________ (work) the whole night.

2. 除了以上动词不定式省略to，还有以下结构也省略。你知道他们的意思吗？

Would rather (not) do sth.： ____________________ Sb. had better (not) do sth.： ____________________ Why don’t you / why not do sth.： ____________________

练习：

① Look! How heavy the rain is！You’d better ______

A. don’t go now B. stay here when it stops C. not leave until it stops D. not to leave at once ② You must be very tired, why not ______ a rest？

A. to stop to have B. to stop having C. stop to have D. stop having ③ ----- Shall I stay here?

----- I’d rather _____ with us.

A. you come B. you to come C. you came D. you would come

V. 以下是常见的接to do形式的动词或结构，需牢记：

不定式做宾语（v.+ to do sth.）

不定式做宾语补足语（v.+sb.+ to do sth.）

agree to do sth.同意做某事 decide to do sth.决定做某事 expect to do sth.期待做某事 fail to do sth. 做某事失败 hope to do sth.希望做某事 learn to do sth.学会做某事 manage to do sth.成功做某事 offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 plan to do sth.计划做某事 pretend to do sth.假装做某事 promise to do sth.答应做某事 refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 seem to do sth.好像要做某事 used to do sth. 过去常做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 wish to do sth.希望做某事

例如：

1．不定式做宾语（v.+ to do sth.）

She offered to help me when I was in trouble.

ask sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 believe sb. to do sth.相信某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事 find sb. to do sth.发现某人做某事 imagine sb. to do sth.想像某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事

send sb. to do sth.派送某人做某事

tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth.教授某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事

Mary is planning to do better in her study.

I failed to catch the early bus because I get up late.

2. 不定式做宾语补足语（v.+sb.+ to do sth.）

The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar. I wish you to go to the meeting with me. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 注意：hope 和 suggest 不能接动词不定式做宾语补足语：即:不能用hope / suggest sb. to do

【误】I hope my son to be back soon. 【正】I hope (that) my son will be back soon. 【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.

【正】She suggests (that) we should have a discussion about it. 【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it. 练习：

1. The teacher told the students ______ in class.

A. not talk B. don't talk C. didn't talk D. not to talk 2. You'd better ______ too much meat. You are already over weight. A. don’t eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat

3. My mother often asks me ______ early.

A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up

4. Don't always make Michael _____ this or that. He is already a big boy. A. do B. to do C. does D. did 5. The boy was too busy ______ his father last term.

A. to hear from B. to write to C. hearing from D. write to

6. There is no difference between in the two words. I really don't know ______. A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose which D. to choose what 7. Excuse me. Would you please tell me ______ buy a digital camera?

A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I 8. ---Will she agree ______ to swim tomorrow. ---Yes, She will.

A. go B. to go C. goes D. don't go 9. Tracy can't play the match now. please ______ instead.

A. have Lily do it B. have Lily to do it C. make Lily to do D. let Lily to do it 10. There is going ______ an English party this evening in our school. A. to be B. to have C. having D. being 11. Remember ______ your homework here tomorrow.

A. to bring B. to take C. bringing D. taking 12. The teacher warned his students ______ on the thin ice.

A. not skating B. no skating C. to skate D. not to skate

13. ---Have you got everything ready for the trip? ---Yes. There's nothing ______. A. to worry about B. need to worry about C. to worry at all D. worrying about 14. I have decided to go and ______ this evening.

A. heard his play B. hear him play C. hear him playing D. hear him to play 15. ---The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot ______. A. turning it off B. turn off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 16. John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 17. He is a nice person ______.

A. to work with B. working with C. worked with D. to be worked 18. The ice is thick enough ______.

A. to walk on B. for walking C. to walk D. to walk on it

19. Our teacher did what she could _______ us with English. A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help

20. Their teacher often ___ them a funny story ___ his class lovely and interesting. A. tells; to make B. talks; to make C. says; makes D. speaks; makes 21. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.

A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 22. He said he would rather not _______ it right now. A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing

23. --- I usually go there by train. --- Why not _______ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 24. Would you please _____ on the table?

A. don’t write B. not to write C. not write D. not writing

25. —I didn’t hear you _____ in last night. —That’s good. We tried _____ noisy.

A. come/not being B. coming/to not be C. coming/not being D. come/not to be

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