第一节减数分裂和受精作用（第一课时） Microsoft Word 文档

promotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform mustbe to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests grow, employers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat2.1 减数分裂和受精作用导学案（第一课时）

编写：史小棉 审核：高一生物组

寄语：不要学花儿只把春天等待，要学燕子把春天衔来

[学习目标]：

1、知识方面：阐明细胞的减数分裂；说明精子的形成过程。

2、能力方面：通过对减数分裂过程中染色体数目和行为变化的学习，培养学生识别和分析分裂示意图的能力。 [学习重点]：（1）减数分裂的概念；（2）精子的形成过程。 [学习难点]：精子的形成过程。

[学习过程]：

引入：我们上学期学过，真核细胞的分裂方式有三种，是哪三种？ 、 、 。

问题探讨：请看“问题探讨”中的图，仔细观察果蝇的体细胞和配子中染色体有什么区别？

问：这个过程是通过有丝分裂实现的吗？有丝分裂的特点是什么？

一、减数分裂

配子的形成需要分裂后染色体数目减半，可见它不是通过普通的有丝分裂产生的，而是通过一种特殊方式的有丝分裂，即减数分裂产生的。 问：什么是减数分裂？减数分裂有何特点？

（学生阅读教材P16，说出减数分裂的概念并找出减数分裂特点。）

减数分裂是进行 的生物，在产生 时进行的 的细胞分裂。在减数分裂过程中，染色体只复制 ，而细胞分裂 。减数分裂的结果是，成熟生殖细胞中的染色体数目比原始生殖细胞的 。

强调：(1)范围: 进行 的生物。（无性生殖的生物不进行 分裂） (2)特点:在整个减数分裂过程中，染色体只复制 次，而细胞连续分裂 次。 (3)结果:新产生的 生殖细胞中的染色体数目，比 生殖细胞中的染色体数目减少了 。 二、精子的形成过程

下面我们结合哺乳动物精子的形成，介绍减数分裂的过程。

1、场所：_________，_____ ____是原始雄性生殖细胞。每个精原细胞中的 都与体细胞的相同

bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \es\point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has roomfor manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\profile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \profile shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\itical constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ...Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysispromotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform mustbe to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests grow, employers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat2、过程：

（１）减数第一次分裂：

①间期：主要的变化是____________，精原细胞体积增大成为____________，复制的结果，每条染色体都由 构成，它们由同一个 连接即细胞中每个染色体均含有两个姐妹染色单体（染色体数目 ，DNA含量 ）。也和有丝分裂间期一样，染色体是细丝状，用光学显微镜是看不到的。

②分裂期：

间期复制完成后，细胞开始进行减数第一次分裂，此时的细胞叫 所谓的同源染色体，指 第一次分裂的前期， ，叫联会。

联会后的每对同源染色体都含有 ，叫四分体。 即一个四分体：是一对同源染色体，就是两条染色体，四条染色单体，四个DNA分子。

注意：每一对同源染色体共有四个染色单体，组成一个四分体，因此，同源染色体的数量就等于四分体的数量。

四分体中的非姐妹染色单体之间之间经常发生缠绕，并交换一部分片段。 由此，我们可以推算，果蝇体细胞有8个染色体，减数分裂时，形成多少个四分体？(答： 。)人体细胞有46条，减数分裂时，形成多少个四分体呢(答： 个。)

把四分体时期和联会时比较，由于染色体复制在精原细胞时就发生了，因此，它们所含的染色单体、DNA数目都是相同的，不同的主要是染色体的螺旋化程度不同，联会时染色体螺旋化程度低，染色体细，在光学显微镜下还看不清染色单体，因此，没有在图上表示出来。四分体时期，染色体螺旋化程度高，染色体变粗了，可在光学显微镜下清楚地看到每一个染色体有两个染色单体。 问：上图中，只有 图含有四分体。四分体时期画了几对染色体？(答： 对。)，几条染色体？(答： 条。)，几条染色单体？(答： 条。)，几个DNA分子？(答： 个。)。

随后， 排列在细胞中央，每条染色体的 都有 附着，不久，纺锤丝收缩，牵引染色体向两极移动， 分开，导致四分体平分为二，但此时着丝点并未分开，每一染色体上仍有两条染色单

bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \es\point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has roomfor manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\profile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \profile shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\itical constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ...Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysispromotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and natonal security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform mustbe to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests grow, employers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat体。接着发生细胞分裂，一个 细胞分裂成两个 细胞，而每个次级精母细胞中的染色体数目就只有初级精母细胞的 。 问：观察课本第17页图，初级精母细胞有几条染色体？(答： 条。)，而次级精母细胞呢？ (答： 条。)，染色体数目减半的原因是什么？(答： )，在次级精母细胞中还有没有同源染色体？(答： 。)

即减数分裂过程中染色体数目的减半发生在 （2）减数第二次分裂 基本过程：染色体 复制 ，中期，染色体的 排成一排；后期，每个染色体的 分裂，两个 随之分开，成

为两个 ，在纺锤丝的牵引下，移向两极，接着，细胞分裂，两个

细胞分裂成4个 ，精细胞经过复杂的变形成为 ，在这个过程中，丢掉了精细胞的大部分细胞质，带上重要的物质──细胞核内的染色体，并形成了一个长长的尾，便于游动。减数分裂完成。

问：把精细胞的染色体数目和刚形成的次级精母细胞以及初级精母细胞相比，有何变化？

问：减数第二次分裂过程大体与有丝分裂相似，但它们又有什么不同呢？

(示两个细胞图，请仔细观察，找出两细胞的染色体特点。)

总结：精子的形成过程。

（染色体复制） （减数第一次分裂） （减数第二次分裂）

１精原细胞——————→１初级精母细胞 ２次级精母细胞—————→ （间期：体积增大） （联会、交换、分离、染色体数减半） （着丝点分裂） （变形） ４精细胞————→４精子

注意：1．染色体复制在精原细胞时期。

2．染色体数目减半发生在第一次分裂时期，减半的原因是同源染色体的分开。3．着丝点的分裂，染色体一分为二，发生在减数第二次分裂过程中。 巧记精子形成过程： 精原略增复并列， 同源联会四分体； 两两并列赤道板， 数目减半向两极。 次级精母再分裂， 染色单体相分离； 数目同前四细胞， 复杂变形四精子。 bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \es\point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has roomfor manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\profile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \profile shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\itical constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ... Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysispromotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform mustbe to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests grow, employers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat[巩固] 一、（A）填空：

1．减数分裂是进行 生殖的生物，产生 细胞的分裂方式。在分裂过程中，染色体复制 次，细胞分裂 次；结果是，分裂得到的子细胞中染色体数目同亲代细胞相比 。 2．人和其他哺乳动物的精子在 中形成。 3．间期：精原细胞中的染色体经过 ，精原细胞成为 细胞。 4．联会： 两两配对的现象。

5．四分体：是指联会的一对 的四条染色单体，四分体中的 之间常发生部分片段的交换。 6．同源染色体：大小形状一般 的两条染色体。人的体细胞中，有 对同源染色体。1对同源染色体＝ 个四分体。 二、单项选择题（B）

1．人体细胞有丝分裂时，产生的四分体个数是（ ） A．46 B．23 C．4 D．0 2．如果用A和B分别代表精子细胞中的染色体数和DNA数，则初级精母细胞中的染色体和DNA分别是（ ）

A、2A和3B B、2A和4B C、4A和4B D、4A和2B 3．牛的初级精母细胞分裂期间发生的特征性变化是（ ）

A．同源染色体不分开，着丝点分裂B．同源染色体不分开，着丝点不分裂 C．同源染色体分开，着丝点分裂 D．同源染色体分开，着丝点不分裂

反思小结：

bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \es\point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has roomfor manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\profile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \profile shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\itical constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ...Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysispromotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and natonal security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform mustbe to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests grow, employers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat检测卡（第一课时）

日期： 班级： 学科： 姓名： 层次： 评价：

1．减数第一次分裂中：一个初级精母细胞分裂得到两个 细胞，染色体数目发生 。 2．减数第二次分裂通常没有间期，或间期很短，染色体 复制。每条染色体的 分裂，染色单体变成 。 3．一个次级精母细胞分裂得到两个 。

4．在细胞减数分裂过程中,姐妹染色单体分开的时期是（ ）

A．减Ⅰ前期 B．减Ⅰ中期 C．减Ⅱ后期 D．减Ⅱ末期 5．甘薯种植多年后易积累病毒而导致品种退化。目前生产上采用茎尖分生组织离体培养的方法快速繁殖脱毒的种苗，以保证该品种的品质和产量水平，这种通过分生组织离体培养获得种苗的过程不涉及细胞的（ ）

A．有丝分裂 B．分化 C．减数分裂 D．全能性

6．某生物的体细胞染色体数为2n。该生物减数分裂的第二次分裂与有丝分裂相同之处是（ ）

A．分裂开始前，都进行染色体的复制

B．分裂开始时，每个细胞中的染色体数都是2n

C．分裂过程中，每条染色体的着丝点都分裂成为两个 D．分裂结束后，每个子细胞的染色体数都是n

错因及纠正：

bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \es\point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has roomfor manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\profile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \profile shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\itical constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ... Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysis

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