高中英语语法:非谓语动词详细复习资料
更新时间:2023-03-08 04:57:51 阅读量: 外语学习 文档下载
非谓语
一 高考需掌握的相关知识点:
另外,常见的还有:
1、情态动词(除ought 外)后的to已省略。 例:You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。 I can swim well. 我能游得很好。
2、使役动词 let, have, make后,感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的to省略。
例:He made the baby crying all night long. 他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。 Let it be. 就这样吧。 when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我经过的时候,看见那个女孩在摘花。
注意:在这些词的用法中,用于被动语态时不能省去to。
例:I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3、 would rather/had better/had best后的to省略。
例:I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。 You had better take a hat with you.你最好带上一顶帽子。
4、 why…/why not…句型中not后to省略。例:why not come to my home for a dinner tonight? 今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。
5、 help 后可带to,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:
6、如果在feel,know,observe,see后面跟的不定式是be,则to不可省略。例: We all felt that to be the highest praise. We know him to be brave.
The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessman's desire for profits.
Now I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning.
应该注意到的是feel和see这两个动词在上述例句中已不是感觉动词,它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和“知悉”、“了解”。
7、由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去:例:He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。
8、通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时,可以省去to be。 例: He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
9、but作介词,后结不定式结构时,前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时,but后的不定式要省去to,否则要带to. 例 he wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
10、不定式做表语时,一般要带to,但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时,符号to可省去。
例 we’ve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.
It(This, That)+be+a/an+adj. + n. +to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。
例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。 再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。
1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________. a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on
2. I'm hungry. Get me something __________. a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating
3. It is difficult for a foreigner _________ Chinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written 4. I have no more letters __________, thank you. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult __________.
a.to repair b.to be repaired c.repairing d.being repaired 6. He was nowhere __________. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen
7. She had no money __________ a birthday present for their children. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying 8. We waited for the work __________. a. done b. being done c. to do d. to be done
动名词复合结构的一般构成:
1)名词的所有格形式+动名词(或动名词短语) 2)形容词性的物主代词+动名词(或动名词短语)
如不置于句首时,可以使用:名词+动名词(或动名词短语)或者宾格代词+动名词(或动名词短语)动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语等。它能够侧重说明动名词所表示的动作的执行
者。 Would you mind my/me closing the window? (比较:Would you mind closing the window?) Bob′s being absent made his teacher very angry.
No one will dream of there being such a famous place in the world. Her having lost the keys made Mary very disappointed.
动词—ing的独立结构:
不定式和动名词作主语的区别:
(1) 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2) 动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) To finish the task will take a long time.要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体) (3) 不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
(4)动名词做主语往往表示普通的,一般的行为;不定式作主语常常表示某次具体的行为。 Collecting information about children's health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:
(1)It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do
(2)It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.
3、常用动名词做主语的句型有: It’s no good (use, fun) doing. It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.
不定式、分词、动名词作定语时的比较 A.作前置定语
现在分词、过去分词、动名词 可以作前置定语,而不定式不能作前置定语。如: ① a developing country , a developed country ; boiling water,boiled water ; ②building materials , a swimming pool ; the sleeping boy , the coming new year 。 辨异的方法很简单:
①现在分词具有主动、进行的特点,而过去分词则具有被动、完成的特点。例如,a developing country=a country which is developing (发展中国家 ); boiling water=water which is boiling(正在滚开的水 ) ; a developed country=a country which has developed(发达国家 ); boiled water=water which has been boiled(已滚开过的水)。
②现在分词和动名词同形,但作前置定语时,动名词表示所修饰的名词的用途,例如, .building materials=materials for building; a swimming pool=a pool for swimming ;而现在分词作前置定语时,表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,两
者是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如,the sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping ; the coming new year=the new year that is coming 。 B.作后置定语
不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作作后置定语,而动名词不作后置定语。先看例句:
① The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. ② The problem discussed discussed at the meeting is very important. ③ The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.
辨析:上面例句分别用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作后置定语,是因为它们存在不同的情况:不定式作定语,表示动作正要进行(未发生);现在分词作定语,表示动作正在进行(正在发生);过去分词作定语,表示动作已完成(已发生)。据此,我们可以把上面的例句还原为定语从句作定语的句子,这样学生就更容易理解:
① The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.=The problem ( which is ) to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
② The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which was ) discussed at the meeting is very important.
③ The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which is ) being discussed at the meeting is very important. 现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语 现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语也是比较常用的句式,如: I heard him singing English songs.
His English was poor .He could hardly make himself understood.
学习小结:不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾补,正确使用它们的方法是:首先确定它们与逻辑主语即句子的宾语之间的关系,如果逻辑主语是它们动作的执行者,则用不定式或现在分词作宾补。不定式表示动作已完成,侧重工作的全过程,而现在分词表示动作正在进行;如果逻辑主语是它们动作的承受者,则应用过去分词作宾补。如: I often heard him sing English songs. I heard him singing English songs. I often heard English songs sung by him. 不定式、分词作状语时的比较 A.不定式可修饰动词和形容词,表示原因、目的和结果。 a)作修饰动词的原因状语。如:
The whole nation was in deep sorrow to learn of Premier Zhou Enlai’s death. He laughed to think of his stupid son.
b)作修饰动词的目的状语。如:
He went to buy an English dictionary in the bookstore.
不定式作目的状语如果放在句子之前,则更为正式一些,语气也较重。如: To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil.
c)作修饰动词的结果状语。不定式做结果状语,表示一种没有预料到的情况或结果,须放在被修饰动词的后面,如:
He woke up to find that he was lying in the hospital.
有时为了进一步加强预料不到的语气,在表示结果的不定式前还可加only, 如: He went to see him only to find him out.
d) 作修饰表语形容词的状语。尤其要注意的是,此时作修饰表语形容词状语的不定式常用主动形式,表示被动的含义。如: My chair is comfortable to sit on. English is very difficult to learn well. B.分词可作多种状语,用法比较活跃。 a)作时间状语(相当时间状语从句),如:
Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (=After he had finished his homework, ...)
(When) heated, ice will turn into water. (=When it is heated, ...) b)作原因状语(相当原因状语从句),如:
Being a Party member, I should take the lead. (=As I am a Party member, ...) Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words, he made up his mind to work even harder. (=Because he was greatly inspired by the teacher’s words, ...) c)作方式、伴随或附加说明状语,如:
Filled for the moment with extraordinary strength, he raised himself completely. He stood there waiting for a bus.
Here for the four very difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking. d)作条件状语(相当条件状语从句),如:
Given some more time, she will do work even better. (= If she is given some more time, ...)
Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. (=If you play all day, ... ) e) 作结果状语,如:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
有时在表示结果的现在分词之前还可加only,表示预料之中的情况,如: He went to see him last night only finding him studying. He was always working hard!
f) 作程度状语,如:
The wind rose and it became freezing cold. g)作目的状语,如:
Yesterday she went shopping with his classmates. h) 作让步状语(相当于让步状语从句),如:
Though warned of the danger, the children went on skating on the thin ice.(=Though they were warned of the danger, ...)
要点提示:分词作状语,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,如果分词表示的是主动、进行的动作,则用现在分词作状语;如果分词表示的是被动、完成的动作或状态,则用过去分词作状语,如:
Following the old man, he stepped into the room. Followed by the old man, he stepped into the room. Greatly interested ,I asked how he played these new works. ⑹ 不定式、现在分词作独立成分时的比较
A.不定式作独立成分,表示不定式独立于句子的其他成分,是英语表达的一种方式,不常用,如:
To tell you the truth, I am almost freezing. To be honest, I don’t like being left alone at home.
B.现在分词作独立成分,用来表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度,如: Generally speaking, boys are physically stronger than girls. Judging from his accent ,he must be an American.
注意:
重点:Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。
正在阅读:
高中英语语法:非谓语动词详细复习资料03-08
数据结构简答题打印版11-15
淘宝11.11活动策划书12-17
企划文案市粮食局工作要点计划12-05
实验动物用药量计算07-19
社会学院 团代会提案报告06-20
共筑中国梦手抄报02-16
语文整合课,让智慧携笑声飞扬农村中学12-13
巴戟天研究现状与展望(综述)07-22
- 奶牛焦虫病的诊断与防治 - 医学期刊频道--首席医学网
- 外包工程发包流程
- 管理信息系统(路晓丽版)课后题答案(1-12章全)
- 小学语文课题研究方案
- 企业内部培训师管理制度
- 《史记》拓展阅读设计
- 入口广场铺装施工方案
- 附录B塔式起重机安装验收记录表
- 云南省昆明三中2014-2015学年高二下学期期中考试物理试卷 (Word版含答案)
- 郑州大学毕业设计附件
- 民俗学视野下的中国百年歌谣研究
- 巩固练2020统编版(2019)高二选择性必修上册第一单元阶段复习 第一单元仿真模拟训练
- 量化研究学习书单
- 给尾注编号加方括号超级简单方法
- 第1课《放大镜》
- 定价的步骤及新产品定价策略(1)
- 八年级英语下册第六单元基础知识
- 全省地方志工作会议综述
- An Investigation of Tightly Coupled Time Synchronous Speech Language Interfaces Using a Uni
- 新目标英语八年级(上)单元测试题(Units6-7)
- 谓语
- 复习资料
- 高中英语
- 动词
- 语法
- 详细
- 安徽舒城2017高一英语下学期研究性学习材料(四)!
- 初中英语教师教学经验汇报材料:一辈子都在学教英语——我的职业
- 英语教师经验交流材料
- 英文早读材料
- 四级六级复习 何凯文老师四六级冲刺讲座资料汇总版
- 人教版新起点六年级上学期英语听力原文材料(英汉对照)
- 人大国际政治经济学专业考博考试内容复习资料考试内容参考书-育.
- 初中音标学习材料
- 技术壁垒的概述及影响 毕业论文外文翻译 中英文对照
- 不得不看日常适合幼儿学习的英语资料有哪些?
- 武汉理工大学研究生--材料科技英语-课文翻译
- 英语朗读材料
- 阅读备课材料
- 探究英汉翻译软件在大学生英语学习中的应用
- 智慧课室环境下小学生自主学习的英语教学模式建构
- U1-七年级英语(上)辅助学习资料
- 英语答案
- 英语基础知识复习资料
- 高考听力练习材料4-10套
- 牛津高中英语模块一Unit1自主学习辅导材料