考研英语历年真题核心词汇总结(绝对实用)

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每年考研英语试卷都出现的单词(不含基础词汇)

一级词必考词----102个

social 社会的,交际的,好交际的rate 速率,比率,等级,价格,费用,估价,费用,估价,评级,评价account 帐目(户),叙述,说明,解释,是......的原因drive 开(车),驱赶,驱动,把(钉.桩)打入,驱车旅行,有计划的努力view 景象,风景,观点,见解,观察,观看,眼界,看待,观察,考虑age 年龄,时期,时代,变老,老化function 功能,作用,职务,职责,函数,密切关系,集会,起作用creat 创造,创作,引起,造成,建立culture 修养,教养,文化,文明otherwise 别样,用别的办法,在其他方面,要不然,否则activity 活动,活性,活力depend 取决于,依靠,信赖,相信project 方案,计划,工程,项目,投射,放映,(使)凸出,(使)伸出,设计,规划structure 结构,构造,建筑物,构造,建造author 作者,创始人economic 经济上的,经济学的,合算的,有经济效益的process 过程,进程,工序,制作法,(法律)程序,(诉讼)手续,加工,处理,办理system 系统,体系,制度,体制growth 生长,增长,发展,产物,肿瘤behaviour 行为,举止,(机器的)特性20 economy 节约,经济individual 个人的,单独的,独特的,个人,个体theory 理论,原理,学说,见解,看法concern 涉及,关系到,关系,挂念,(厉害)关系fund 资金,基金ability 能力,智能,才能,才干tend 趋向,往往是,照料,看护advantage 优点,长处,有利条件,利益,好处benefit 利益,好处,恩惠,有益于,受益intelligence 智力,聪明,理解力,情报,消息,报道substance 物质,实质,大意,财产,财物essential 必要的,必不可少的,本质的,基本的infer 推论,推断product 产品,结果,产物,乘积expert 专家,能手,熟练的,有经验的,专门的likely 很可能的,有希望的,大概,多半available 可用的,可得到的,可以见到的,随时可来的following 接着的,下列的intellectual 知识分子,智力的,要用脑力的professional 职业的,专门的,专业的,自由职业者,专业人员40 attitude 态度,看法,姿势community 同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区,共同体advertise 做广告amount 数量,总额,合计,总共达,等于competition 比赛,竞争decade 十年decline 下倾,下降,下垂,衰落,斜面,倾斜,拒绝,谢绝detail 细节,详情,详述inflation 通货膨胀paragraph 段,节,小新闻,短评involve 卷入,陷入,连累,包含,含有,涉及issue 流出,放出,发行,发表,颁布,发行(物)报刊期号,问题,争论点,争端ambition 雄心,野心bore 钻(孔),挖(眼),打眼,钻探,烦扰,使烦扰,讨厌的人,麻烦事environment 环境,外界influence 影响,感化,势力,权势,影响,感化spot 斑点,污点,地点,场所,认出,认清,发现,玷污,弄脏,用点做记号adult 成年人,成年人的,已成熟的concept 概念,观念,思想maintain 维修,保养,维持,保持,坚持,主张,支持60 principle 原理,原则,注意,信念advocate 提倡者,鼓吹者,辩护律师,提倡,鼓吹ecolution 进化,渐进,演化intend 想要,打算,企图legal 法律的,法定的,合法的,正当的means 方法,手段opportunity 机会competitive 竞争的,比赛的,好竞争的,具有竞争力的critical 批评的,评论的,危急的,紧要的,临界的interpret 解释,说明,口译least 最小的,最少的,最小,最少moral 道德上的,道义上的,寓意,教育意义status 地位,身份,情况,状况universe 宇宙,万物tailroad 铁路,由铁道运输agent 代理人(商),代表capacity 容量,容积,能量,能力,接受力claim 声称,主张,索赔,要求,主张,断言,索赔权利,要求权,所有权consequence 结果,后果,影响,重要性employment 雇佣,使用,工作,职业80 extend 延长,延伸factor 因素,要素highly 高度地,很非常,赞许地journal 定期刊物,杂志,日报,日志,日记survive 幸免于,幸存,比......长命trend 倾向,趋势,伸向,倾向approach 靠近,接近,临近,方法,途径,探讨debate 争论,辩论discipline 纪律,学科,训练,训导,管教patent 专利的,特学的,专利,专利权,破准专利,获得专利exceptional 例外的,异常的

mainly 大体上,主要地given 考虑到,有.....癖好的,有......倾向的,规定的,特许的technology 工艺,技术cancer 癌dam 水坝,水闸carbon 碳arctic 北极(区)的,北极,北极圈industrial 工业的,产业的invention 发明,创造writer 作者,作家per 每,经由

二级重点词----105个

affect 影响,感动climate 气候,风气,社会思潮action 行动,行为,动作,活动,作用balance (用天平等)称,(使)平衡,天平,秤,平衡,均衡,差额,结余,余款communication 通讯,传达,传送,交流,沟通,通讯系统,交通(工具) court 法院,法庭,宫廷,朝廷,院子,球场establish 建立,设立,安置,使定居,使立足,确定manner 方式,方法,举止,风度,礼貌,规矩,风俗observe 遵守,奉行,观察,注意到,看到selection 选择,挑选,选集,精选物stock 备料,库存,现货,股票,公债,存储lower 较低的,下级的,下游的,降下,放低shape 形状,外形,情况,状态,种类,成型,塑造,影响(.....的形态等),决定(进程等) staff 全体职工,全体人员,杠棒,参谋部,配备工作人员,做.....的雇员,作为职员为.....服务cash 现金,现款,兑现,付(收)现款engage (使)从事于,(使)忙着,(使)订婚,雇佣organization 组织体制,团体机构stress 压力,应力,重音,强调,着重element 元素,组成部分investment 投资,投资额20 management 经营,管理,管理部门obtain 获得,得到obvious 明显的,显而易见的solve 解决,解答define 给....下定义,限定evidence 根据,证据,形迹,迹象experiment 实验,进行实验learned 博学的,有学问的policy 政策,方针private 私人的,个人的,秘密的,私下的relate 叙述,讲述,使相互关系resource 资源,财力,办法,智谋,应变之才responsible 应负责的,有责任的,可靠的,可信赖的,责任重大的,重要的risk 置....的风险,冒险,风险source 源,源泉,来源,出处specific 明确的,具体的,特定的,特有的alter 改变,变更appropriate 拨款,适用,适当的,恰如其分的avoid 避免,回避,逃避corporation 公司,企业,团体40 creative 有创造力的,创造性的definite 明确的,肯定的,限定的emphasis 强调,重点federal 联邦的focus 焦点,(活动,兴趣等的)中心,使聚集集中poetry 诗歌,诗predict 语言,预测,预告shift 替换,转换,移动,转换,转变,(轮)班,(换)班transport 运输,运送,搬运,运输系统,运载工具adapt (使)适应,适合,改编,改写civil 公民的,市民的,国内的,民间的,民用的,有礼貌的,文明的,文职的crime 罪行,犯罪criminal 罪犯,刑事犯,犯罪的,刑事的distinct 清楚的,明显的,截然不同的,完全分开的enterprise 花费,消费,消耗gas 气体,煤气,汽油,空谈,闲聊historic 有历史意义的,历史的leisure 空闲,闲暇,悠闲,安逸limited 有限的,被限制的logic 逻辑,逻辑学60 personality 人格,个性,著名人物potential 潜在的,可能的,势的,位的,潜能,潜力profession 职业,自由职业profit 利润,收益,益处,得利,获益,利用,有利于relevant 有关的,相应的,适当的,中肯的,实质性的,有重大意义的solar 太阳的,日光的specialist 专家,专科医生sufficient 足够的,充分的tradition 传统,惯例arise 出现,发生,由.....引起,由.....产生career 生涯,经历,专业,职业challenge 挑战书,艰巨任务,难题,向....挑战characteristic 特有的,独特的,特征,特性commercial 商业的,商务的,贸易的commit 把.....交托给,提交,犯(错误)干坏事contract 契约,合同,缩小,缩短,订(约) current 电流,水流,气流,潮流,趋势,当前的,现在的,通用的,流行的deny 否认,否定,拒绝给予humor 幽默,诙谐despite 不管,不顾80 technological 工艺的directly 直接地,径直地,立即,马上existence 存在,实在,生存,生活(方式) imply 意指,含.....意思,暗示intention 意图,意向,目的medium 中间,适中,媒介物,介质,传导体,中等的,适中的property 财产,资产,所有物,性质,特性reject 拒绝,抵制,驳回,丢弃,排斥,退掉respond 回答,答复,答应significant 有意义的,重大的,重要的survey 俯瞰,眺望,勘测,全面审视,调查,测量图,勘定productivity 生产率athlete 运动员goods 商品,货物engineering 工程学unemployment 失业,失业人数shipper 发货人,托运人,货主intellect 智力,理解力,有才智的人interaction 互相影响,互相作用billion十亿,万亿disadvantage 不利,不利条件,损害robot 机器人,自动机械考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 3

employee 雇工,雇员 web 网,蜘蛛网 unable 不能的,不会

Unit 1

真题文章(94完形)考研核心词汇

choice n. 选择, 抉择, 精选品, 选择机会, 选择权 adj. 精选的, 上等的, 挑三拣四的,

可选的, 宠爱的, 爱惜的

[例] She had to make a choice between the two dresses. 她得在两件衣服中选择一件。 [同义] alternative , cream ,decision ,option, pick, preference ,selection [派生] choose v. 选择, 选定

[固定搭配] at one's own choice 随意挑选, 自由选择;be choice of 好挑剔的; utmost n.极限, 最大可能, 极力adj.极度的, 最远的 [例] the utmost ends of the earth 天涯海角 [同义] extreme, farthest ,greatest, most comprehend vt. 领会, 理解, 包[固定搭配] at the utmost 至多;do one's utmost 尽括(包含), 由...组成 全力; make the utmost of ... hence adv. 因此, 从此 充分利用; to the utmost 竭力; 尽力; [例] They grew up in the Sudan; hence their interereaction n. 反应, 反作用, 反动(力) in Nubian art. [例] What is his reaction to your proposal? 他们在苏丹长大;由是产生了对努比亚艺术的兴趣 他对你的建议有什么反应? [同义] accordingly, away, consequently, elsewher[反义] action n. 动作, 作用, 战斗, 行动, 举动, 行from now on, later therefore 为, (戏剧或书中)的情节, (某一地区、领域或团体中)[反义] ago adv. 以前的, 以往的 最能产生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活动 transmission n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播

vt. 对...起诉 [例] transmission of news 消息的传播

[派生] react vi. 起反应, 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用 [同义] sending ,transport, transfer, broadcast

reactive adj. 反应的, 起反作用的, 反动的, [反义] reception n. 接待, 招待会, 接收

电抗性的 [派生] transmissible adj. 可传送的, 可遗传的

interfere vi. 干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰 transmit vt. 传输, 转送, 传达[例] I was playing with Jane, but Anne interfered and 传导, 发射, 遗传, 传播 vi.发射spoiled the game. 信号, 发报 我正在和珍妮玩,可是安妮插了进来,把游戏给打乱了。 inaccurate adj. 错误的, 不准确的

[同义] arbitrate, encroach, intercede ,interrupt, [例] There is a slight inaccuracy in this design. intervene, intrude, meddle 张设计图中有一点不大准确。 [派生] interference n. 冲突, 干涉 [同义] incorrect , inexact [固定搭配] interfere in 干涉, 干预; [反义] accurate adj. 正确的, 精确的

interfere with 妨碍; 干涉, 干扰; [派生] inaccuracy n. 错误

comprehension n. 理解, 包含 indefinite adj. 模糊的, 不确定的, [语]不定的

[例] Reading depends on the comprehension of the [例] an indefinite leave of absence 对在场者的离ideas expressed by the words used. 无明确限制的 阅读有赖于对所用词句所表达的含义的理解。 [同义] broad, confused, general, hazy, indistinc[同义] apprehension obscure, unclear, vague [反义] incomprehension n. 不了解, 不领悟 [反义] definite adj. 明确的, 一定的

[派生] comprehensive adj.全面[派生] indefinitely adv. 不确定地 考研英语核心词的, 广泛的, 速成胜经 4 能充分理解的, 包容的

Unit 2

真题文章(95完形)考研核心词汇

characterize vt. 表现...的特色, 刻画的...性格

[例] This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。

[同义] depict, describe, distinguish, picture, portray, represent

[派生] characterization n. 描述, 人物之创造 assume vt. 假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现

[例] The queen assumed a velvet robe. 王后穿了一件天[固定搭配] on purpose 故意地;有意地; to good purpose 有益地,有成效地

to little purpose or to no purpose几乎徒劳的,成效地

deprivation n. 剥夺

[例] deprivation of civil rights 剥夺公民权 [派生] deprival n. 剥夺 deprive vt. 剥夺, 使丧失

fatal adj. 致命的, 重大的, 命运注定的, 不幸的,命的, 毁灭性的

[例] “It is fatal to enter any war without the 鹅绒长袍

[同义] adopt, believe, presume. put on, suppose, suspect

[反义] conclude v. 结束, 终止, 决定, 作出结论 vt. 推断, 断定, 缔结, 议定

[派生] assumed adj. 假定的, 假装的, 装的 restorative adj. 有助于复元的 n. 滋补剂 [例] a restorative tonic 有恢复作用的滋补品 [派生] restore

vt. 恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复, 重建

function n. 官能, 功能, 作用, 职责, 典礼, 仪式, [数]函数

vi. (器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责

[例] Growth is a function of nutrition .

长身体是由营养决定的。

[同义] act, ceremony, exercise, gathering, operate, perform

[派生] functional adj. 功能的 [固定搭配] public function

盛大的公共集会, 正式社交集会;

social function 盛大的公共集会, 正式社交集会; purpose n. 目的, 意图, 用途, 效果, 决心, 意志 vt.

打算, 企图, 决心

[例] He went to town with the purpose of buying a new television.他进城的目的是买一台新电视机。

[同义] aim, design, determination, goal, intention, object

[派生] purposeful adj. 有目的的

to win it” (Douglas MacArthur). “不抱赢的希望参加战争,那是必死无疑的” (道格拉克阿瑟)。

[同义] deadly, destructive, disastrous, fatefuimportant, killing

[派生] fatally adv. 致命地, 宿命地, 不幸地 bacterial adj. 细菌的

[例] bacterial diseases. 细菌性疾病 [派生] bacteria n. 细菌 immune adj. 免疫的

[例] The criminal was told he would be imfrom punishment if he helped the police. [同义] clear, exempt, free, resistant

[反义] liable adj. 有责任的, 有义务的, 易...的有...倾向的, 负有责任的, 很有可能的

susceptible adj. 易受影响的, 易感容许...的n. (因缺乏免疫力而) 易得人

[派生] immunize v. 使免疫, 赋予免疫性 crash n. 碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, 撞击声, 爆裂声 v. 碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, (指商业公司, 政府等)破产,台

[例] The elephant crashed through the forest. [同义] break, shatter, smash, strike [派生] crasher n. 猛击, 不速之客

[固定搭配] on a crash basis 紧[应]急地; with a crash 轰隆一声; 考研英语核心词汇速成胜

Unit 3

真题文章(96完形)考研核心词汇

Unit 4

vitamin n. 维他命, 维生素 [例] primary vitamin 维生素原 [派生] vitaminic adj. 维他命的

organic adj. 器官的, 有机的, 组织的, 建制的 [例] an organic part 一个有机的组成部分 [派生] organism n. 生物体, 有机体 compound n. 混合物, [化]化合物

adj. 复合的 v. 混合, 配合

真题文章(97完形)考研核心词

agency n. 代理处, 行销处, 代理, 中介

[例] agency general 总代理 [同义] management, office, operation, work

[派生] agent n. 代理(商)

swarm n. 蜂群, 一大群 v. 涌往, 挤[例] If you take this action, it will only compound your problems. [同义] complex, mixture, blend [派生] compounding n. 组合, 混合

maintenance n. 维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养

[例] He took a course to learn about car maintenance.

他学习了汽车保养的课程。 [反义] abandonment n. 放弃

[派生] maintain vt. 维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张 deficiency n. 缺乏, 不足

[例] a nutritional deficiency 营养缺乏

[同义] shortage, insufficiency, lack, inadequacy weakness [派生] deficient adj. 缺乏的, 不足的, 不完善的 [固定搭配] make up for a deficiency 补足亏空 apparent adj. 显然的, 外观上的

[例] It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars. [同义] clear, evident, obvious, plain, seeming [反义] hidden v. hide的过去分词 adj. 隐藏的 [派生] apparently adv. 显然地 arrange v. 安排, 排列, 协商

[例] In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical order. [同义] adapt, catalog, classify, fit, organize, settle [反义] derange vt. 使错乱, 使精神错乱, 使发狂 disturb vt. 弄乱, 打乱, 打扰, 扰乱 v. 扰乱 [派生] arrangement n. 排列, 安排 [固定搭配] arrange for 安排, 准备;

arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事;

essential adj. 本质的, 实质的, 基本的, 提炼的, 精华的 n. 本质, 实质, 要素, 要点

[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems?

[同义] basic, fundamental, important, necessary, needed, required [派生] essentiality n. 本性, 真髓, 本质, 重要性 excess n. 过度, 剩于, 无节制, 超过, 超额 adj. 过度的, 额外的

[例] You have to pay for excess luggage on a plane. [同义] additional, extra, surplus [反义] deficiency n. 缺乏, 不足

[派生] excessive adj. 过多的, 过分的, 额外 [固定搭配] in excess of 超过

满, 密集, 成群浮游, 云集

[例] The beach is swarming with bathers. 海滩满是海浴的人。

[同义] assemble, cluster, collectcrowd, gather, meet

[固定搭配] a swarm of 一群, 一堆;swarm into 蜂拥而入;swarm with充满着, 拥挤着;

giant n.巨人, 大力士,巨大的动物或植物,伟人, 天才adj. 庞大的, 巨大的

[例] Shakespeare is a giant amongwriters.

[同义] colossal, enormous, giganthuge, immense, mammoth, monumenta考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 6

[反义] diminutive adj. 小的, 指小的, 小型的

n. 小的人, 指小辞, 指小词, 爱称

dwarf n. 矮子, 侏儒 v. (使)变矮小, [派生] giantlike adj. 巨人般的, 巨大的 disposable adj. 可任意使用的

[例] Every disposable piece of equipment was sent to the fire. 每一种可用的设备都被大火烧毁了

[派生] disposal n.处理,处置, 布置,安排, 配置, 支配

usual

[反义] maximum n. 最大量, 最大限度, 极大

adj. 最高的, 最多的, 最大极限的,

minimum adj.最小的,最低的 n. 最小值, 最小[派生] averagely adv. 平均地, 一般地 [固定搭配] law of averages 平均律;

on (an) average 通常;按平均;

dispose v. 处理, 处置, 部署 vt. 布置, 安排,

除去, 使愿意

fundamentally adv. 基础地, 根本地

[例] She is fundamentally unsuited to office work. [同义] primarily

[派生] fundament n. 基础, 基本原理, 臀部

fundamental adj.基础的,基本的 n.基本原则,基本原理 pension n. 养老金, 退休金

[例] “Some French farmers suggest that the Government pension off the older and less efficient farmers”(E.J. Dionne, Jr.)

[同义] aid, allowance, assistance, grant, help, stipend

[派生] pensionable

adj. 有资格领退休金的, 可领退休金的 loyal adj. 忠诚的, 忠心的

[例] The people stayed loyal to their country. [同义] devoted, dutiful, faithful, obedient, true, trustworthy

[反义] disloyal adj. 不忠的, 背叛的, 不忠诚的 [派生] loyalty n. 忠诚, 忠心

Unit 5

真题文章(98完形)考研核心词汇

industrialization n. 工业化, 产业化

[例] bring about industrialization 实现工业化 [派生] industrialize vt. 使工业化 vi. 工业化 average n. 平均, 平均水平, 平均数, 海损

adj. 一般的, 通常的, 平均的 vt. 平均为, 均分, 使平衡, 达到平均水平vi. 买进, 卖出

[例] What is the average rainfall for August in your country?

[同义] fair, medium, middle, ordinary, passable,

widespread adj. 分布广泛的, 普遍的 [例] a widespread disease 一种流行病 [派生] widespreader 撒布装置

misery n. 痛苦, 苦恼, 悲惨, 不幸, 穷困 [例] Misery loves company. 同病相怜。

[同义] distress [反义] happiness n.幸福, 快乐 [派生] miserable adj. 痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜 preceding adj. 在前的, 前述的 [例] the preceding night 前一晚 [同义] previous, prior ,former

[派生] precede v. 领先(于), 在...之前, 先于 abundance n. 丰富, 充裕, 丰富充裕

[例] The tree yields an abundance of fruit. [同义] plenty , profusion

[反义] lack n. 缺乏, 短缺的东西 vt. 缺乏, 没有, 需要 vi. 缺乏, 没有

[派生] abundant adj.丰富的,充裕的,丰富,盛产,富于specialist n. 专门医师, 专家

[例] a specialist in oncology 一个肿瘤科医生 [同义] expert

[派生] special n. 特派员专车, 专刊

adj. 特别的, 特殊的, 专门的,

populace n. 平民

[例] majority of the populace 绝大多数平民百姓

Unit 6

真题文章(99完形) 考研核心词汇

establish vt建立,设立,安置,使定居,使人民接受,确v. 建立 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 7

[例] The club has established a new rule allowing women to join.

[同义] demonstrate , fix , found , organize, prove, set, settle, show

[反义] demolish vt. 毁坏, 破坏, 推翻, 粉碎 [派生]establishment

n.确立,制定,设施,公司,军事组织

due n. 应得物、权力, [复]应付款

adj.应得的, 应付的, 正当的, 预期的, (车、船

Unit 7

真题文章(00年完形)考研核心词汇

consumption n. 消费, 消费量, 肺病 [例] The petrol consumption of the big car as very h这辆大的小汽车耗油量很大。

[反义] production n. 生产,产品,作品,(研究)成果 [派生] consume vt.消耗,消费,消灭,大吃大喝,吸引

预定)应到的

[例] Our thanks are due to him. 我们要感谢他。 [同义] equitable, fair, fitting ,just ,proper, rightful ,square

[反义] undue adj. 不适当的

[固定搭配] due to 因为;由…引起;由于; differ vi. 不一致, 不同

[例] Chinese differs greatly from Japanese in pronunciation. 汉语发音跟日语大不相同。 [反义] coincide vi. 一致, 符合

[派生] difference n. 差异, 差别, 分歧, 争论, [数]差额, 差分adj. [数]微分的, [机]差动的 [固定搭配]

agree to differ 求同存异, 彼此保留不同意见; beg to differ 恕不苟同;

differ from 不同于; 和...不同; 和...意见不一致; differ in在...方面不同;

differ with sb. 与某人意见不同;

stress n. 重压,逼迫,压力,重点,着重, 强调, 重音 vt. 着重, 强调, 重读

[例] I must stress that we haven't much time. [同义] accent, emphasis, force,

importance ,insistence, pressure, strain, tension [固定搭配] stress out Slang

appeal n. 请求, 呼吁, 上诉, 吸引力, 要求vi. 求助, 诉请, 要求vt.控诉

[例] The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每个人节约用水。 [同义] beg, entreat ,implore, plead

[派生] appealing adj. 吸引人的, 哀诉似的, 恳求似的 [固定搭配] appeal to 向...呼吁[请求]; obtain vt. 获得, 得到

[例] I haven't been able to obtain that book. [同义] acquire ,earn ,gain, get ,procure, receive ,secure

[反义] lose vt. 遗失, 浪费, 错过, 输去, 使失去, 使迷路, 使沉溺于vi. 受损失, 失败

[派生] obtainable adj. 能得到的, 可到手的 insurance n. 保险, 保险单, 保险业, 保险费 [例] A balanced diet is an insurance against malnutrition.

[派生] insure vt. 给...保险 v. 确保

vi. 消灭, 毁灭

surplus n. 剩余, 过剩, [会计]盈余

adj. 过剩的, 剩余的 vt. 转让, 卖掉

[例] Brazil has a big surplus of coffee.

[同义] additional ,excess, extra, leftover, spasuperfluous , supplementary [反义] deficit n. 赤字, 不足额

[固定搭配] operation surplus 营业盈余; overall surplus 总顺差; commodity n. 日用品

[例] Air conditioners are one of the many commodithat Japan sells abroad.

[同义] article , product , ware

implement n.工具, 器具 vt. 贯彻, 实现 v. 执行 [例] The committee's decisions will be implemenimmediately.

[同义] apparatus, appliance ,bring about, carryout ,complete, contraption [派生] implementation n. 执行

implementary adj. 实施的, 执行的 考研英语核心词成胜经 8

fertilizer n.肥料(尤指化学肥料),[动]受精媒介物 [例] He was not only a distinguished writer but a fertilizer of other talents.

[派生] fertilize vt. 施肥,使丰饶,使受精,使肥沃, irrigation n. 灌溉, 冲洗

[例] bring the farmland under irrigation 使农田水利化

[派生] irrigate vt.灌溉,修水利,冲洗伤口, 使潮湿 vi. 进行灌溉

sufficient adj. 充分的, 足够的

[例] Sufficient data have been collected for the [例] a significant speech 意味深长的讲话 [同义] important

[反义] insignificant adj.无关紧要的,可忽略的 [派生] significance n. 意义, 重要性 tighten v. 变紧, 绷紧, 拉紧

[例] Will you tighten this screw; it's very loo[反义] loosen v. 解开, 放松, 松开 [派生] tightening 上紧, 固定, 紧密 legal adj. 法律的, 法定的, 合法 [例] a legal holiday 法定假日

[同义] admissible, authorized, just ,lawful building project. [同义] adequate, ample ,enough , plenty, satisfactory [反义] insufficient adj. 不足的, 不够的 n.不足 [派生] sufficiency n. 充足, 自满, 足量

Unit 8

真题文章(01年完形)考研核心词汇

ban n. 禁令 vt. 禁止, 取缔(书刊等)

[例] Smoking is banned in school. 在学校禁止吸烟。 [同义] bar, block ,exclude, forbid, obstruct ,outlaw, prohibit

[反义] approval n. 赞成, 承认, 正式批准

permission n. 许可, 允许

witness n. [律]证人, 目击者, 证据, 证明, 证词

vt. 目击, 为...作证, 证明, 表明

vi. 作证, 成为证据

[例] His tears witnessed the shame he felt.

[同义] behold, discern, glimpse ,observe ,perceive, see , sight

prominent adj. 卓越的, 显著的, 突出的

[例] A single tree in a field is prominent .

[同义] celebrated, distinguished, eminent, famous,

great ,important

[反义] anonymous adj. 匿名的

[派生] prominently adv. 显著地

prominence n. 突出,显著,突出物 significant adj. 有意义的, 重大的, 重要的

[反义] illegal adj. 违法的, 不合规定的

[派生] legality n. 合法,墨守陈规,法律上的义务 chancellor n. 长官, 大臣

[例] the Lord Chancellor 大法官

draft n.草稿,草案,草图 vt.起草,为...打设计 v. 草拟 [例] draft a bill 起草法案 [同义] air,bill ,call-up ,check ,drawing ,enlistment ,llment ,induction ,note [派生] drafting 起草

[固定搭配] on draft 散装的,直接汲取的从一个大容汲取的,如酒桶; committee n. 委员会 [例] Our club has a committee on entertainments我们俱乐部有一个管理娱乐事宜的委员会。 [同义] council ,delegation, group [派生] committeeman n. 委员 protest n.主张,断言,抗议 v.主张,断言抗议, 拒付

[例] The people made a protest about the rise in pri人们对价格上涨提出抗议。 [同义] challenge ,disapprove ,dispute, dissent,object, squawk

[反义] agree vi. 同意, 赞成...的意见, 与...一致认, 适合 vt. 同意 [派生] protestatory adj. 表示抗议(或异议)的 考研核心词汇速成胜经 9

privacy n. 独处而不受干扰, 秘密

[例] We must respect other's privacy.

[同义] cloister, hideaway, intimacy, isolation, retreat, sanctum, seclusion, secrecy [派生] private adj. 私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的 n. 士兵 convention n. 大会, 协定, 习俗, 惯例 [例] social conventions 社会习俗

[派生] conventional adj.惯例的,常规的,习俗的, 传统的 verdict n. [律](陪审团的)裁决, 判决, 判断, 定论, 结论 [例] The verdict was that the prisoner was guilty.

[同义] decision, decree, determination, finding, judgment, pronouncement [派生] verdictive n. <罕>裁定用词, 审判用语

Unit 9

真题文章(02年完形) 考研核心词汇

diffusion n. 扩散, 传播, 漫射

[例] diffusion of light 光线的漫射

[派生] diffuse v. 散播, 传播, 漫射, 扩散, (使)慢慢混合 adj. 散开的, 弥漫的 diffusive adj. 散布性的, 扩及的, 普及的 dominant adj. 有统治权的, 占优势的, 支配的

adj. [生物] 显性的

[例] The right hand is dominant in most people.

[反义] recessive adj. 退行的, 逆行的, [遗]隐性的 n. 隐性性状 [派生] dominance n. 优势, 统治

dominate v. 支配, 占优势

pamphlet n. 小册子

[例] a single-article pamphlet 单行本 [同义] booklet ,brochure, folder ,leaflet [派生] pamphleteer n. 小册子作者 vi. 写小册子 periodical adj. 周期的, 定期的 n. 期刊, 杂志 [例] a weekly [monthly] periodical 周[月]刊 [同义] gazette , journal , magazine

[派生] periodically adv. 周期性地, 定时性地 motion n. 运动, 动作 v. 运动 [例] She motioned to the waiter.

[同义] activity, doings, legislation,proposal, movement ,proposition [反义] inaction n.无行动,不活动,无为,怠惰,迟钝 [派生] motionless adj. 不动的, 静止的

[固定搭配] go through the motions做…姿态机械地做某事,显示出缺乏兴趣或投入; recognize vt. 认可, 承认, 公认, 赏识 vi. 具结

[例] I don't recognize this word -- what does it mean? 我不认识这个单词,它的意思是什么?

[同义] accept, acknowledge, admit, allow, appreciate, behold, know, realize [派生] recognizable adj. 可认识的, 可辨认的, 可公认的, 可认知的 institutional adj. 制度上的

[例] institutional religion 组成机构的宗教 [派生] institution n. 公共机构, 协会, 制度 leisure n. 空闲, 闲暇, 悠闲, 安逸

[例] What do you do in your leisure time? [同义] freedom , business

[派生] leisureful adj. (=leisurely)不匆忙的, 从容不迫的

implication n. 牵连, 含意, 暗示

[例] \[派生] implicative adj. 含蓄的, 连带的

implicate vt. 使牵连其中, 含意, 暗示 n. 包含的东西

generalization n. 一般化,普遍化,概括,广义性 [例] make a hasty generalization 匆忙下结论 [派生] generalize vt. 归纳,概括,推广,普及

Unit 10

真题文章(03年完形)考研核心词汇 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 10

intellectual adj.智力的,有智力的,显示智力的 n. 知识

分子

[例] intellectual work 脑力工作 [反义] ignorant adj. 无知的

[派生] intellectuality n. 智力, 知性

accommodate vt. 供应, 供给, 使适应, 调节, 和解, 向...提供, 容纳, 调和 vi. 适应

[例] One flat can accommodate a family of five. [同义] conform, oblige , supply

[派生] accommodation n. 住处,膳宿,(车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位, (眼睛等的)适应性调节, (社会集团间的)迁就融teens n. 十多岁

[例] She's not yet out of her teens. commitment n. 委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务

[例] I've taken on too many commitments. [派生commit

vt.犯(错误),干(坏事),把...交托给,提交, 答应负责

Unit 11

真题文章(04年完形)考研核心词汇

juvenile adj.青少年的,幼稚的 n. 青少年, 少年读物 合

[固定搭配] accommodate oneself to 使自己适应于;accommodate (sb.) with 向(某人)供应; adjust vt. 调整, 调节, 校准, 使适合

[例] He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country.

[同义] adapt ,alter, arrange, change , modify , vary [反义] derange vt. 使错乱,扰乱,使精神错乱, 使发狂 [派生] adjustability n. 适应性

[固定搭配] adjust to... 使自己适应于;

adjust oneself to... 使自己适应于;

confidence n. 信心

[例] She has a lot of confidences. [反义] distrust n. 不信任 vt. 不信任 [派生] confident adj. 自信的, 确信的

[固定搭配] gain sb.'s confidence 取得某人的信任; give one's confidence to sb.信任某人; place confidence in sb. 信任某人; in confidence 秘密地;

in the confidence of 为...的知己; 参与...的秘密; admire v. 赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕 [例] Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor.人人都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感。 [同义] appreciate, honor [反义] despise vt. 轻视

[派生] admiration n. 钦佩, 赞美, 羡慕 review vt. 回顾, 复习 n. 回顾, 复习, 评论 [例] a careful review of political events

[同义] consider, criticize, examine, inspect, learn, look at, observe, recall

[派生] reviewer n. 批评家, 评论家 artwork n. 艺术品, 美术品

[例] exhibition of children's artwork multiple adj. 多样的, 多重的 n. 倍数, 若干 v. 成倍增加

[例] a man of multiple interests 兴趣广泛的人 [同义] manifold, many

leadership n. 领导能力, 领导阶层 [例] The business prospered under the leadership of the new president.在新任总裁的领导下生意兴旺

[例] The problem of juvenile delinquency presented

for the attention from the whole society. [同义] young , youthful

[反义] adult n. 成人, 成年人 adj. 成人的, 成熟的 [派生] juvenility n. 年轻, 不成熟 delinquency n. 行为不良, 错失

[例] delinquency problems 青少年犯罪的问题

[派生] delinquent adj. 失职的, 有过失的, 违法的, 拖务的 n. 失职者, 违法者

[固定搭配] juvenile delinquency 少年犯罪; penalize v. 处罚

[例] Their team was penalized for intentionally wtime. 他们的球队因故意拖延时间而受罚。 [同义] castigate , chastise , discipline, punish [反义] reward n. 报酬, 奖金 vt. 酬劳, 奖赏

[派生] penalty n. 处罚, 罚款考研英语核心词汇速成

11

misdeed n. 罪行, 犯罪

[例] A misdeed means a wrong or illegal deed . misdeed的意思是错误的或非法的行为。 interaction n. 交互作用, 交感

[例] interaction of electrons 【物】电子的相互作用 [派生] interact vi. 互相作用, 互相影响

latter adj. 后面的, (两者中)后者的, 较后的, 近来的 [例] Of the two the latter is far better than the former. supervision n. 监督, 管理

[例] The house was built under the careful supervisionarchitect.

[派生] supervise v. 监督, 管理, 指导

offensive adj. 讨厌的,无礼的,攻击性的n.进攻, 攻势 [例] offensive formation 进攻队形

[同义] insulting , annoying ,disgusting , disagreeable [反义] inoffensive adj.无害的, 不伤人的, 不触犯人的[同义] later

[反义] former adj. 从前的母, 以前的(般)厌的

n. 形成者, 创造者, 模型, 样板

parental adj. 父母亲的, 做双亲的 [例] parental care 父的照料

[派生] parent n. 双亲, 父亲(或母亲)

tentative adj. 试验性的, 试探的, 尝试的, 暂定的n. 试验,

假设

[例] a tentative suggestion 试探性建议 [同义] experimental, trial

[反义] definite adj. 明确的, 一定的

[派生] tentatively adv. 试验性地, 暂时地 unemployment n. 失业, 失业人数 [例] unemployment pay 失业补贴

[反义] employment n.雇用, 使用, 利用, 工作, 职业 [派生] unemployed adj. 失业的, 未被利用的 discontent n. 不满

[例] Sometimes discontent turned into action.

[反义] content n. 内容, 容量, 目录, 满足adj. 满足的, 满意的, 愿意vt. 使满足

[派生] discontented adj. 不满意的 underrate vt. 低估, 看轻

[例] We underrated his powers as a speaker . [同义] belittle, minimize , underestimate [反义] overrate vt. 对估价过高

upright adj. 垂直的,竖式的,正直的诚实的, 合乎正道的

adv. 笔直, 竖立着 n. 垂直, 竖

[例] an upright man 正直的人

[同义] erect, honorable, law-abiding, moral, reputable, respectable, standing [反义] dishonest adj. 不诚实的

[派生] uprightly adv. 笔直地, 正直地 perceive vt. 察觉v. 感知, 感到, 认识到

[例] I perceived that I could not make her change her mind. 我发觉我不能使她改变她的主意。 [同义] detect ,distinguish, experience,

feel ,make out ,observe, recognize, sense 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 12

offense n. 进攻

abuse n . 滥用, 虐待, 辱骂, 陋习, 弊端

v. 滥用, 虐待, 辱骂

[例] A stream of abuse came from his lips. [同义] damage, ill-use, injure , mistreat

[反义] respect n. 尊敬, 敬重, 注意, 考虑, 尊重, 关关, 敬意 vt. 尊敬, 尊重, 不防碍 [派生] abusive adj. 辱骂的, 滥用的

neglect vt. 忽视, 疏忽,漏做 n.忽视, 疏忽, 漏做 [例] Don't neglect to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。 [同义] disregard,ignore, omit , overlook, pass over, s[反义] endeavor n. 努力, 尽力 vi. 尽力, 努力 [派生] neglected adj. 被忽视的

neglectable adj. 可忽视的

Unit 12

真题文章(05年完形)考研核心词汇

[派生] perceivable adj. 可知觉的

surface n.表面,外表, 水面 adj. 表面的, 肤浅的 [例] The truth began to surface. 真相开始露出来。

[同义] exterior, face , outside

[反义] interior adj. 内部的, 内的 n. 内部 detect vt. 察觉, 发觉, 侦查, 探测 v. 发现 [例] The dentist could detect no sign of decay in her teeth. 牙医在她的牙齿上找不到蛀蚀的迹象。

[同义] catch ,discover ,perceive ,recognize [反义] conceal vt. 隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐瞒 v. 隐蔽 [派生] detection n. 察觉,发觉,侦查,探测,发现

Unit 13

真题文章(1994年翻译)考研核心词汇

horizon n. 1地平(线)2(知识,思想等的)范围,视野 n. 地平线

[例] Science gives us a new horizon.

[派生] horizontal adj. 地平线的, 水平的

[固定搭配] on the horizon 在地平线上; 刚刚冒出

地平线; 即将出现的(事件)在遥远的将来

insight n. 洞察力, 见识

[例] a man of insight 有洞察力的人

[同义] intuition, perception, wisdom

[派生] insightful adj.富有洞察力的,有深刻见解

[固定搭配] gain an insight into

了解,熟悉;看透;识破 instrument n. 工具, 手段, 器械, 器具

[例] an instrument for writing 书写工具

[同义] means ,tool, apparatus, appliance, device, implement

[派生] instrumental adj. 仪器的, 器械的, 乐器

innumerable adj. 无数的, 数不清的

[例] an innumerable throng of people 人山人海 [同义] many ,countless, infinite, unlimited [派生] innumerably adv. 数不清地, 无数地 fundamental adj. 基础的, 基本的

n. 基本原则, 基本原理

[例] Fresh air is fundamental to good health. [同义] basic, elementary ,essential ,primary [反义] secondary adj.次要的,二级的,中级的,第二的

[派生] fundament n. 基础, 基本原理, 臀部 hail n. 1冰雹2致敬, 招呼3一阵

vt. 1向...欢呼, 致敬, 招呼2使象下雹样落下;猛发 vi. 1招呼2下雹 int. 万岁, 欢迎

[例] The crowd hailed stones upon the thief.

[同义] cheer, greet ,shout, sleet, welcome [派生] haily dj. 冰雹的, 冰雹状的,夹有冰雹的 centerpiece n. 中心装饰品, (餐桌中央的摆饰) [例] tailpipe centerpiece 尾管中心件 astronomer n. 天文学家 [例]An astronomer is the one that specializes in astronomy. 天文学家是专门从事天文学研究的人。 [派生] astronomy n. 天文学 glory n. 荣誉, 光荣

[例] Win glory for our motherland! 为祖国争光! [同义] fame, honor, prestige

[反义] disgrace n. 耻辱, 失宠, 丢脸的人(或事) v. 玷污 [派生] glorify v. 使更壮丽, 赞扬 telescope n. 望远镜 v. 压缩 [例] When the trains crashed into each other, the cars were telescoped.

[派生] telescopic adj. 远视的;伸缩的 revolve v. 1(使)旋转, 循环出现2考虑 [例] He revolved the main points in his mind. [同义] circle ,go around ,turn [派生] revolving v. 旋转 adj. 旋转的 dispute v. 1争论, 辩论;怀疑2抗拒, 阻止, 争夺(土地,胜利等) n. 争论, 辩论, 争吵 [例] The lawyer disputed the truth of the witness's statement. 律师对证人的话的真实性提出了怀疑。 [同义] argue , contest, debate, fight , oppose , quarrel

[反义] agree vi. 1同意, 赞成...的意见, 与...一致, 承认2适合vt. 同意 [派生] disputer n. 争论者

[固定搭配] in dispute with 与…争论; 与…有争议;under dispute 在争论中;在辩论中 (= in dispute); 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 13 expense n. 1费用, 代价, 开支2损失

[例] What are the expenses of moving house? [同义] cost, payment

[固定搭配] spare no expense 不惜代价; at sb.'s expense 由某人付钱

Unit 14

真题文章(1995年翻译)考研核心词汇

psychological adj. 心理(上)的

[例] Is there any possible psychological explanation for his bad health? [派生] psychologically adv. 心理上地, 心理学地 psychology n. 心理学, 心理状态 classify vt. 分类, 分等

[例] classify books by subjects 按学科将图书分类 [同义] group, sort, categorize, organize [派生] classified v. 分类 adj. 机密的 military adj. 军事的, 军用的 [例] According to the Constitution of the country all the young men do a year's military service.

[同义] armed forces, army , service, civil , naval

[反义] civil adj. 全民的, 市民的, 公民的, 国民的, 民间的.民事的, 根据民法的, 文职的, 有礼貌的

[派生] militarize v. 军事化 personnel n. 人员, 职员

[例] personnel agency 职业介绍所 divert v. 1转移, 转向2使高兴

[例] A ditch diverted water from the stream into the fields. 一条沟渠把水从河里引向田间。

[同义] amuse, delight , entertain ,tickle;detract, distract [派生] diversion n. 转移, 转换, 牵制, 解闷, 娱乐 precision n. 精确, 精密度, 精度

[例] precision in calculation 计算的精确度 [同义] accuracy, correctness ,exactness [反义] inaccuracy n. 错误

[派生] precise adj. 精确的, 准确的 n. 精确 validate vt. 1[律]使有效,使生效2确认,证实,验证 [例] Time validated our suspicion. [反义] invalidate vt. 使无效

[派生] validity n. 有效性, 合法性, 正确性 error n. 错误, 过失, 误差

[例] The accident was caused by human error. [同义] fault , wrong , mistake

[派生] erroneous adj. 错误的, 不正确的 qualitative adj. 性质上的, 定性的 [例] a qualitative analysis 定性分析 [派生] qualitatively adv. 质量上 comparable adj. 可比较的, 比得上的

[例] A comparable car would cost far more in Europe. [同义] similar, equivalent

[反义] incomparable adj. 无与伦比的, 不能比较的 [派生] compare v. 比较, 相比, 比喻 n. 比较

underprivileged adj. 被剥夺基本权力的,穷困的,下层社会的 [例] an underprivileged man 一个穷困潦倒的人 circumstance n. 环境, 详情, 境况

[例] The circumstances forced me to accept. [同义] condition, situation ,state [派生] circumstantial adj. 依照情况的

Unit 15

真题文章(1996年翻译)考研核心词汇

preconception n. 1预想2偏见

theory n. 1理论, 学说, 原理2意见3推测

[例] There were several theories about the way in which the fire started. [同义] attitude, conception, explanation, hypothesis, idea;inference [反义] practice n.1 实行, 实际2惯例, 习惯 3练习, 实习4开业

[派生] theoretical adj. 理论的

establishment n. 1确立,制定,设施2公司、军事组织

[例] These two hotels are both excellent establishments. 这两家旅馆都是出色的商业机构。

[同义] creation, foundation ,business, company 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 14

[派生] establish vt. 建立, 设立, 安置, 使定居, 使人[例] Many residents are opposed to the plan of 民接受, 确定 v. 建立 building the motorway. detail n. 细节, 详情 vt. 详述, 细说 [同义] conflict with ,contradict ,counteract, [例] Give me all the details of the accident — tell dispute, fight ,hinder, refute me what happened in detail. [反义] agree vi. 同意, 赞成...的意见, 与...一致,[同义] assign ,commission, delegate ,division, dwell 认, 适合 vt. 同意 on, elaborate, fraction [派生] opposed adj. 反对的, 敌对的 [派生] detailed adj. 详细的, 逐条的 [固定搭配] oppose M to N 把M与N相对照[固定搭配] in detail 精细地,明细地注意细节地;彻底相比; oppose oneself to 反对 地,吹毛求疵地; elegant adj. 文雅的, 端庄的, 雅致的, resource n. 1资源, 财力2办法, 智谋 <口>上品的, 第一流的 [例] Religion is her only resource. [例] an elegant woman 高雅的女人 [同义] ability, device , ingenuity [同义] cultured, fine ,polished ,refined, super[派生] resourceful adj. 资源丰富的, 足智多谋的 [反义] inelegant adj. 不雅的 utility n. 效用, 有用 [派生] elegance n. 高雅, 典雅, 优雅, 雅致 [例] utility furniture 实用家具 [同义] usefulness , benefit Unit 16 [派生] utilize vt. 利用 真题文章(1997年翻译)考研核心词汇 straightforward adj. 1正直的, 坦率的2简单的, 易懂的, 直接了当的 adv. 坦率地 philosopher n. 哲学家, 哲人

[例] We took a straightforward route to the beach. [例] a moral philosopher 伦理学家 [派生] straightforwards adv. 笔直地, 率直地 [派生] philosophic adj. 哲学的, 贤明的 oppose vt.反对, 使对立, 使对抗, 抗争 vi. 反对 argue vi. 争论, 辩论 vt. 说服

[例] He argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday. 他和玛丽争论度假的最好地方。

[同义] bicker, object;persuade , reason

[派生] argument n. 争论, 辩论, 论据, 论点, ~ (for, against), 意见 exist vi. 存在, 生存, 生活, 继续存在

[例] The Roman Empire existed for several centuries. [同义] be ,live, occur , prevail , stand

[派生] existence n.存在,实在,生活,存在物, 实在物 absurd adj. 荒谬的, 可笑的

[例] Their request is absurd. 他们的要求是荒谬的。 [同义] foolish, impossible, ludicrous, ridiculous

[反义] rational adj. 理性的, 合理的, 推理的 n. [数]有理数 [派生] absurdity n. 荒谬, 谬论 fruitless adj. 不结果实的

[例] The search proved fruitless. 搜寻没有结果。

[反义] fruitful adj. 果实结得多的, 多产的, 富有成效的

[派生] fruitlessly adv. 徒劳地, 无益地

displacement n. 1移置, 转移2取代, 置换, 位移3 排水量 [例] excessive displacement 过大位移

[派生] displace vt.移置,转移,取代,置换 v. 转移 chop n. 1砍2排骨3官印;商标 vt. 剁碎, 砍, (风浪)突

[例] The old man chopped the block of wood in two with a single blow.这老头一斧头把木块劈成两半。

[同义] cleave , cut , sever

[派生] chopping adj. 波浪汹涌的, 硕大强健的

ethical adj. 1与伦理有关2民族的, 民族特有的 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 15

[例] I oughtn't to do that, it's not ethical. [派生] ethic n. 道德规范, 伦理 instinct n. 本能

[例] Birds learn to fly by instinct.

[派生] instinctual adj. 本能的 instinctive adj. 本能的

Unit 17

真题文章(1998年翻译)考研核心词汇

cosmic adj. 宇宙的

[例] cosmic speed 宇宙速度(物体摆脱地球引力所需之速度) [反义] chaotic adj. 混乱的, 无秩序的

[派生] cosmical adj. (=cosmic)宇宙的,广大无边的

pattern n. 1模范, 模式2样品, 格调, 图案vt. 1 模仿, 仿造2以图案装饰 vi. 形成图案 [例] You can make a dress from this paper pattern.

[同义] arrangement, design ,example, illustration, model ,paragon, picture primeval adj. 原始的

[例] primeval forests 原始森林 reign vi. 统治, 支配, 盛行, 占优势

n. 统治, 统治时期, 支配

[例] The Queen reigns but does not rule. [同义] prevail, rule

[派生] reigning adj. 统治的,在位的, 本届的, 起支配作用的 [固定搭配] under[in] the reign of ...在...的统治下 burst v. 1爆裂, 炸破2急于;爆发

n. 1突然破裂, 爆发2脉冲

[例] I am bursting with joy. 我高兴得不得了。 [同义] broken , exploded

knot n. (绳等的)结, (树的)节, 节(船速,=哩/小时) v. 打结 [例] Will you knot the rope round the post? [反义] unknot vt. 解开...结子

[派生] knotted adj. 有节的, 多节的, 棘手的 emit vt. 1发出, 放射2吐露, 散发3发表, 发行

[例] The tail exhaust pipe of the motor vehicle emitted poisonous smoke. [同义] discharge, ooze;send out, give off

[派生] emission n. (光、热等的)散发, 发射, 喷射 condense v. (使)浓缩, 精简

[例] A long story may be condensed into a few sentences. 一个长篇故事可缩写成几句话。

[同义] compress ,concentrate ,reduce, squeeze [反义] expand vt.1使膨胀,扩张2详述vi.张开,发展 [派生] condensable adj. 可压缩(凝缩)的

galaxy n. 1星系, 银河2一群显赫的人, 一系列光彩夺目的东西 [例] a galaxy of entertainers 一群演员 cluster n. 串, 丛 vi. 丛生, 成群

[例] The boys and girls clustered together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs. 孩子们成群地围着营火堆讲着故事唱着歌。 [同义] batch, bunch, group

[反义] disperse v. (使)分散, (使)散开, 疏散

detector n. 1发现者,侦察器,探测器,检波器,检电器 [例] electron detector 电子探测器

[派生] detect vt. 察觉,发觉,侦查,探测 v. 发现 plausible adj. 似是而非的, 似乎合理的;

善言能辩的;能说会道的

[例]It is a plausible story 好象是真实的故事

[同义] believable , logical, reasonable , sensible [反义] genuine adj. 真实的, 真正的, 诚恳的 [派生] plausibility n. 似乎有理, 善辩

Unit 18

真题文章(1999年翻译)考研核心词汇

attempt n. 1努力, 尝试2企图 vt. 1尝试2企图

[例] She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 16

[同义] endeavor ,make an effort, try

partial adj. 1部分的, 局部的2偏袒的, 偏爱的 n. 泛音 [例] The research project was only a partial success. [同义] fractional, fragmentary, limited, partly [反义] total n. 总数, 合计

adj. 总的, 全部的, 整个的 v. 合计, 总数达, 达到 [派生] partially adv. 部分地

partisan n. 1游击队2党人;党徒;帮伙 [例] partisan politics 党的派性政治

affinity n. 1密切关系, 吸引力2姻亲关系;亲合力 [例] She feels a strong affinity for him. good ,interest , prosperity

[反义] misery n. 痛苦, 苦恼, 悲惨, 不幸, 穷困 [派生] welfarism n. 社会福利国家主义, 社会福利制福利费

centralize vt. 1集聚, 集中2施行中央集权 vi. 集中

中央

[例] centralize the administration of the gold mi[派生] centralized adj. 集中的, 中央集权的 furthermore adv. 此外, 而且

[例] \[派生] affinal adj. 同源的, 姻亲的 n. 姻亲 methodology n. 方法学, 方法论

[例] the methodology of genetic studies [派生] method n. 方法

augment v. 增加, 增大 n. 增加

[例] augment one's income by hard working

[同义] broaden, enlarge ,expand ,extend, increase, magnify , raise [反义] abate vt. 使(数量、程度等)减少, 减轻, 除去, 缓和, 打折扣 vi. (数量、程度等)减少, 减轻, 失效, 缓和, (法令等)被废除

[派生] augmentation n. 增加

peculiar adj. 奇特的, 罕见的, 特殊的 n. 特有财产;特权

[例] Language is peculiar to mankind. 语言是人类特有的。

[同义] bizarre, characteristic,

curious ,distinctive ,eccentric, odd, queer

[反义] common adj. 1共同的, 公共的, 公有的, 普通的2庸俗的, 伪劣的 n. [复][总]平民, 公有, 普通, 共通 [派生] peculiarity n. 特性;怪癖 victim n. 受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品

[例] She was the victim of a road accident. [同义] dupe , loser, prey , sufferer , underdog [派生] victimize v. 牺牲

[固定搭配] become the victim of (=fall a victim to) 成为...的牺牲品

fallacy n. 谬误, 谬论

[例] The fallacy has been exposed in its naked absurdity.这谬论的荒诞性已被充分揭露。 equate vt. 使相等, [数]视为平等 vi. 等同

[例] You can't equate his poems with his plays. [派生] equation n. 相等,平衡,方程式, 等式

Unit 19

真题文章(2000年翻译)考研核心词汇

welfare n. 福利, 安宁, 幸福, 福利事业 adj.福利的 [例] public welfare funds 公共福利基金

[同义] advantage , behalf , benefit , comfort,

too far from the office.\

[同义] again, also, besides ,by the same token,addition, likewise ,similarly compel vt. 强迫, 迫使

[例] The rain compelled us to stay indoors. [同义] force, make ,require

[反义] free adj. 1自由的2大方的, 免费的, 免税的丰富的4空闲的vt. 释放, 使自由 adv. 自由地, 免费[派生] compelling adj. 强制的,强迫的,引人注目的

[固定搭配] compel sb. to do sth. 强迫人做某事;be compelled to (do) 不得不(

wastage n. 1消耗量, 损耗2废物 考研英语核心词汇速胜经 17

[例] factory wastage 工厂废物 [派生] waste

n. 1废物2浪费;损耗, 消耗 3荒地 adj. 废弃的, 荒芜的, 多余的

vi. 1轻叩, 轻拍2轻声走 n. <美>(用复数)熄灯号 vt.浪费, 消耗, 使荒芜

vi. 1被浪费, 挥霍钱财2变消瘦;被损耗 tap n. 1轻打2活栓;水龙头

vt. 1轻打, 轻敲, 敲打出2开发, 分接3使流出4选择[例] Her words offended me. 她的话伤了我的感情。 [例] She tapped him on the shoulder. [同义] faucet ,pat, rap ,spigot hitherto adv. 迄今, 至今

[例] The weather, which had hitherto been sunny and mild, suddenly turned cold.

[同义] till now , up to now , so far [反义] henceforth adv. 自此以后, 今后 intervention n. 干涉

[例] armed intervention 武装干涉

[同义] infringement ,interference, intrusion

[派生]

interventionist n.干涉主义者adj.干涉主义的

innovation n. 改革, 创新

[例] The innovation of air travel during this century has made the world seem smaller. [派生] innovative adj. 创新的, 革新(主义)的 innovate vi. 改革, 创新

industrialize vt. 使工业化 vi. 工业化 [派生] industrialized adj. 工业化的 nowadays adv. 现今, 现在

[例] Nowadays people travel by plane. [同义] now , today

[派生] nowadays adj. 现在的, 当前的

Unit 20

真题文章(2001年翻译) 考研核心词汇

link n. 1链环, 连结物2链接

vt. 1连结2联合3挽 vi. 连接起来

[例] A lot of links fitted together form a chain. [同义] bridge ,combine, connect, couple ,join ,put together, unite

[派生] linked adj. 连接的, 显示连环遗传的 sensory adj. 感觉的, 感官的

[例] sensory nervous system 感觉神经系(统) vacation n. 1假期, 休假2(房屋等的)腾出

v. <美>度假, 休假

[例] She has gone to Canada on vacation. [同义] holiday , rest, leave, liberty ,recess ,sabbatical

[派生] vacationist n. 度假者, 休假者 [固定搭配] on vacation 在度假;

vacation at [in] 在...度假

offend v. 1犯罪, 冒犯, 违反2得罪, 使...不愉快

[同义] disgust, displease, horrify, hurt, insult ,pain

[反义] defend vt. 防护, 辩护, 防卫, [律]作...的辩护律师

[派生] offender n. 罪犯, 冒犯者

chip n.1碎片2筹码 v. 1削成碎片,碎裂 2芯片 [例] The bowl has a chipped edge. 碗边上有个缺口。

[同义] bit ,break, crack ,crumb, piece schedule n. 时间表, 进度表 v. 确定时间

[例] The task will be finished ahead of schedule if nothing prevents.

[同义] enumerate, index, line up, list, post , program , slate

[派生] scheduled adj. 预定的

piece n . 1 块, 件, 片, 篇, 张, 条2硬币 vt. 接合, 修补, 凑合

[例] piece together the facts 拼凑事实

[同义] bit ,division, part, portion ,section, segment, share

[派生] pieceable adj. 可接合的, 可修补的 unique adj. 唯一的, 独特的

[例] That building is unique because all the others like it were destroyed. 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 18

[同义] sole , rare , matchless

[反义] common adj. 1共同的, 公共的, 公有的, 普通的synthetic adj. 1合成的2人造的

2庸俗的, 伪劣的 n. [复][总]平民, 公有, 普通, 共通 [例] This synthetic dress material does not crush[派生] uniquely adv. 独特地,唯一地,珍奇地 [同义] artificial ,counterfeit, imitation, man-madsimulate vt. 模拟, 模仿, 假装, 冒充 mock, analytic [例] simulate death 装死 [反义] analytical adj. 分析的, 解析的 [同义] pretend ,reproduce [派生] synthetical adj. 综合的, 合成的 [派生] simulation n. 仿真, 假装, 模拟 synthetize v. 综合, 合成 cloning n. 无性(繁殖)系化, 纯系化 appliance n. 用具, 器具 [例] molecular cloning 分子扩增, 分子克隆法 [例] kitchen appliance 厨房用具 [派生] clone n. 无性系, 无性繁殖, 克隆 [同义] tool , device, implement ,instrument

v. 无性繁殖, 复制

surveillance n. 监视, 看守, 监督, 管制 Unit 21 [例] under surveillance 在管制[监视]下 真题文章(2002年翻译)考研核心词汇 [派生] surveillant n. 监视者, 监督者 adj. 监视的, 监督的 involve vt. 1包括, 笼罩2潜心于, 使陷于 surveille vt. 使受监视(或监督), 对…实施监视(或监督)

[例] Don't involve other people in your trouble.

别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。

[同义] absorb ,affect, complicate ,concern, confound ,encompass [派生] involved adj. 棘手的, 有关的

involvement n. 连累, 包含

trace n. 1 痕迹, 踪迹2微量3 缰绳

vt. 1描绘, 映描, 画轮廓2追踪, 回溯, 探索 vi. 上溯, 沿路走

[例] They traced the cra house in the city. 他们追踪罪犯到了城里的一座房子里。 [同义] copy, draw, duplicate, track, reproduce sketch,follow [派生] traceable adj. 可追踪的, 起源于 trait n. 显著的特点, 特性 [例] national traits 民族性

[同义] characteristic, earmark, feature, idiosyncrasy, pattern discard vt. 丢弃, 抛弃 v. 放弃

[例] discard the dross and select the essential 去粗取精

[同义] cast off, dispose of, get rid of, reject, scrap, throw away

obscure adj. 暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的, 晦涩的 vt. 使暗, 使不明显

[例] His success obscured his failures.

[同义] dark, dim ,faint, fuzzy, hazy ,indefinite, indistinct ,shadowy, unclear [反义] clear adj. 清楚的, 清晰的, 清澈的, 光亮的, 空旷的, 有条理的 adv. 清楚地, 完全地v.扫除, 清除, 晴, 跳过, 净得 [派生] obscurity n. 阴暗, 朦胧, 偏僻, 含糊, 晦涩,

analyze vt. 分析, 分解

[例] The scientist analyzed the milk and found it contained too much water. [反义] synthesize v. 综合, 合成 [派生] analysis n. 分析, 分解

evolution n. 1进展, 发展2演变, 进化 [例] the evolution of the modern car

[反义] devolution n. 1滚下, 落下2依次3相传, 转移, 委付 [派生] evolutionary adj. 进化的

organism n. 生物体; 有机体社会组织; 机关, 细小的动植物 , [pl. ]微生物群落[区系]

[例] the social organism 社会 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 19

[派生] organic adj.1器官的,有机的,组织的2建制的 entrench vt. 1用壕沟防护, 在...围以壕沟使盘踞2固守, 牢固树立; 使处于有力地位 3挖壕, 掘

[例] The troops were entrenched near the mountains. [派生] entrenchment n. 堑壕

entrenched adj. 确立的,不容易改的(风俗习惯)

autonomous adj. 自治的

[例] an autonomous republic 自治共和国 [派生] autonomy n. 自治

Unit 22

真题文章(2003年翻译)考研核心词汇

insatiable adj. 不知足的, 贪求无厌的 [例] an insatiable desire for knowledge [同义] covetous, greedy, unquenchable [反义] satiable adj. 可满足的

[派生] insatiate adj. 不知足的,欲壑难填的 harmonious adj.1和谐的,协调的,和睦的2悦耳的 [例] a harmonious family 和睦的家庭

[同义] blending, compatible ,congenial , musical intune ,

[派生] harmony n. 协调, 融洽 derive vt. 得自 vi. 起源

[例] Many English words are derived from Latin. [同义] acquire ,gain, get, obtain ,receive, secure

[派生] derivation n. 引出, 来历, 出处, (语言)语源, 词源 encompass v. 包围, 环绕, 包含或包括某事物

[例] The course will encompass physics, chemistry and biology. 课程将包括物理、化学和生物学。

[同义] encircle ,enclose, include, surround anthropology n. 人类学

[例] social anthropology 社会人类学 [派生] anthropologic adj. 人类学的 humanity n. 人性, 人类, 博爱, 仁慈 [例] a great contribution to humanity

[派生] humanize vt. 赋予人性, 使通人情, 教化 vi. 变为有人性, 变为有情, 有教化

orient n. 东方, 东方诸国(指地中海以东各国) adj. 1东方的2上升的3灿烂的 vi. 1适应形势2向东 vt. 1使朝东2使适应3确定方向

[例] We must orient our products to the needs of the market. 我们必须使我们的产品适应市场的需要。

[派生] oriental n. 东方人(尤指中国人和日本人) adj. 1东方诸国的, 亚洲的, 东方的2(珍珠等)最优质的

oriented adj. 导向的

immense adj. 极广大的, 无边的, <口>非常好的 [例] The performance was immense. 演出好极了。

[同义] enormous ,giant ,gigantic, great ,huge, large ,mammoth [反义] finite adj. 有限的, [数]有穷的, 限定的 [派生] immensity n. 广大, 巨大, 无限, 浩瀚

Unit 23

真题文章(2004年翻译)考研核心词汇

root n. 根, 根部, 根本, 根源

v. 1(使)生根, (使)扎根, 使立定不动2坚定不移, 确立 [例] Are you going to root here forever? [同义] cause, derivation, origin, source

[反义] branch n. 枝, 分枝, 分部, 分店, (学科)分科, 部门, 支流, 支脉 v. 出现分歧 [派生] rooted adj. 根深蒂固的 v. 确立 diverse adj. 不同的, 变化多的 [例] diverse interests 不同的兴趣

[同义] different, distinct, several, unlike ,various

[反义] same adj. 同一的, 相同的, 无变化的, 上述的, 所谓 pron. 同样的事物adv.同样地

[派生] diversify v. 使多样化;作多样性的投资 diversity n. 差异, 多样性

oblige vt. 迫使, 责成 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 20

[例] She was obliged to go. 她不得不走。 [同义]compel, constrain, force, serve [反义] disoblige v. 失望

[派生] obligation n. 1义务, 职责2债务

[固定搭配] be obliged to sb. 感谢(某人); be obliged to do sth. 不得不(做某事), 必须(做某事); assimilate v. 吸收, 同化, 消化

[例] America has assimilated many outstanding people from all corners of the world.

[同义] absorb , blot up, digest , soak up has not been proved by experiments .

[派生] hypothetic adj. 假设的, 假定的

Unit 24

真题文章(2005年翻译)考研核心词汇

phase n. 1阶段, 状态2相, 相位 v. 定相

[例] pass through three phases 经历三个阶段 [同义] aspect, stage, state

flexible adj. 柔韧性, 易曲的, 灵活的, 柔软的, 能变[反义] disassimilate vt. [生]使异化

[派生] assimilation n. 1同化, 同化作用2消化 bizarre adj. 奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等)

[例] The story has a certain bizarre interest. 这个故事听起来别有风趣。

[同义]strange, fantastic ,odd, eccentric, peculiar [反义] normal n. 正规, 常态, [数学]法线 adj. 正常的, 正规的, 标准的

[派生] bizarrerie n. 奇异, 怪异的东西, 奇怪 exotic adj. 异国情调的, 外来的, 奇异的 [例] an exotic word 外来词

[同义] bright, colorful ,foreign ,gay ,rich ,strange, vivid

[反义] native n. 本地人, 土产, 土人 adj. 1本国的, 出生地的, 本地的2天赋的

[派生] exoticism n. 异国情调, 异国风味, 对外国事物的兴趣

fabricate vt. 1制作, 构成2捏造, 伪造, 虚构 [例] They fabricated evidence and threatened witnesses. 他们伪造证据并威胁目击者。

[同义]fake, invent , devise , formulate, make, assemble, construct

[反义] demolish vt. 毁坏, 破坏, 推翻, 粉碎

[派生] fabrication n. 制作, 构成, 伪造物, 装配工 habitual adj. 习惯的, 惯常的

[例] Ice and snow are a habitual sight in the north. [同义] accustomed ,customary, established ,familiar, general, normal ,regular

[反义] occasional adj. 偶然的, 非经常的, 特殊场合的, 临时的

[派生] habitually adv. 习惯地 determinism n. 决定论

[例] environmental determinism 环境决定论 [派生] determinist n. 决定论者 imprison vt. 监禁, 关押 v. 监禁

[例] He was imprisoned for two years. [同义] confine, jail, lock up [反义] liberate v. 解放, 释放 [派生] imprisonment n. 关押 hypothesis n. 假设 [例] This is only a sort of scientific hypothesis which

可通融的

[例] We can visit your company on Monday or Tuour plans are fairly flexible. [同义]variable, adjustable

[反义] inflexible adj. 不屈的, 不屈挠的, 顽固的 [派生] flexibility n. 弹性, 适应性, 机动性, 挠性 demonstrate vt. 1示范2证明, 论证 vi. 示威

[例] He demonstrated how to use the new machine. [同义] clarify, display, illustrate ,show [派生] demonstration n. 示范, 实证 survive v. 幸免于, 幸存, 生还 [例] Few survived after the flood.

[同义] continue, outlast, outlive, remain

[派生] survival n. 生存,幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物 underline vt. 1在...下面划线2作...的衬里3强调

n. 下划线考研英语核心词汇速成

21

[例] Words with single underline are to be set in italics. [派生] underling n. 部下, 下僚, 下属, 走卒 fabric n. 1织品, 织物, 布2结构, 建筑物, 构造 [例] She bought some fabric to make shirts from. [同义] cloth ,goods, material, textile [派生] fabricable adj. 能加工成形的

entail vt. 1使必需;使蒙受, 使承担2遗传给 n. [建]限定继承权

[例] Writing a history book entails a lot of work. [同义]require, demand ,call for

[派生] entailment n. [律](不动产)继承人之限制

prescription n. 指示, 规定, 命令, 处方, 药方 [例] The doctor wrote me a prescription for medfor my cough.

[派生] prescribe v. 指示,规定,处(方),开(药)

prescriptive adj. 说明性的

overall adj. 全部的, 全面的

[例] an overall survey 全面的观察(调查) recommend vt. 推荐, 介绍, 劝告, 使受欢迎, 托付使...受欢迎, 使...可取

[例] Can you recommend a good dictionary? [同义] advise, advocate, direct ,guide ,instru[固定搭配] entail ... on sb.使某人负担...;把...遗留给某人;entail ... upon sb. 使某人负担...;把...遗留给某人 handle n. 1柄, 把手, 把柄2口实3手感 vt. 1触摸2运用3买卖4处理, 操作 vi. 1搬运2易于操纵 n. [计]句柄

[例] She handled a difficult argument skillfully. 她巧妙地应付了一场艰难的辩论。

[同义] carry on, deal in, direct, feel, finger, govern, manage ,manipulate, regulate

[派生] handler n. 处理者, 管理者, 训练者, (尤指拳击)教练(或助手), (犬马等的)训练者

scale n. 1刻度,衡量2比例,数值范围,比例3天平,等级vt. 依比例决定,攀登,测量 vi.剥落;生水垢;攀登;衡量

[例] This ruler has one scale in centimeters and another in inches. 这把尺子上有厘米和英寸二种刻度。

[同义]degree, graduation, proportion , ratio, layer, plate

Unit 25

真题文章(2005年七选五)考研核心词汇

premier adj. 第一的, 首要的 n. 总理

[例] Premier of the State Council 国务院总理 budget n. 预算 vi. 做预算, 编入预算 [例] a government budget 政府预算 [同义] allowance, ration, schedule

pharmaceutical n. 药物 adj. 制药(学)上的

[例] pharmaceutical chemistry 制药化学,药物化学 [派生] pharmaceutics n. 配药学, 制药学

suggest, urge

[派生] recommendation n.推荐,介绍(信)劝告,建议procedure n. 程序, 手续

[例] The new work procedure is a great improveme/ over the old one.

[同义] course ,custom, manner ,means, measure ,method ,plan

[派生] procedural adj. 程序上的 manufacturer n. 制造业者, 厂商

[例] automobile manufacturer 汽车制造厂

[派生] manufacture vt. 制造, 加工 n. 制造, 制造产品

lobby n. 大厅, 休息室, <美>游说议员者 vi. 游说经常出入休息室 vt. 对(议员)进行疏通 [例] lobby a bill through the senate

[同义] entrance , foyer ,passageway ,vestibule[派生] lobbyist n. 活动议案通过者, 说客 fork n. 叉, 耙, 叉形物, 餐叉

[例] A big fork is used to dig the earth. [同义] branch, offshoot ,silverware

string n. 线, 细绳, 一串, 一行 v. 排成一列 [例] The parcel was tied with string.

[同义] bind, connect ,line up ,thread, tie [反义] unstring v. 把弦解下, 使神经衰弱 [派生] stringed adj. 有弦(乐器)的

[固定搭配] string along 赞成某事,同意; 考研英心词汇速成胜经 22

string up 吊死;

on the string在某人的彻底控制或影响下; selective adj. 选择的, 选择性的 [例] selective controls on goods

对商品的选择性控制

[派生] selectively adv选择地, 选择性地

select vt. 选择, 挑选 adj. 精选的

constrain vt. 强迫, 抑制, 拘束

[例] I felt constrained to do what I was unwilling to do myself. [同义] compel , force , press , urge [反义] liberate v. 解放, 释放

[派生]constrained adj. 不舒服的, 被强迫的, 拘泥的 constraint n. 约束, 强制, 局促

substantial adj.坚固的,实质的,真实的, 充实的 [例] substantial things 实际存在的东西 [同义] actual ,affluent, authentic, firm, prosperous ,real ,rich ,solid ,sound ,stable [派生] substantiality n. 实在性, 实质性, 实体 strengthen v. 加强, 巩固

[例] Our enemy has greatly strengthened during the truce talks. 和谈期间,敌人力量已大为增强。 [反义] weaken v. 削弱, (使)变弱

[派生] strength n.力,力量,力气,实力,兵力, 浓度 jurisdiction n. 权限

[例] It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free. 我无权将你释放。 [派生] jurisdictional adj. 司法的, 司法权的, 审判权的, 管辖权的 [固定搭配]

within sb 's jurisdiction 在某人的权限之内; outside sb 's jurisdiction 在某人的权限之外;

Unit 26

真题文章(1995年text 1)考研核心词汇

distribution n. 1分配,分发;配给物2销售3发行 [例] The distribution of the paper is 7000 . [同义] allocation

[派生] distribute vt. 分发, 分配, 分类, 分区

v. 分发

reasonable adj. 合理的, 有道理的,讲道理的 [例] a reasonable man 通情达理的人 [同义] fair, just, justifiable, logical ,practical, rational, realistic, sane [反义] unreasonable adj. 不讲道理的, 不合理的, 过度的, 不切实际的 thereby adv. 1 因此, 从而2在那方面, 在那附近

[例] He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote. 他成了公民,因此有投票权。

export vt. 输出 n. 1输出, 出口2出口商品 v. 出口 [例] China exports to many other countries regions.

中国向许多其它国家和地区出口货物。 [同义] ship [反义] import

n. 1 进口货(常用复数), 进口, 输入2重要性

vt. 1 输入, 进口2含...的意思;重要 vi. 有关系, 有重要性

enormously adv. 1非常地2巨大地

[例] I'm enormously grateful for your help. ensure vt.保证,担保,使安全 v.确保, 确保, 保证 [例] Our precautions ensured our safety.

[同义] assure ,defend, guarantee, guard, make certain ,protect therefore adv. 因此, 所以

[例] He has broken his leg and therefore he can't walk. 他摔坏了腿,因此不能走路了。

[同义] accordingly , consequently, hence effective adj. 1有效的;被实施的 2给人深刻印象, 有生力量

[例] The law is effective immediately.

[反义] ineffective adj. 无效的, (指人)工作效率低的

[派生] effect n. 1结果, 效果2作用, 影响,(在视听方面给人流下的)印象 vt. 实现, 达到(目的等) 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 23

guarantee n. 1保证, 保证书, 担保2抵押品 vt. 保证, 担保 [例] Lack of interest is a guarantee of failure.

[同义] assure , certify, endorse , pledge , promise, secure , sponsor, swear , warrant [固定搭配] bank guarantee 银行担保; bid guarantee 投标担保, 承包担保;

buyer's credit guarantee 买方信贷担保; cash guarantee 保证金; parliament 国会, 议会

[例] Parliament makes laws. 议会制订法律。 [派生] parliamentary adj. 议会的

promote vt. 1促进, 发扬2提升, 提拔, 晋升为

[例] Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. [反义] degrade v.(使)降级,(使)堕落,(使)退化 [派生] promotion n.1促进,发扬2提升,提拔,晋升 mercifully adv. 仁慈的, 慈悲的

[例] This letter is mercifully brief . [派生] mercy n. 仁慈, 宽恕, 怜悯

merciful adj. 仁慈的, 慈悲的

inferior adj. 1下等的, 下级的, 差的, 次的2自卑的, 劣等的 [例] Captain is an inferior rank to major.

[同义] lesser , lower , secondary, subordinate , worse

[反义] superior n. 长者, 高手, 上级 adj. 较高的, 上级的, 上好的, 出众的, 高傲的 [固定搭配] be inferior to 在....之下; 次于; 不如; be sb.'s inferior in 在....方面不及某人; inferior by comparison 相形见绌;

proof n. 1证据, 试验, 考验2[印刷]校样 adj. 1不能透入的2证明用的, 防...的;有耐力的

vt. 1检验, 校对2使不被穿透

[例] Is what you say a guess or have your proof? [同义] evidence

excessively adv. 过分地, 非常地

[派生] excess n. 过度, 剩于, 无节制, 超过 adj. 过度的, 额外的

distinction n.1区别,差别,级别;特性2声望, 显赫

[例] A distinction should be made between the primary and secondary contradictions. [派生] distinct adj.清楚的,明显的,截然不同的, 独特的 confine vt. 限制, 禁闭 n. 界限, 边界

[例] Please confine your remarks to the issues at hand. 请你把话题局限在手头的问题上

[同义] contain, enclose, imprison, keep in, restrain , surround [反义] liberate v. 解放, 释放

[派生] confined adj.被限制的,狭窄的,分娩的 confinement n.(被)限制,(被)禁闭,产期,分娩 merely adv. 仅仅, 只, 不过

[例] I merely looked at the chocolate; I did not eat it. 我只不过看了看巧克力,我没有吃。

[同义] barely , only , purely , simply [派生] mere adj. 仅仅的, 起码的, 纯粹的 subtly adv. 敏锐地, 精细地, 巧妙地

[例] News media subtly influences the attitudes of our life . 新闻媒体很巧妙地影响着我们的生活态度。

[派生] subtle adj. 狡猾的, 敏感的, 微妙的, 精细的, 稀薄的

personality n. 1个性, 人格;人物, 名人2(用复数)诽谤、人身攻击

[例] Though their personalities differed, they got along as friends.虽然他们性格迥异,但却相处友好

[同义] identity , individuality

Unit 27

一、真题文章(1995年text 2)考研核心词汇

external adj.1外部的,客观的,[医]外用的2外国的 n. 外部, 外面 [同义] exterior , outer, outside, surface [反义] internal adj. 内在的, 国内的

measure n. 1尺寸, 量度器, 量度标准2方法, 测量, 措施 vt. 1测量, 测度, 估量2分派, 权衡, 调节 vi. 量 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 24

[例] 1测量:The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass. 标准的千克是测量质量的量度

2较量She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary.

她拿自己的力量和危险的敌手进行较量 [同义] appraise ,assess ,compare, estimate ,grade, rank ,rate ,size

[固定搭配] measure up (常与to连用)合格;符合(标准)

contrast vt. 使与...对比, 使与...对照 vi. 和...形成对照 n. 对比, 对照, (对照中的)差异

[例] He challenged me to play another tennis 他向我挑战要我跟他再打一场网球。

[同义] confront, dare ,defy ,dispute, question [派生] challenging adj.引起挑战性兴趣的, 挑逗risk vt. 冒...的危险 n. 冒险, 风险

[例] His action risked a sharp reprisal. [同义] chance, endanger ,expose, gamble ,hazard jeopardize ,venture

[反义] safety n. 安全,保险,安全设备,保险装置 [固定搭配]

run[take] the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事;[例] My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before. 我的新学校比以前的好多了。

[同义] compare, liken, match, measure

definition n. 1定义2解说3 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度

[例] Good photographs have definition. 好的照片都很清晰。

[派生] define vt. 定义, 详细说明

definite adj. 明确的, 一定的

specific n. 1特效药2细节 adj. 1详细而精确的, 明确的2特殊的, 特效的, [生物]种的 [例] I want a specific answer.

[同义] definite ,fixed, particular ,precise, special

[反义] general n. 1普通2将军3概要

adj. 1一般的, 普通的2综合的, 概括的, 全面的, 大体的 n. 常规

[派生] specify vt. 1指定2详细说明, 列入清单

specification n.详述,规格,说明书, 规范

signpost n. 路标

[例] We usually put up signposts on the highway for the drivers.

landmark n.1(航海)陆标,地界标,里程碑2划时代的事 [同义] milestone ,point

attitude n. 1姿势, 态度,意见 [例] People's attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely.人们对这些摩天大楼的态度很不相同。

[同义] opinion ,position ,standpoint ,viewpoint encounter v. 遭遇,遇到,相遇 n. 遭遇, 遭遇战 [例] The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.

[同义] battle, collide, come across, confront ,meet, oppose

obstacle n. 障碍, 妨害物

[同义] barrier, block, deterrent ,hindrance ,hitch, impediment obstruction, snag ,stoppage [反义] help n. 帮忙,补救办法,助手,治疗, <美>佣工 vt. 帮助, 助长, 接济, 治疗, 款待 vi. 有用, 救命, 招待

challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向...挑战

take no risks 慎重行事; at risk 在危险中; confront vt. 使面临, 对抗

[例] I wish to confront my accuser in a court[同义] encounter, face , oppose

[派生] confrontation n. 面对, 面对面, 对质 essential adj. 1本质的,实质的,基本的2提炼的, 精华本质, 实质2要素, 要点

[例] What is the essential difference between teconomic systems?

[同义] basic, fundamental, important, necessary ,required , vital

[派生] essence n. 基本, [哲]本质, 香精 perceive vt.察觉 v. 感知, 感到, 认识到

[例] I perceived that I could not make her change h我发觉我不能使她改变她的主意。 考研英语核心词汇

25

[同义] detect, distinguish, experience, feel make out,

observe, recognize sense

[派生] perception n.理解, 感知, 感觉, DPS公司出的数字影像压缩卡

perceptive adj. 有理解的

tend vi .趋向, 往往是 vt.照管, 护理

[例] People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.

[同义] administer, attend , bend , care for, foster, help , incline

[派生] tendency n. 趋向, 倾向 [同义] conquer ,defeat, drive off, fruoverpower, surmount

[反义] submit v.(使)服从, (使)顺从 vt. 提交, 递交

cease v. 停止, 终了

[例] We worked without cease to get the project on time.

[同义] discontinue, end, halt, quit ,stop[反义] begin v. 开始, 首先

[固定搭配] cease out 绝迹; cease to be 不再是cease to be in force 、cease to be in effect

indecisive adj. 非决定性的

[例] There are no indecisive boundaries between the two opinions. 这两种意见界线分明。 [反义] decisive adj. 决定性的 timidity n. 胆怯 [例] His timidity prevented him from asking her to the dance .

[派生] timid adj. 胆小的, 羞怯的 hesitate v. 犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿 [同义] falter, flounder, let up ,pause, rest, waver [反义] dare ,decide ,determine [派生] hesitation n. 犹豫, 踌躇 cope vi. (善于)应付, (善于)处理 [同义] face, put up ,struggle insecurity n. 不安全, 不安全感

[例] The child’s feeling of insecurity was caused by his mother’s early death . [反义] security n. 安全

[派生] secure adj. 安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的 v. 保护

unavoidable adj. 不能避免的, 不能取消的

[例] an unavoidable accident 必然会发生的事故 [同义] certain, inescapable, inevitable , sure [反义] avoidable adj. 可避免的

overcome vt. 战胜, 克服, 胜过 vi. 得胜

[例] We were overcome with joy. 我们喜出望外。

Unit 28

真题文章(1995年text 3)考研核心词汇

complex adj.1复杂的2合成的,综合的 n.联合体 [例] A computer is certaintly a complex machine[同义] complicated ,confused, inclination, inmixed ,

[反义] brief ,plain ,simple formerly adv. 从前, 以前, 原来

[例] \lawyer.\

[派生] former adj. 从前的, 以前的

n. 形成者, 创造者, 模型, 样板

solution n. 1解答, 解决办法2溶解, 溶液

[例] This is the only practicable solution imagin是唯一想得出的切实可行的解决办法。

[同义] answer , explanation ,finding ,outcomresolution, result;mixture [派生] solute n. 溶解物, 溶质 complicated adj. 复杂的, 难解的

[例] The regulations are so complicated that notbe made of them by the layman . [派生] complicate v. (使)变复杂

complication n. 复杂化, (使复杂的)因素 n. [医]并发症 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 26

colleague n. 同事, 同僚

[例] My colleagues are all well-known scholars. [同义] companion ,comrade, friend ,partner,associate, buddy

extend v. 扩充, 延伸, 伸展, 扩大[军] 使疏开, 给予, 整齐匀称的 n. 正式的社交活动 reliable adj. 可靠的,可信赖的

[例] It's not reliable to judge a man only by his单凭容貌来判断一个人是不可靠的。 [同义] dependable, devoted ,faithful, loyal 提供,化出的全文 <英>[律]对(地产等)估价

[例] The headmaster extended our holiday by four days. 校长把我们的假期延长了四天。 [同义] enlarge , expand

[反义] shrink v. 收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短

contract n. 合同, 契约, 婚约 v. 使缩短, 感染, 订约 [派生] extension n.延长,扩充,范围 n. 扩展名

adj. [逻]外延的, 客观现实的

extensive adj. 广大的, 广阔的, 广泛的

resolve n. 决心 v. 1决心, 决定, 决心要2(使)分解, 溶解, 解决 vt. 解决

[例] This mixture resolves into two substances. [同义] decide ,determine, settle [反义] blend vt. 混和 n. 混和

[派生] resolution n.坚定, 决心, 决定, 决议 resolute adj. 坚决的

addition n. 加, 加起来, 增加物, 增加, 加法

[例] Our baby brother is an addition to our family. [反义] subtraction n. 减少

[固定搭配] in addition 加上, 又, 另外; in addition to 加上, 除...外, 又; with the addition of 外加;

mobility n.活动性,灵活性,迁移率, 机动性 [例] the mobility of a liquid 液体的流动性 [派生] mobile adj.可移动的,易变的,机动的

n. 运动物体

stable adj. 稳定的 [例] Markets are flourishing and prices are stable. 市场繁荣, 物价稳定。 [同义] barn ,established ,firm, secure ,settled, sound ,steadfast ,steady

informal adj. 不正式的, 不拘礼节的 [例] informal dress 便服 [同义] colloquial

[反义] formal adj. 外形的, 正式的, 合礼仪的, 形式的,

trustworthy

[反义] unreliable adj. 不可靠的

aspect n.样子,外表,面貌,(问题等的)方面 [例] The building has a southern aspect. [同义] appearance ,look ,view subconscious adj. 下意识的

[例] I found it fascinating to learn that the subconscious mind can control our buying habitcasual adj. 偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的

[例] The casual newspaper reader wouldn't likearticles on serious subjects every day.

[同义] accidental, chance ,informal, naturaunexpected

[反义] planned adj. 计划了的, 根据计划的 quantity n. 量, 数量

[例] Mathematics is the science of pure quanti[同义] amount, measure, multitude, number, posum ,volume

[反义] quality n. 质量, 品质, 性质 [派生] quantify vt. 确定数 v. 量化 storage n. 贮藏(量), 贮藏库, 存储

[例] We have storage in the attic. 我们在顶楼有储

[派生] store vt. 贮藏存储

n. 1商店, 店铺2贮藏,delivery n. 1递送, 交付2分n. [律] 财产等的正式移交 发输

[例] There is no delivery of letters on Sunday[同义] dispatch , transmission

[派生] deliver vt. 递送, 陈述, 释放, 发表(一篇演交付, 引渡, 瞄准, 给予(打击)

data n. datum的复数, [计] 资料, 数据 考研英语核速成胜经 27

[例] I’m afraid you have not sufficient data . file n. 1文件, 档案, 文件夹2锉刀

vt. 1 把...归档, 提出(申请等)2锉, 琢磨 vi. 列队行进, 用锉刀锉

[例] Here's our file on the results of the business in the past five years. [同义] catalog ,categorize, classify, grind, group ,march, parade, telecommunication n. 电讯, 长途通讯, 无线电通讯, 电信学

facilitate vt.(不以人作主语的)使容易, 使便利动, 帮助, 使容易, 促进

[例] It would facilitate matters if you were co-operative

你再合作些,事情就会变得更容易。 [同义] assist ,ease, help ,speed [反义] hinder adj.后面的 v.阻碍, 打扰 [派生] facilitation n. 简易化, 助长

complexity n.复杂(性), 复杂的事物, 复杂性 [例] The complexity of the road map puzzled m[例] Telecommunications is an important area of professional growth. via prep. 经, 通过, 经由

[例] I sent a message to Mary via her brother. bombard vt. 炮轰;轰击

[例] The spokesman was bombarded with questions on the press conference.

新闻发布会上那位发言人遭到了连珠炮般的发问。 [同义] attack ,open fire ,shell ,torpedo multitude n. 1多数2群众

[例] He has a multitude of friend. 他有许多朋友。 instant adj. 立即的, 直接的, 紧迫的, (食品)速溶的, 方便的, n. (某一)时刻 瞬息; 霎时 [口]可速食的食物; 速溶饮料

[例] He paused for an instant. 他停了一会儿。 [同义] immediate ,moment, pressing ,prompt [派生] instantly adv. 立即地, 即刻地

occurrence n. 1发生, 出现2事件, 发生的事情 [例] the occurrence of an accident 意外的发生 [同义] event , happening , incident [派生] occur vi. 发生, 出现

expertise n. 专家的意见, 专门技术

[例] We admired the expertise of the racing driver . 我们很欣赏那赛车手的高超技术。 [同义] knowledge

teleconferencing n. 电信会议

dispute v. 1争论, 辩论, 怀疑2抗拒, 阻止 n. 争论, 辩论, 争吵

[例] Our team disputed the visitors' claim to the championship. 我们队伍与客队争夺锦标

[同义] argue, bicker, contest ,debate, fight, oppose ,quarrel ,resist

[反义] agree vi. 同意, 赞成...的意见, 与...一致, 承认, 适合 vt. 同意

[派生] disputation n.争论,驳斥,议论 [固定搭配] in dispute with 与…有争议;under dispute 在争论中;在辩论中;

participant n.参与者, 共享的 adj. 参与的

[例] participants in a card game 参加玩纸牌的人 [派生] participate vi.参与,参加,分享,分担 participation n. 分享 参与

[同义] complication

[反义] simplicity n.简单,简易,朴素,直率 [派生] complex adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的 n. 联合体

accurate adj. 正确的, 精确的

[例] Is this watch accurate? 这只表准吗? [同义] perfect

[反义] inaccurate adj. 错误的, 不准确的 [派生] accuracy n. 精确性, 正确度

critical adj. 1评论的, 鉴定的, 批评的 2危急的, 临界的

[例] A critical temperature of water is 100 ℃boiling point at standard atmospheric pressur[同义] crucial, decisive ,faultfinding ,preurgent 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 28

[反义] complimentary adj.问候的,称赞的,夸奖的, 免费赠送的 [派生] criticize v. 批评, 责备

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