(完整版)高考英语【名词性从句】.doc

专题十名词性从句

第一节基本知识与基本概念

【什么是名词性从句？】

根据从句在句子中的功能分根据从句的性质分

定语从句形容词性从句

主语从句

宾语从句

名词性从句

表语从句

同位语从句

状语从句副词性从句

【主语从句】

顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考

虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it 代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description.

That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.

Why the company denied the contract is still unknown.

When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.

It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing.

It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received.

【宾语从句】

在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，

如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如：

We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests.

He told the police in detail what he saw and heard.

Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years.

That will depend on whether they can get the chance.

Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment.

The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again.

【表语从句】

表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如：

The only question left is how often the workers are paid.

His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating.

【同位语从句】

从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。

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有点像定语从句。这个点是许多学生容易混淆的地方。但是，只有我们能把握住关键，即：定语从句

的先行词在从句中必须作一个成分，并且这个成分应该是个空白，也就是说，定语从句必须缺少成分。这一

点恰恰是同位语从句所不能做到的。同位语从句前面的名词在从句中是没有位置的。况且，也不

是所有的名词后面都会跟同位语从句，只有那些“有内容的名词” 才需要解释。如 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt等。如：

That fact that the policeman didn ’tfire at the man at all was ignored.

Do you have any idea what is going on in the classroom.

The possibility that we can work at home makes everybody excited.

【连接代词、连接副词和连接词】

通过以上介绍，我们可以看出，四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头。这个词是什么性质，要看它在从句中作作的成分，如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话，这个词就是连接代词；如

果作的是各种状语，就叫连接副词；如果不作任何成分，就叫连接词。如下表：

连接词that, if, whether

引导名词性从句

的连接词连接代词who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever

连接副词when, where, how, why

第二节考点分类解析

【考点一：语序问题】

名词性从句的语序问题一直断断续续地在各地高考题目中出现，由此可见其重要性。其实说来非

常简单易记：永远陈述语气。即名词性从句中不会出现助动词提前的现象。如：

Who he is doesn’tmatter much.

When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.

I don ’tknow what his name is.

I don ’tknow what is wrong with him. = I don’tknow what is the matter with him.

You can’timagine how excited I was at that time.

Can you tell me what size shoes you wear?

No one can be sure ______ in a million years.

A. what will man look like

B. what man will look like

C. man will look like what

D. what look will man like

答案： B。这个题就是典型的考查宾语从句的语序问题。根据以上所述，应该是陈述语序。所以 A 、C 两个选项就不可能了。而 D 选项明显不符合我们的语言习惯。

【考点二： that 和 what 的区别问题】

能引导名词性从句的关系代词有who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever八

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个。为何单独讲what 的用法呢？重要！在考试中出现的频率高！在本书第一章《定语从句》中，我们

提到过， what 是不能引导定语从句的。定语从句中如果缺少的成分是主语、宾语、表语，我们选择的

是关系代词that 或其他。现在山头换了，到了名词性从句的知识范围了。What 在名词性从句中就很有用武之地了。还是分析成分，what在从句中作的主语、宾语、表语。而that 只是一个“连接词” ，既不作什么成分，也没有什么意义。如 :

What you did doesn ’tagree with what you promised.

What he couldn ’tunderstand was why his teacher was never satisfied with him.

The matter of salary is what I care most if I decide to change my profession.

What we can ’tget always seems better than what we have already got.

I think that your composition is no better than his.

That you don ’tlove her is not my business.

What we have seen is different from _______.

A. we heard

B. we have heard

C. what we heard

D. what we have heard

I couldn’ t agree with ______ at the meeting.

A. that you said

B. which you said

C. all what you said

D. what you said

【考点三： that 和 whether 的区别问题】

有时候，它们两个比较难以区别，因为，它们都是连接词，都在从句中不作成分。但是，它们

之间最大的区别在于“意义”。即 that 在从句中既不作成分，也没有自己的意义；而whether 就不同了。它虽然不在从句中作什么成分，但是它又意义，即“是否”。这就能够左右从句的意思，使从句所表达的意思变成一个还没有确定的因素。如：

I don’ t know whether he can join us or not.

I ’m sure that he can join us.

It is none of your business whether I love her.

It is none of your business that I don’ t love her.

综上所述，区分 that 还是 whether ，重要一点就是看主句需要从句表达一个什么意思，是确定的，还是不确定的；是事实还是疑问。前者选that，后者选whether。如：

I have no doubt _____ Mr. Johnson will make it here on time.

A. that

B. whether

C. why

D. when

答案：Ａ。这个题之所以选择that，就是因为前面的I have no doubt （毫无疑问），这样

的主句已经不再需要从句表达什么“是否”了。

No one can be sure _____ the board will accept our conditions.

A. that

B. whether

C. why

D. what

答案：Ｂ。这个题中的No one can be sure（没有人能肯定）就要求从句表达一个“董

事会能否接受我们的条件”的意思，而不能是一个既定的事实。

【考点四： if 和 whether 的区别问题】

二者在引导宾语从句时都有“是否”之意。但并不是永远可以互换。一般认为，二者可

以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中。如：

He didn ’tgive us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony.

而在介词的宾语从句中，在主语从句中，在表语从句中，在同位语从句中，在和不定式搭配的结构中

等等，习惯上只能用 whether。如：

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1. _______ we ’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If

B. Whether

C. That

D. Where

2. The question of _______ they are old or young is not important.

A. which

B. whether

C. how

D. if

3. The question is ______ the film is worth seeing.

A. if

B. what

C. whether

D. how

4. He doesn ’ t know ______ to stay or not.

A. if

B. when

C. whether

D. how

5. The news _____ our team has won the match is unknown.

A. which

B. if

C. whether

D. then

得注意的是：有些料依然if 不能与 or not 搭配的。去有的定，只是在代

英中，已不再了而已。在if? or not 也可以接受。

【考点五： wh- 和 wh-ever 的区】

一般， wh- 在引从句，依然保留了很大部分的疑的本色，所以，它引的从句

在意思上表达的是一个“ ”，如：“ ？什么？何？何地？何？怎么？”等。而 wh-ever 已没有色彩，不再关心的“ ”，而是充了步的意味，多有“无．．．”之意。如：

The police wanted to kn ow who will benefit most from the old man’ s death.

警方想知道将从老人的去世中受益最多。

Whoever will benefit from the old man’ s death will be questioned by the police.

能从老人的去世之中受益的所有人都将受到警方的。

Who will be sent to help the people in the flooded areas hasn unced.’ t been anno 将被派往洪灾区去救援没有宣布。

Whoever will be sent to work in the flooded areas will spare no effort to help

the people in need. 不管是被派往灾区救援都会全力以赴地帮助灾民。

【考点六： no matter wh- 和 wh-ever 的区】

二者都有“无．．．”之意。在引步状从句确可以互，没有什么区。但是，no matter wh-只能引状从句，不能引名性从句。Wh-ever 二者兼收，来去自由。由此包含与被包含的

关系决定，二者同出而必其一，答案肯定是wh-ever 。如：

Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. ( 主从句 )

Whoever/ No matter who breaks the rules, he/she will be punished. ( 状从句 )

Don ’tbelieve whatever he tells you. (从句 )

Don ’tbelieve him, whatever/ no matter what he tells you. ( 状从句 )

【考点七：名性从句中的虚气】

先看从句的虚气。一般来，如果从句作的是表示人某种点、度或要求等气

的的，从句中要求用should＋原形的虚气（should 常可以省略）。些常

的有： desire, demand, require, request, order, propose, command, advise, suggest 等。如：例： He insisted that she （ should） spend more time studying.

He demanded that we （ should） be on time.

The boss required that all waiters (should) keep standing all day long.

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The publishing house suggested that I (should) type my book out.

有两个特例是高中老不愿意的。那就是suggest 和 insist 。它后面的从句是否用虚

气要看具体境来定。如：

The doctor suggested that I had a cold。

(个 suggest 的意思是“解，明”。后面不用虚气)

The big smiles on her face suggested that she had passed the test.

(个suggest的意思是“表明”。后面不用虚气) The

doctor suggested that I (should) stay in bed for a few day.

(个 suggest 的意思是“建”。后面用虚气)

The young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army.

(个 insist 持的是一个事不是一种点。后面不用虚气)

That young man insisted that he should be sent to the front.

(个 insist 持的是一种点，即“他被派往前”。后面用虚气) 以上是从句中的虚气象。如果是其他三种名性从句，只要和上述有关，也享受同的待遇。如：

The headquarters’suggestion is that we (should) wait for another few days. ( 表从句 )

His order that all the soldiers (should) swim across the river was refused. (同位从句)

It is strongly recommended that you (should) take a taxi. ( 主从句 )

另外，在下面几个特殊的句型中，后面的主从句也用虚气。

a. It is important/ necessary/ natural/ a wonder/ essential （必要的） /suggested that should? do ?如：

It is important that you（should）be on time.

It is necessary that you (should) exercise regularly.

b. I wish that ? did ? .如：

I wish I were a bird.

I wish one day I could live on the moon.

c. I’d rather that ?did ?如：

I ’d rather you did it yourself.

I ’d rather I hadn’tlent you that bicycle yesterday.

【考点八：从句的反意疑句的】

众所周知，反意疑句是由句子的和主的代形式共同构成。如：

He is ignorant, isn ’the?

He isn’tstrong, is he?

但是，如果前面的句子中含有从句，怎么？答案是一定主句的主、。如：

You know he is ignorant, don ’tyou?

I told you he isn ’tstrong, didn ’tI?

有一种例外，当主句的主是I, 且是表示点的如think, believe, suppose, expect, am afraid 等，就只能从句反了。因没有人会自己的点上行反。如：

I think he is ignorant, isn ’the?

I believe he isn ’tstrong, is he?

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【考点九： it 在名词性从句中的作用问题】

代词 it 的用法有很多。但近几年的高考关注的却比较集中，即it 作为普通回指代词的用法和在名词性从句中作形式宾语和形式主语的用法。如：

作形式主语：

It worried me a bit that he didn ’tphone.

It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.

It doesn’tmatter when you arrive--- just come when you can.

It wasn’tclear to anyone why he didn ’tcome.

It was surprising how many unhappy marriages there are.

作形式宾语：

I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.

I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.

I think it important that we should keep calm.

Don’ttake it for granted that your parents should do everything for you.

He doesn’twant it to be known that he ’s going away.

You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.

【考点十：主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题】

从表面上看， it 作形式主语的主语从句有时候和强调句型有些相似。如：

It is impossible that we can persuade him to join us. ( 主语从句 )

It is with Tom ’s help that we were able to persuade him to join us. ( 强调句型 )

其实，强调句型其实很简单，即在 It is/was 与 that 之间放上我们想要强调的某个句子成分。大部分考

题都是考查 that 的选择问题。即考查考生判断某句是否是强调句型的问题。这个看似容易的问题在出题人

的多种变化之下有时也会变得很令人头疼。下面是几种常见的出题形式：

1．基本式：

It was on the top of the mountain that we met the foreign tourist.

2.一般疑问句式：

Was it on the top of the mountain that you met the foreign tourist?

3.特殊疑问句式：

Where was it that you met the foreign tourist?

4．复合句式：

Can you tell me where it was that you met the foreign tourist?

5．套定语从句式：

It was in the house which was built by his father that he was born.

6.套定语从句加省略式：

---Where did you meet the foreign tourist?

---It was in the hotel where we lived (that we met the foreign tourist).

判断一个句子是否是强调句型是个关键。这里重要思路是当去掉强调句型、各个成分各归其位以后，

该句子是否还成立。下面几个例子就不是强调句型：

It was not yet seven o’clock when he came back last night.

因为， *He came back last night not yet seven o ’clock. 就不是个正确的句子。

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---I heard that Tom was once almost drowned. When was that?

---It was in 2000 when he was swimming in a pool.

同理， *He was swimming in a pool in 2000. 从逻辑上看也不成立。因为，我们不可能一整年都在游

泳。

第三节巩固练习

（一）、【夯实基础】

1. America was ________ was called “ India” by Columbus.

A. that

B. where

C. what

D. the place

2. --- I ’ d like to invite you to a concert this evening.

--- Thank you, but ______ I’ ll be free I’ m not sure at the moment.

A. while

B. if

C. when

D. whether

3.I kept looking at the man, wondering ______________.

A. whether I have seen him before

B. where I had seen him before

C. that I had seen him before

D. when I had seen him before

4.You have not yet answered my question ________ I can join in the party tonight.

A. whether

B. if

C. which

D. that

e71344c0a65177232f60ddccda38376baf1fe0b3rmation has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. as

6. A computer can only do _______ you have instructed it to do.

A. how

B. after

C. what

D. when

7.It is a common belief _______ teenagers today know about computers and are familiar ______ using them

in all aspects of life.

A. that; out

B. what; with

C. that; with

D. what; about

8.Don’ t leaveorf tomorrow _______ you can do today.

A. if

B. what

C. that

D. unless

9. Was it because it rained yesterday ______ he didn’ t come?

A. why

B. when

C. then

D. that

10. ______ all the inventions have in common is ______ they have succeeded.

A. What; what

B. That; that

C. What; that

D. That; that

11.--- What clothes should we wear to attend the ball?

---Dress _______ you like.

A. what

B. however

C. whatever

D. how

12.________ has ridden on a railway train knows how _____ another train flashes by when it is traveling

in the opposite direction.

A. Anyone who; rapid

B. Whoever; rapidly

C. Anything; rapid

D. Whatever; rapidly

13. We believe _______ you have devoted yourself ________ sure to come true.

A. that; is

B. all that; to be

C. that all; are

D. what; to is

14. You may give the film ticket to _______ you think needs it.

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A. no matter who

B. whomever

C. whoever

D. no matter whom

15. Was it in 1998, when he was still at middle school, ______ this boy became expert at computer?

A. which

B. where

C. when

D. that

16. It was ______ he came to Macao ______ he knew what kind of place it was.

A. that; when

B. until; that

C. not until; when

D. not until; that

17. All finished, we sat down to enjoy ______ we thought the most delicious dinner.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. it

18. It was not until he explained it a second time _______ it.

A. when we understood

B. that we understood

C. did we understand

D. that did we understand

19. The Beaches held _____ they called “ family day ” once each year.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. when

20.--- How did he fail the examination?

---It was because he was too careless _______ he made so many mistakes.

A. therefore

B. that

C. so that

D. so

21. In some countries, ______ is called“ equality” does not really mean equal rights fro all people.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. how

22.--- ______ helps others will be helped.

---So I ’ ll beankfulth to and try to help _______ has helped us.

A. Whoever; whomever

B. Whoever; whoever

C. Who; whoever

D. Who; whomever

23. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _______ worries the public.

A. why

B. which

C. that

D. what

24. It was not until dark _______ he found ________ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.

A. that; what

B. that; that

C. when; what

D. when; that

25. The question came up at the meeting _______ we had enough money for our research.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. whether

26. _______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.

A. If

B. That

C. When

D. Because

27. ______ we are doing has never been done before.

A. That

B. What

C. Which

D. Whether

28.Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and

_______ more than 10,000 years ago.

A. this is Alaska

B. Alaska is now

C. is now Alaska

D. what is now Alaska

29. Please tell me ______ you would like to have your coffee ---- black or white?

A. what

B. where

C. which

D. how

30. Many workers were organized to clear away _______ remained of the World Trade center.

A. those

B. that

C. what

D. where

(二 )、【真题实战一】

1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.

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A. What

B. Why

C. Where

D. Which

2. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for.

A. what

B. why

C. how

D. whether

3.It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.

A. how

B. what

C. which

D. when

4. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.

A. That

B. Which

C. What

D. As

5. Why not try your lu ck downtown, Bob? That ’ s ______ the best jobs are.

A. where

B. what

C. when

D. why

6. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is.

A. what

B. which

C. how

D. where

7. Could I speak to ________ is in charge of International Sales, please?

A ． anyone

B ．someone C． whoever D ．no matter who

8. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.

A. That

B. What

C. Whether

D. Where

9. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so.

A. when

B. why

C. whether

D. that

(三 )、【真题实战二】

1. We haven ’ t settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A. if

B. where

C. whether

D. that

2. See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning.

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. what

3. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.

A. where

B. when

C. how

D. what

4. –What did your parents think about your decision?

–They always let me do _______ I think I should.

A. when

B. that

C. how

D. what

5.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ________he was a

man of action.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

6.Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class________ he had to meet his uncle at the air

port.

A. why

B. that

C. where

D. because

7. --- Could you do me a favour?

--- It depends on ______ it is.

A. which

B. whichever

C. what

D. whatever

8. Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals.

A. as

B. that

C. what

D. which

9. ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

A. No matter what

B. No matter which C Whatever D. Whichever

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10. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.

A. As

B. That

C. This

D. It

11. — It's thirty years since we lest met.

— But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. when

12. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my

mother ’s birthday ．

A ． if B． when

C． that D ．which

13. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

A. What

B. Who

C. Whatever

D. Whoever

14. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

A. that

B. which

C. until

D. if

15. These shoes look very good. I wonder _____.

A. how much cost they are

B. how much do they cost

C. how much they cost

D. how much are they cost

16. Doris' success lies in the fact ___ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. why

17. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _________her duty to look after all the other people ’s affairs

in that town.

A. this

B. that

C. one

D. it

18. I ’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.

A. that

B. it

C. this

D. you

19. If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.

A. so

B. that

C. it

D. them

(四 )、【真题实战三】

1. Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game.

A. why

B. what

C. who

D. that

2. As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when _____ and see him.

A. you will come

B. will you come

C. you come

D. do you come

3. _______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

A. What is required

B. What requires

C. It is required

D. It requires

4. The old lady ’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ____ this shaking had begun half a

year before, and _____, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.

A. when; how

B. how; when

C. how; how

D. why; why

5. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ____ silly mistakes I had made.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. which

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6. He hasn’tslept at all for three days. ______ he is tired out.

A. There is no point

B. There is no need

C. It is no wonder

D. It is no way

7. Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon.

A. who

B. that

C. as

D. which

8. Do you have any idea ______ is going on in the classroom?

A. that

B. what

C. as

D. which

9. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.

A. where

B. how

C. what

D. which

10. The way he did it was different ______ we were used to.

A. in which

B. in what

C. from what

D. from which

11. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____ a cure for AIDS will be found.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. whether

12. --- Don ’tyou think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?

--- I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not send; what

(五 )、【真题实战四】

1. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.

A. as

B. which

C. what

D. that

2. Along with the letter was his promise ______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree.

A. why

B. where

C. what

D. how

4. We cannot figure out ______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.

A. that

B. as

C. why

D. when

5. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

6. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.

A. where

B. what

C. that

D. how

7. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and

qualified noblemen at court.

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. that

8. I think Father would like to know ______ I ’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.

A. which

B. why

C. what

D. how

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参考答案

【夯实基础】

1-5 CDBAB6-10 CCBDC11-15 BBDCD16-20 DCBCB21-25 BBDAD 26-30 BBDDC

【真题实战2007】1-5 AABCA6-9 ACBD

【真题实战2006】 1-5 CDBDB6-10 BCCDD11-15 BCAAC16-19 BDBC 【真题实战2005】 1-5 AACCA6-10 CBBCC11-12 CB

【真题实战2004】 1-5 CBBCA6-8 BDC

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