英语四级翻译练习

1. 古代文明

中国拥有世界认可的( world-acclaimed)古代文明。在历史的长河中，中国各族人民共同创造的宝贵文化遗产资源(cultural heritage resources)种类多样，形式各异，内容丰富，在世界上是独一无二的。中国的文化遗产体现(reflect)了独特的精神、价值观、思维和想象的方式，体现了(embody)活力(vitality)和创造力，从而作为人类文明的瑰宝被珍藏。文化遗产无形中也影响力中国人的思想观念，对中华文明的延续和发展作出了重要贡献(make special and important contribution to)。

China enjoys a world-acclaimed ancient civilization. Over the sweep of history, Chinese people of all ethnic groups have jointly created valuable cultural heritage resources with such a multitude of types, diverse forms and rich contents that are exceptional in the world. China’s cultural heritage reflects unique spirits, values, ways of thinking and imagination and embodies vitality and creativity of the Chinese nation, thus being cherished as treasures of human civilization. Cultural heritage has invisibly influenced the Chinese peoples’ ideas and concepts and made special and important contribution to the continuation and evolution of the Chinese civilization.

2.独生子女政策

中国政府的独生子女政策( One Child Policy)是在1978年才实施(be put into effect)的。相对而言，时间是比较近的。因此，1978年前出生的人很可能有一个或更多的兄弟姐妹(siblings)。该政策的目的不是对每个人都平等，对城市居民的意义更大。农民和少数名族(ethnic minorities)是允许生多个孩子的，尤其是如果第一胎是女孩。所以如果你到农村或中国偏远地区(remote region)旅行，你会发现有的家庭不止一个孩子。

The Chinese Government’s One Child Policy was put into effect only in 1978. That’s relatively recent. So anyone born before 1978 very likely has one or more siblings. The policy is not intended to cover everyone equally and is meant more for the urban population. Farmers and China’s ethnic minorities are allowed more than one child, especially if the first child is a girl. So if you travel to the countryside or into remote regions of China, you’ll find families with more than one child.

2. 重阳节

农历九月九日是传统的重阳节(Chongyang Festival)，或者说是双九节。登高辟邪(avoid epidemics’)的习俗从很久以前就流传(pass down)下来。因此，重阳节也被称为“登高节”(Ascending Festival)。1989年，中国政府决定把重阳节定为老年节(Seniors’ Day)。从那以后，所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都会为退休职工组织一次秋游。在水边或山间，老年人将发现自己融入(merge into)自然。年轻一代会在这天带老人郊游或送礼物给他们。

The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics was passed down from long time ago. Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called “Height Ascending Festival”. In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival as Seniors’ Day. Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities will organize an autumn trip each year for those who have retired from their posts. At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors will find themselves merged into nature. Younger generations will bring elder ones to suburban areas or send gifts to them on this day.

3. 茶马古道

茶马古道（Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数名族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比如：大理古城，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangri-La)，雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、驿站(post

house)、古桥和木板路。这里是很多少数名族的家园，也是他们的名族舞蹈和名族服装(folk costume)的发源地。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minorities. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites, including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangri-La, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk costumes. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.

4. 孔子

孔子（Confucius）是春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，是古代中国人心目中的圣人。孔子的言论和生平活动记录在由他的弟子或再传弟子编成的《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作。在孔子之后几千年的中国历史上，没有哪一位思想家、文学家和政治家不受《论语》的影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。

As a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects. As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced all thinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years’ Chinese history after Confucius. No scholar could truly understand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinese without this book.

5. 西塘

西塘在浙江嘉兴，位于上海和杭州之间。这个占地规模并不大的古镇有着悠久的历史，它初建于春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吴国和越国的交界处。西塘的大致规模在宋代之前就已经形成，今所见西塘著名的桥梁望仙桥（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的遗迹。在明清时期，西塘既是远近闻名的鱼米之乡，又是著名的丝绸制造之地，还以制陶业（ceramics）而享誉全国。

Xitang is located in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, between Shanghai and Hangzhou. Though small in size, this ancient town boasts a long history. It was first built during the Spring and Autumn Period, at the border between the states of Wu and Yue. The present layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famous Wangxian Bridge in Xitang is a legacy of the Song. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade centre for farm products, silks and ceramics, all produced in the surrounding areas and famous throughout the country.

6. 秧歌舞

秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作迅速有力。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。

The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces. Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick. During holidays, such as the lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside. In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.

7. 青铜器时代

中国的青铜器时代（Bronze Age）从夏开始，经历商、西周到春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持续了一千五百多年的时间。大量出土的青铜器物表明，中国创造了灿烂的青铜文明。这些青铜器物不仅有丰富的政治和宗教内涵，而且还具有很高的艺术价值。今藏于中国历史博物馆的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中国青铜器时代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）时期的作品，距今大约有三千多年。

The Bronze Age in China lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, to the Spring and Autumn Period. Large numbers of unearthed artifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country. They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artistic value. A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is now preserved in the Museum of Chinese History. It was cast about 3,000 years ago during the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.

8. 辛亥革命

1911 年，中国爆发了历史上的第一次资产阶级革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中国封建社会的最后一个朝代——清朝，废除了中国延续了2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中国的第一个民主共和国——中华民国。民国政府成立以后，要求全国人民都剪掉头上的辫子（queues），选择自己喜欢的发型。至此，在中国延续了280 多年的辫子法令终于被解除。

In 1911, the first bourgeois revolution in Chinese history — the Revolution of 1911 broke out. The last dynasty of the Chinese feudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch system that had a history of more than 2,000 years was abolished. The Republic of China, the first democratic republic in China, was founded in 1912. After its foundation, the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off their queues and make the haircut they liked. Since then, the wearing-queue order that had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been abolished.

9. 北京烤鸭

北京烤鸭是自封建帝王时代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被认为是中国的一道国菜。这道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及厨师们在客人面前片鸭子的真实情形而著称。专门用于制作烤鸭的鸭子在养殖65 天后就被屠宰了，鸭子在烤制前要先用调料腌制（season），然后才送进焖炉或者挂炉。鸭肉通常配上葱（scallion）、黄瓜和甜面酱，用薄饼卷着食用。

Peking duck is a famous duck dish that has been popular since the imperial era in Beijing, and is now considered a national dish of China. The dish is prized for the thin, crisp skin with authentic vision of the dish serving sliced in front of the diners by the cook. Ducks bred specially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven. The meat is usually eaten with pancakes, scallion, cucumbers and sweet bean sauce.

春节期间的娱乐活动多种多样，丰富多彩。耍龙灯和舞狮子是春节期间的传统项目。现在，随着生活水平的不断提高，人们采用了新的方式庆祝新年。但不管庆祝方式怎么变，春节的精华不会变。家家户户都会打扫的干干净净，门上都会贴上对联，人人都会穿上新衣裳，拿出最精美的食物，团聚在一起，互道吉利，表示祝贺。

The recreational activities during the Spring Festival are varied and colorful. The Dagon Dance and Lion Dance are traditionally performed during the festival. Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, people have taken up new ways to celebrate the New Year. No matter what change there might be, the highlights of the Spring Festival will remain the same. Each family will clean up the house and put up couplets on the door. Dressed up in their best, people will get together, treat each other to the most delicious foods and exchange auspicious greetings.

在中国，大熊猫是和平的象征。 大熊猫是一种濒危物种。由于它们的栖息地遭到了破坏，它们的数量正在急剧下降。 大熊猫的身体是白色的，在它的眼睛、耳朵、肩膀、腿部和脚周围都有一些黑色斑块。这黑白相间的色彩可以让大熊猫在雪地和岩石的环境中保护自己。大熊猫的视力非常好。 它们与众不同的眼睛激发了中国人的想象力，因此它们又被称为“大猫熊”。

The panda is a symbol of peace in China. Pandas are an endangered species and their numbers are decreasing sharply as their habitat is destroyed. Pandas are white with black patches around the eyes, ears, shoulders, chest, legs and feet. This black-and-white coloring may protect them in the snowy and rocky environment. Pandas have very good eyesight. Their unusual eyes have inspired the Chinese to call them the “giant cat bears” as well.

朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。

Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.

中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口约占世界总人口的22%。在过去相当长的时期里，由于诸多原因， 贫困一直困扰着中国。20世纪80年代中期，中国农村绝大多数地区凭借自身的发展优势，经济得到快速增长， 但少数地区由于经济、社会、历史、自然等方面的制约，发展相对滞后。中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发 展的进程中，在全国范围内实施了以解决贫困人口温饱问题为主要目标的有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开 发，极大地缓解了贫困现象。

China is the largest developing country in the world and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the world’s total. For a long period of its history, China has been plagued by poverty for various reasons. In the mid-1980s, the economy of an overwhelming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of their own advantages, but a small number of areas still lagged behind because of the constraints of their economic, social, historical, and natural

conditions. The Chinese government, while working on all-round economic and social development, has nationwide implemented a large-scale program for development-oriented poverty relief in a planned and organized way. With the main objective of helping

poverty-stricken people solve the food and clothing problems, this program has gone a long way toward alleviating poverty.

旗袍（cheongsam ），是中国女性的传统服装。源于中国满族女性的传统服装。因为满族人被称为 “旗人”，所以满族人的长袍被称为”旗袍“。到了20世纪20年代，受西方服饰的影响，经过改进之后的旗袍逐渐在广大妇女中流行起来。在中国，很多女性都喜欢穿旗袍。结婚的时候，，新娘不仅要订做一件中式旗袍作为结婚礼服，还要穿着漂亮的旗袍照一套婚纱照，作为永久的纪念。对于中国的女明星们而言，旗袍也成为她们参加各种重要活动的首选礼服。

Cheongsam is a traditional Chinese women's clothing. It stems from China's manchu women's traditional costume. Because the manchus were known as the “bannerman”, so the manchus robes are known as “cheongsam\became popular among the masses of women gradually. In China, many women like to wear qipao. During the wedding, the bride will not only design a traditional Chinese cheongsam as wedding dress, also dressed in beautiful qipao to take a set of photos as a permanent

memorial. For China's female stars, cheongsam has become their preferred dress to participate in various important activities.

中国人喜欢在一起，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不愿分离的观念---圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央，这样坐在桌子面前的所用人都可以吃到。一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。最近一位美国汉学家(Sinologist) 的著作认为，中国人的集体观念 就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago. It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table, so that everyone around the table can share them. A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union. Friends also like to eat and live together. A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.

中国是茶的故乡。据说早在五六千年前，中国就有了茶树(tea- shrub),而且有关茶树的人类文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自中国的茶和丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)—样，在1000年前为世界所知，而且一直是中国重要的出口产品。目前世界上40多个国家种植茶，其中亚洲国家的产量占世界总产量的90%。其他国家的茶树都直接或间接地起源于中国。

China is the homeland of tea. It is believed that China has tea- shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago，and human cultivation of tea plants can date back to two thousand years ago. Tea from China，along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known to the world more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export. At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the world’s total output. All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.

灵隐寺(Lingyin Temple)位于浙江省杭州市西湖的西北部。它是 江南著名古刹。该寺建于公元326年，有1600多年的历史。传说, 印度一个叫作慧理的和尚来到杭州，被这美丽的山区景色深深地吸引了。他认为这里有神佛，所以建了一座庙宇，取名“灵隐”，意思

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/s6nf.html