英语高级翻译学生材料讲义答案

更新时间:2023-04-24 22:37:01 阅读量: 实用文档 文档下载

说明:文章内容仅供预览,部分内容可能不全。下载后的文档,内容与下面显示的完全一致。下载之前请确认下面内容是否您想要的,是否完整无缺。

英语高级翻译学生材料

汉译英

总论

一、原文特点:

1、题材

2、体裁

3、语言特点:语体偏正式

二、增强汉译英能力的途径。

1、多读英文原著。

2、多练习写作。

3、多作汉译英练习,特别是在比较中学习。

三、汉语、英语两种语言的比较。

1、语言结构形式不一样。

2、汉语重意合、英语重形合。

3、句子重心位置不同。

汉语重要的信息靠前;英语则靠后,具有头小屁股大的特点。

4、汉语倾向主观,英语倾向客观。

四、汉语与英语使用的常见句型。

一)、英语的基本句型:

1、主谓

2、主谓宾

3、主谓宾宾

1

4、主谓宾宾补

5、主系表

6、There be

二)、汉语的常见句型:

1、主谓单句

如:

中国这几年发生了巨大的变化。

In the last few decades, great changes have taken place in China.

注意:汉语中能作谓语的不只有动词,如形容词,这很不同于英语。

2、无主句

例如:剩下的钱不多了。

The rest of the money is not much more.

没有不透风的墙。

No wall is wall in the world .

3、流水句

如:

不一会儿,北风小了。路上浮尘早已刮尽,剩下一条洁白的大道来,车夫也跑得更快。2

Presently the North Wind dropped a little. By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean,and the rickshaw man quickened his pace.

4、主题句

如:实现四个现代化,这是我们今后相当长的时间的中心工作。

For a relatively long period ahead,the focus of our work is to realize the four modernizations.

5、连动句

例如:

他到了机场发现飞机已经起飞了。

He found that the aircraft has taken off to the airport.

6、兼语句

指谓语有两个动词,主语只拥有其中的一3

个,前一个动词的宾语是第二个动词的主语,有点类似于英语的复合结构。

A、把兼语式的第二个动词变成英语的宾语补足语。

如;我们劝他戒烟。

We persuade him to stop smoking.

B、利用英语中大量含有使…怎么样的动词。如:

你的话真吓我一跳。

You are really freaking me out.

C、第一个动词是责怪、批评、埋怨或表扬时,可将第二个动词译成英语的状语短语或从句表原因或因果。

如:老师表扬他学习努力。

He made so much progress in his study that the teacher praised him.

7、意合句

指无关联词语的复活句。先分析找出其中暗含的各种语义关系,然后选择相应的关联词语或其他手段,来体现句子的深层含义。

4

如:桂林山水甲天下,阳朔山水甲桂林。

Guilin’s mountains and waters rank first in China while landscape of Yangshuo tops those in Guilin.

8、主次信息句

表面上两个或更多分句在并列,没有主次关系之分,实际上有主要信息和次要信息之分,这时,要把含主要信息的句子翻译成一个完整的句子,而次要信息作为伴随的状况或原因。

如:他非常成功,事迹震惊了全世界。

He was very successful and shocked the world.

9、长句

专节讲解

五、常见问题

1、词语层面

由于对原文理解的不准确和自身词汇不足,对原文作生搬硬套的翻译。

如:况中国古代素来以不滞于物,不为5

物役为最主要的人生哲学。

Besides, among the Chinese ancient life philosophies that man should neither be confined nor be enslaved by material concerns had been chief. 又如:在朋友面前我很惭愧。

惭愧不是羞愧,不能用ashamed, 而要翻译为ill at ease

2、句子层面

A、时态

B、语态

及物与不及物

主动与被动

思维、文化差异

C、逻辑关系

句内关系

句间关系

段间关系

D、句子结构

汉式英语,没有层次感

3、篇章层面

主要是注意要把握好对整个文章基调和风6

格。

Diction:

Eg1 Upon graduation, we have to find a job for making living.

为了生存,毕业后我们得找份工作。Stylistic writing:

Eg2 When autumn falls its last leaf, Subi has to find a place for the long and chilling winter.

当秋天的最后一片叶子飘落,subi不得不找个地方来度过又长又冷的冬天了。

六、翻译过程:

1、理解

A、通读全文

整体上把握文章的内容,注意关联性、逻辑性,这是传换为英语这种形式语言的根据。

B、词语的理解

a、不能望文生义,要根据语境。

他这一阵心头如同十五个吊桶打水,七十八下,老是不能宁静下来。

His mind was in a turmoil these days and 7

he was quite unable to think straight.

b 、要把握词语的逻辑关系,如:科学技术,科学知识,科学英语

scientific technology, scientific knowledge, english technology

C、理解句子

理解句子的依据除了句子本身外,更重要的是该句所在的语境。

2、表达

要搭配地道,要翻译为符合英语表达习惯的句子结构。表达的好坏取决与对原文的理解以及英语的基本功。

3、校对、润色

是理解与表达的进一步深化,对原文内容的进一步核实以及对译文语言的进一步推敲。一般应注意人名、地名、日期和数字。有无漏译、错译或不准确的地方。

汉译英技巧篇

词语翻译

一、词语选择

1、词义明确化

如,干----

8

干泽而渔

Dry the pond for fish.

他是干打雷不下雨

He says more but do nothing.

雷声大雨点小

Actions speak louder than words.

咱们干吧

中文一词多义现象尤为突出,汉翻英时要注意同一汉字或词语在英语中不同的对应,如:

?走:walk---中性

?Stride----有活力有节奏的大踏步地走

?Saunter---闲逛,逍遥

?Amble----闲散而有规律

Stroll—步行缓慢,无目标的逍遥或漫步

Strut---趾高气扬,大摇大摆

Waddle---步行蹒跚,像鸭子般

Wander---闲逛(无家可归)

Strumble---走路不稳,被撞后跌跌撞撞

Tiptoe---欠着脚尖走

sneak---偷偷溜走

Hobble---笨拙艰难的走

9

Totter---年高体弱或年小而走路不稳March---正步走

Trampe----步子很重,咚咚地走

多做翻译练习,多欣赏好的译文,收集、鉴别,感受词的意味与神韵

2、辨析词义与正确造词

A、区分词的广义与狭义

上海服装业很兴旺

Shanghai---industry is flourishing. 这件童装很漂亮。

The children’s wear here is very beautiful.

B、区分词义的强与弱

日军在中国的暴行急起了世界各国人民极大愤怒。

The atrocities of the Japanese troops in China roused the people of all countries to great indignation.

C、区分词义的褒贬

准确把握词语的感情色彩直接关系准确反映作者观点。英语词有denotative meaning 和connotative meaning 两层意思,如:10

statesman---politician; intellectual---egg-head/空讲理论的人; singer---vocalist

又如:他们讲资本主义,我们将社会主义。They --- capitalism--- we --- socialism.

又如:这些人私贩海洛因

Those man are trafickers of herion.

D、语气轻重

我们必须广泛地利用现代科学技术的新成就。

We must utilize the achievements of modern science and technology.

健全会计制度。

We should improve the acounting system. 中国正在发生日新月异的变化。

China is progressing with each passing day.

E、区分语体色彩

这小伙子干活真冲

The young fellow does his work with vim and vigor.

他儿子当时还是一个小不点儿

His son was only knee-high to a 11

grasshopper.

禁止赌博

Do not grambling.

F、词语搭配:

环境卫生、公共卫生、个人卫生Sanitation Hygiene Health

G、区分模糊与具体:

汉语重直觉、重表象,有些汉语词语比较笼统,表意模糊,必须寻求其确切的含义。

这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。

The national key university has prepared batched of qualified graduates for the society.

.H、区分比喻与实指:

汉语有很多含有比喻义的词,必须动态译出其潜在意义。

她电晕了我。

Her beauty shocks me to death.

避免重复用词

12

在改善物质生活的同时,充实精神生活。While improving the people’s material well-being,we should enrich their cultural life.

身体好,学习好,工作好。

Keep fit, study well and work hard. J.删减范畴词

总之,就全国范围来说,我们一定能够逐步顺利解决沿海同内地贫富差距的问题。

In short, taking the country as whole, I am confident that we can gradually bridge the gap between coastal and inland areas.

收入分配关系没有理顺。

Things have yet to be straightened out in the matter of income distribution. K. 四字结构的英译处理

1. 大峡弯的谷地,山峦交错,峡谷相连,江水汹涌。

The valley of the Grand Bend is full of multipeaked mountains, joined canyons and turbulent waters.

13

2.于这台仪器性能稳定、操作可靠、维修方便,因此受到用户的好评。

This instrument has been welcomed by the customers because of its stability service, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.

这些女式衬衣系采用上等纯丝制成,价格公道,工艺精湛,设计独特。

Our silk blouse are made of pure silk of best quality. They are moderate in price, excellent in craftsmanship and unique in designs

大力培养爱岗尽责、方便群众、优质服务的敬业精神。

We should vigorously foster the fine spirit, including dedication to work, and offering convenience and fine services to the masses.

防止个人专断和各自为政,反对有令不行、14

有禁不止。

This practice of personal arbitrary action under the guise of collective leadership must be resolutely opposed.

6.我们必须解放思想、实事求是、扎实工作、开拓进取。

We should emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts and work hard and creatively.

7.作为世界第一大洲,亚洲幅员辽阔,人口众多,资源丰富,有着巨大的发展潜力。Asia, the largest continent in the world, is a vast land with a huge population, abundant natural resources and enormous potential for development.

8.这里气候温和,四季分明,雨量充沛,日照充足,适合多种弄作物生长栽培。

It enjoys a temperate climate with well-marked seasons and has plenty of rainfall and sunshine, favourable for

15

growing crops.

二、词语的上推:

1、上推成短语

其实,进来的是个黑瘦的先生,八字须,戴着眼镜,挟着一迭大大小小的书。

There entered a dark,lean instructor with a moustache,who was wearing glasses and carrying under his arms a pile of books,large and small.

2、上推成句---与语体风格有关

很显然,他撒谎了。

It's obviously that he's telling lies 汉译英

三、词性转换

汉英是两种不同的语言,有其各自用词习惯。汉语的动态性和具体性的特点使其语言运用上多用动词。英语则重静态性和抽象性,使得在语言使用上呈现名词化和介词化倾向。鉴于两种语言的差异性,在汉译英时,必须进行必要的词性转换。

1、动词---名词

汉语---动宾结构/兼语式/连动式等

16

汉语动词没有时态变化也没有谓语动词和非谓语动词之分,动词可以充当各种句子成分。而英语一般只有一个谓语动词,其他大量的动词要借助于名词来表达,因为名词相对灵活,不太受形态规则的制约。

例1我们认为这一行动违背了双方所签的合约。

We believe that this anction violates the contract signed by both parties. 例2总统牢牢控制着他的部下。

The president firmly in contral of his men.

例3他得出这一结论是深思熟虑的结果。His arrival at this conclusion was the result of much thought.

例4吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。This feeling will take a little while on first couple of dishes.

例5太多的现代建筑破坏了这座古城的美感和神韵。

Too many modern buildings destroyed the beauty and charm of the antient city.

17

例6 眼不见,心不烦。

Out of sight,out of mind.

2、动词---介词

介词和名词相关,英语名词的大量使用,也使得介词频繁出现。而且英语中相当多的介词由动词演变而来。

例1这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传了下来。

Thus, every place,with its own legend s and tales, has its traditions andcu stoms passed on from generation to ge neration.

例2他们布下圈套捉贼。

They set a trap for the thieves.

例3 他穿着蓝布大褂、小坎肩,带着瓜皮小帽。

He was in a blue cloth gown with a short sleeveless jacket over it, and with a scull cap on the head.

18

3、动词---形容词

动词---同源形容词

例1所以人们对于大自然,全都一致并深深地依赖着。

Therefore, all human inpiduals have become unanimously and profoundly indebted to( obliged to, attached to, dependent on) Nature.

例2他对过去追悔莫及,并保证永远不再开汽车。

He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motor-cars entirely and for ever.

例3 不要满足于这一点成绩。

Don't be content with this small success.

4、动词---副词

例1 赶他出去.

The man who drove him off.

例2、可以肯定他不会来。

He is not sure to come.

5、名词---动词

19

注意修饰该名词的形容词要变成副词。

大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。All people are blessed by nature, rich and poor alike. That accounts for their deeply rooted attachment to her。

例3他滔滔不绝的演讲给在座的学生留下了深刻的印象。

The commencement speaker presented a forceful speech that impressed the students.

例3 现在的学生对老师的态度不够尊敬。Now students of teacher’s attitude is not enough respect.

6、形容词/副词---名词

例1、只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。

Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk.

例2独立思考在学习中是绝对必要的。

Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.

20

例3 在文明礼貌月中,所有城市必须搞好卫生清除混乱和不礼貌现象。

In the middle of the country courtesy of civilization, all cities must improve health, eliminate confusion and rude behavior.

7、形容词/副词---动词

他们在完全陌生的荒野间盲目地前进。They blindly forward in strange wilderness.

例2蒲公英使大地变成一片黄色. Dandelion make the earth into a piece of yellow.

例3 我未戴眼镜,稀里糊涂走错了房间.

I didn't wear my glasses, muddleheaded went to the wrong room.

8、注意有些词的特殊用法

例1 外面大雨瓢泼

Outside the rain came pouring down

例2 他大难不死,安然无恙。

21

本文来源:https://www.bwwdw.com/article/s5oq.html

Top