PRMS---2010---官方中英文对照版

石油资源管理系统

Petroleum Resources Management System

根据SPE英文原版PRMS翻译

发起者：

石油工程师学会（SPE）

美国石油地质学家协会（AAPG）

世界石油大会（WPC）

石油评价工程师学会（SPEE）

翻译: 石油工程师学会石油天然气储量委员会PRMS英译中分会

Table of Contents

PREAMBLE ............................................................................................. 3

1.0 BASIC PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS ....................................... 5

1.1 Petroleum Resources Classification Framework ................................................... 5

1.2 Project-Based Resources Evaluations .................................................................. 10

2.0 CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORIZATION GUIDELINES ......... 13

2.1 Resources Classification......................................................................................... 15

2.1.1 Determination of Discovery Status ............................................... 15

2.1.2 Determination of Commerciality ................................................... 15

2.1.3 Project Status and Commercial Risk ............................................ 18

2.1.3.1 Project Maturity Sub-Classes ..................................................... 18

2.1.3.2 Reserves Status ........................................................................... 21

2.1.3.3 Economic Status .......................................................................... 23

2.2 Resources Categorization ...................................................................................... 23

2.2.1 Range of Uncertainty ...................................................................... 23

2.2.2 Category Definitions and Guidelines ............................................ 26

2.3 Incremental Projects .............................................................................................. 28

2.3.1 Workovers, Treatments, and Changes of Equipment .................. 28

2.3.2 Compression ................................................................................... 31

2.3.3 Infill Drilling ..................................................................................... 31

2.3.4 Improved Recovery ........................................................................ 31

2.4 Unconventional Resources ..................................................................................... 31

3.0 EVALUATION AND REPORTING GUIDELINES .......................... 34

3.1 Commercial Evaluations ........................................................................................ 34

3.1.1 Cash-Flow-Based Resources Evaluations ................................... 34

3.1.2 Economic Criteria ........................................................................... 37

3.1.3 Economic Limit ............................................................................... 40

3.2 Production Measurement ...................................................................................... 40

3.2.1 Reference Point .............................................................................. 40

3.2.2 Lease Fuel ....................................................................................... 42

3.2.3 Wet or Dry Natural Gas .................................................................. 42

3.2.4 Associated Non-Hydrocarbon Components ................................ 42

3.2.5 Natural Gas Re-Injection ................................................................ 42

3.2.6 Underground Natural Gas Storage................................................ 44

3.2.7 Production Balancing .................................................................... 44

3.3 Resources Entitlement and Recognition............................................................... 44

3.3.1 Royalty ............................................................................................ 44

3.3.2 Production-Sharing Contract Reserves........................................ 47

................................................. 47 3.3.3 Contract Extensions or Renewals

4.0 ESTIMATING RECOVERABLE QUANTITIES .............................. 49

4.1 Analytical Procedures ............................................................................................ 49

4.1.1 Analogs ........................................................................................... 49

4.1.2 Volumetric Estimate ....................................................................... 51

4.1.3 Material Balance ............................................................................. 51

4.1.4 Production Performance Analysis ................................................ 54

4.2 Deterministic and Probabilistic Methods ............................................................. 54

4.2.1 Aggregation Methods ..................................................................... 56

4.2.1.1 Aggregating Resources Classes ................................................ 56 TABLE 1: RECOVERABLE RESOURCES CLASSES AND

SUB-CLASSES ...................................................................................... 59

TABLE 2: RESERVES STATUS DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES ..... 65 TABLE 3: RESERVES CATEGORY DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES

............................................................................................................... 67 APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN RESOURCES

EVALUATIONS ...................................................................................... 71

目 录

序言 .......................................................................................................... 4

1.0基本原则和定义 .................................................................................. 6

1.1石油资源分类框架 ....................................................................................................... 6

1.2基于项目的资源评价 ................................................................................................. 11

2.0分级和分类准则 ................................................................................ 14

2.1资源分级 ..................................................................................................................... 16

2.1.1发现状态的确定 ................................................................................... 16

2.1.2 商业性的确定 ...................................................................................... 16

2.1.3项目状态和商业风险 ............................................................................ 19

2.1.3.1项目成熟度子级 .......................................................................... 19

2.1.3.2储量状态 ..................................................................................... 22

2.1.3.3 经济现状............................................................................................... 24

2.2资源分类 ..................................................................................................................... 24

2.2.1不确定性的范围 ................................................................................... 25

2.2.2分类定义和准则 ................................................................................... 27

2.3提高采收率项目 ......................................................................................................... 29

2.3.1修井、产能处理和设备更换 ................................................................. 29

2.3.2压缩 ..................................................................................................... 32

2.3.3加密井 ................................................................................................. 32

2.4非常规资源 ................................................................................................................. 32

3.0评价和报告准则 ................................................................................ 35

3.1商业性评价 ................................................................................................................ 35

3.1.1基于现金流的资源评价 ........................................................................ 35

3.1.2 经济标准 ............................................................................................. 38

3.1.3 经济限度 ............................................................................................. 41

3.2产量计量 ..................................................................................................................... 41

3.2.1参考点 ................................................................................................. 41

3.2.2油田自用油气....................................................................................... 43

3.2.3湿气或干气 .......................................................................................... 43

3.2.4伴生非烃类组分 ................................................................................... 43

3.2.5天然气回注 .......................................................................................... 43

3.2.6地下储气库 .......................................................................................... 45

3.2.7生产平衡 .............................................................................................. 45

3.3资源赋权和确认 ......................................................................................................... 45

3.3.1采矿费 ................................................................................................. 46

3.3.2产品分成合同的储量 ............................................................................ 48

3.3.3合同延期或续期 ................................................................................... 48

4.0可采量估算 ....................................................................................... 50

4.1分析方法 ..................................................................................................................... 50

4.1.1类比法 ................................................................................................. 50

4.1.3物质平衡 .............................................................................................. 52

4.1.4生产动态分析....................................................................................... 55

4.2决定性法和概率法 ..................................................................................................... 55

4.2.1汇总方法 .............................................................................................. 57

4.2.1.1各类资源汇总........................................................................................ 58

表1：可采资源级别和子级 ..................................................................... 60

表2：储量状态的定义和准则 ................................................................. 66

表3：储量类别的定义和准则 ................................................................. 68

附录A：资源评价使用的术语表 .............................................................. 72

Chinese Translation Foreword

Petroleum resources and reserves represent important assets and values not only for oil and gas companies but also for many oil and gas producing nations. International efforts to standardize the definitions of petroleum resources and how they are estimated began in the 1930s. Several organizations, such as the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE), the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), and the World Petroleum Council (WPC, formally known as the World Petroleum Congress), have made joint or independent efforts in formulating similar guidelines. In the last decade, several efforts converged from collaboration among the various organizations. The Petroleum Resources Management Systems (PRMS) was jointly sponsored and published by SPE, AAPG, WPC and SPEE in 2007. PRMS is quickly gaining increased recognition and adaptation worldwide by national and international organizations and regulatory bodies as well as internal applications for many oil companies. It was a major reference for the establishment of the new SEC reserves reporting rules that became effective January 2010.

Recognizing the wide acceptance and applications of PRMS, the SPE Oil and Gas Reserves Committee (OGRC) decided to translate the PRMS documents into other main languages to maintain the quality and integrity of the document as well as for the convenience of users who are more comfortable with their native languages. At the annual SPE OGRC meeting in October 2009, I was requested to lead the Chinese translation subcommittee. This is a multidisciplinary and complicated task. Like any other work in the society, it must rely on many volunteers to accomplish. The Chinese American Petroleum Association (CAPA) provided great support. In a short time, more than 20 volunteers heeded the call. All are experts in different areas covering all the disciplines in PRMS. At the same time, colleagues in China sent us two versions of their translation, one from PetroChina by Messrs Xin Jiang and Yongxiang Wang, the other from SinoChem by Messrs Shen Zhang and Dajing Zhang. We decided to start from the existing versions and go through several iterations of review and editing before finalizing. The translation criteria are set to be technical accuracy and linguistic fluency in that order. Though all of us on the translation subcommittee have done our best, it is unavoidable that some parts may not be most accurate and/or fluent. Users of this document are welcome to provide feedbacks. In case of any errors or misleading translations in the Chinese version, the original English version has the ultimate authority.

Acknowledgement

We thank SPE and OGRC for the opportunity to serve our Chinese readers of PRMS.

I cordially appreciated all the translation subcommittee members for sacrificing their time and effort and for their meticulous review and edit. The members are (not in any particular order): Bruce Zhucheng Shang, Anping Yang, David Chi, Xueying Xie, Liang-Biao Ouyang, John Yilin Wang, Kathy Wu, Doreen Chin, Chunmei Shi, Fengjun Zhang, Haiping Lu, Feng Liang, Baosheng Liang, Dengen Zhou, Dongjun (Taller) Fu, Yongsheng Zhu, Ying He, Scott Hou, Zhun Li.

We appreciate our colleagues in China: Xin Jiang, Yongxiang Wang, Shen Zhang and Dajing Zhang, whose translations have been great references for this work.

Bruce Z. Shang

PRMS英译中序言

石油资源及储量不仅是石油公司, 而且也是油气生产国家财产和价值的重要代表. 早在十九世纪三十年代, 致力于石油资源的定义与评估标准化的努力在国际就已经开始了. 有几家组织, 像石油工程师学会(SPE) 、 石油评价工程师学会(SPEE)、 美国石油地质师协会(AAPG) 、 和世界石油大会(WPC) 都曾联合、或单独编写过相似的指导纲领. 在过去的十年中, 各组织精心合作, 汇总并于2007年由SPE、 AAPG、SPEE和WPC联合更新、并发表了石油资源管理系统(PRMS). PRMS 一经发表, 不仅世界上许多石油公司都在内部采用, 而且各个国家和国际组织及立法机构也都纷纷接纳采用。 同时, 它也是美国证卷交易委员会 (SEC) 新制订并于2010年一月已开始执行的油气储量报告规则的重要参考来源.

基于PRMS被广泛采用, SPE油气储量委员会(OGRC)决定将该文件译成其它主要语种, 以方便各国同仁, 同时确保翻译质量和忠实于原文并作为SPE的官方译本公布. 在2009年十月的SPE油气储量委员会年会上,委员会征求笔者发起并领导一个中文翻译分会. 这是一项涉及多学科的非常复杂的任务. 像学会的其它工作一样, 都是需要依靠热心的志愿者来完成的. 该任务受到了美国华人石油协会的大力支持. 在很短的时间内, 有二十多名志愿者积极参加翻译分会. 志愿者们都是各个领域的专家, 涵盖了油气资源管理系统所涉及的各个领域. 同时, 我们也很快找到了国内同行的两个参考译本. 一是中国石油公司蒋新翻译、王永祥审核的版本, 另一是中化公司的张申和张达景翻译的版本. 我们决定从参考现有的译本, 进行几轮的分工译审, 最后定稿. 坚持准确性和流畅易读的标准. 尽管各位参与者都很细心努力, 但是仍然会有不妥之处. 恳请各位读者不吝指正. 另外, 凡有翻译不恰当之处, 皆依原版英文文件为主.

鸣谢

感谢石油工程师学会及油气储量委员会提供给我们这次服务于石油业界中文读者的机会.

感谢各位PRMS中文翻译分会会员牺牲业余时间, 积极认真的翻译和审核. 会员名单如下(排名不分先后顺序) 尚柱成, 杨安平, 戚大銳, 谢雪英,欧阳良彪, 王一林, 吴心潮, 覃耘,石春美, 张风军, 卢海萍, 梁峰,梁保升, 周登恩, 傅东钧, 朱永胜,贺莹, 侯硕, 李准.

感谢国内同仁提供的参考译本. 特别鸣谢蒋新、王永祥、张申、张达景.

尚柱成

Petroleum Resources Management System

Preamble

Petroleum resources are the estimated quantities of hydrocarbons naturally occurring on or within the Earth’s crust. Resource assessments estimate total quantities in known and yet-to-be- discovered accumulations; resources evaluations are focused on those quantities that can potentially be recovered and marketed by commercial projects. A petroleum resources management system provides a consistent approach to estimating petroleum quantities, evaluating development projects, and presenting results within a comprehensive classification framework.

International efforts to standardize the definitions of petroleum resources and how they are estimated began in the 1930s. Early guidance focused on Proved Reserves. Building on work initiated by the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE), SPE published definitions for all Reserves categories in 1987. In the same year, the World Petroleum Council (WPC, then known as the World Petroleum Congress), working independently, published Reserves definitions that were strikingly similar. In 1997, the two organizations jointly released a single set of definitions for Reserves that could be used worldwide. In 2000, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), SPE, and WPC jointly developed a classification system for all petroleum resources. This was followed by additional supporting documents: supplemental application evaluation guidelines (2001) and a glossary of terms utilized in resources definitions (2005). SPE also published standards for estimating and auditing reserves information (revised 2007).

These definitions and the related classification system are now in common use internationally within the petroleum industry. They provide a measure of comparability and reduce the subjective nature of resources estimation. However, the technologies employed in petroleum exploration, development, production, and processing continue to evolve and improve. The SPE Oil and Gas Reserves Committee works closely with other organizations to maintain the definitions and issues periodic revisions to keep current with evolving technologies and changing commercial opportunities.

This document consolidates, builds on, and replaces guidance previously contained in the 1997 Petroleum Reserves Definitions, the 2000 Petroleum Resources Classification and Definitions publications, and the 2001 “Guidelines for the Evaluation of Petroleum Reserves and Resources”; the latter document remains a valuable source of more detailed background information, and specific chapters are referenced herein. Appendix A is a consolidated glossary of terms used in resources evaluations and replaces those published in 2005.

These definitions and guidelines are designed to provide a common reference for the international petroleum industry, including national reporting and regulatory disclosure agencies, and to support petroleum project and portfolio management requirements. They are intended to improve clarity in global communications regarding petroleum resources. It is expected that this document will be supplemented with industry education programs and application guides addressing their implementation in a wide spectrum of technical and/or commercial settings.

It is understood that these definitions and guidelines allow flexibility for users and agencies to tailor application for their particular needs; however, any modifications to the guidance contained herein should be clearly identified. The definitions and guidelines contained in this document must not be construed as modifying the interpretation or application of any existing regulatory reporting requirements.

This SPE/WPC/AAPG/SPEE Petroleum Resources Management System document, including its Appendix, may be referred to by the abbreviated term “SPE-PRMS” with the caveat that the full title, including clear recognition of the co-sponsoring organizations, has been initially stated.

石油资源管理系统

序言

石油资源是地壳中自然形成的碳氢化合物即烃类。石油资源评估就是估算已知的和待发现的烃类总量；而资源评价则侧重于那些能被采出和出售的具有商业价值的的烃类数量。石油资源管理系统提供一套统一的方法用于估算石油资源量、评价开发项目，并在完整的资源分类框架下汇报评价结果。

国际上石油资源相关定义和评估方法标准化始于二十世纪三十年代。早期准则侧重在已证实储量。在石油评估工程师学会（SPEE）开创性工作的基础上，石油工程师学会（SPE）于1987年发布了储量分类的定义。同年，世界石油大会（WPC）独立制定并发布了与石油工程师学会惊人相似的储量定义。在1997年，这两个组织联合发布了一套统一的，可在世界上通用的储量定义。在2000年，美国石油地质协会（AAPG）、石油工程师学会（SPE）和世界石油大会（WPC）联合发布了石油资源的分类系统。随后，用于支持该分类系统的一些附加文件也陆续出版：如补充应用评价准则（2001年）和资源定义相关术语汇编（2005年）。石油工程师学会（SPE）还发布了评估和审计储量资料的标准（修订本2007年）。

目前, 这些储量定义和相关的分类系统在世界石油界广泛使用。它们不仅提供了量度的可比性，而且降低资源估算的主观性。但是，石油勘探、开发、生产和加工处理所采用的技术还在不断发展和改进; 因此，石油工程师学会（SPE）下属的石油和天然气储量委员会与其他组织密切合作，定期更新和修订相关定义及标准，以适应日新月异的技术和不断变化的商机。

本文件旨在改进并取代以前的有关准则，包括1997年的石油储量定义，2000年的石油资源的分类及定义、和2001年的石油储量和资源评价准则。2001年的石油储量和资源评价准则依然很有参考价值：它提供了很多详细的背景资料（本文件即参考了其中的一些特定章节）。附录A提供一套汇总的资源评价术语词表，这些词汇表取代2005年的相关版本。

本文中的定义和准则为国际石油工业、包括国家的报告和法规发布机构、提供了公用参考，并支持石油项目和资产组合管理的需求。它们旨在提高全球石油资源交流方面的透明度。预期将有工业教育课程和应用指南以辅助本文和推进在技术及商业领域的广泛实施。

Launch Windows Explorer.lnk当然，这些定义和准则应允许用户和机构根据其特定需要，适当地修改或调整应用。但是，对于本文件的准则的任何修改都应清楚地标明。本文件的定义和准则绝不能理解成是对任何现有监管报告要求的解释或其应用的修改。

该SPE/WPC/AAPG/SPEE石油资源管理系统及其附录可被简称为“SPE-PRMS”，条件是必须事先明确标明该文件的全称及所有的发起组织。

1.0 Basic Principles and Definitions

The estimation of petroleum resource quantities involves the interpretation of volumes and values that have an inherent degree of uncertainty. These quantities are associated with development projects at various stages of design and implementation. Use of a consistent classification system enhances comparisons between projects, groups of projects, and total company portfolios according to forecast production profiles and recoveries. Such a system must consider both technical and commercial factors that impact the project’s economic feasibility, its productive life, and its related cash flows.

1.1 Petroleum Resources Classification Framework

Petroleum is defined as a naturally occurring mixture consisting of hydrocarbons in the gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. Petroleum may also contain non-hydrocarbons, common examples of which are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur. In rare cases, non-hydrocarbon content could be greater than 50%.

The term “resources” as used herein is intended to encompass all quantities of petroleum naturally occurring on or within the Earth’s crust, discovered and undiscovered (recoverable and unrecoverable), plus those quantities already produced. Further, it includes all types of petroleum whether currently considered “conventional” or “unconventional.”

Figure 1-1 is a graphical representation of the SPE/WPC/AAPG/SPEE resources classification system. The system defines the major recoverable resources classes: Production, Reserves, Contingent Resources, and Prospective Resources, as well as Unrecoverable petroleum.

Figure 1-1: Resources Classification Framework.

The “Range of Uncertainty” reflects a range of estimated quantities potentially recoverable from an accumulation by a project, while the vertical axis represents the “Chance of Commerciality, that is, the chance that the project that will be developed and reach commercial producing status. The following

definitions apply to the major subdivisions within the resources classification:

1.0基本原则和定义

石油资源量的评估涉及对各种体积和数据的解释，这些体积和数据本身具有一定程度的不确定性。 石油资源量又与开发项目的设计和实施阶段联系在一起。根据预测的产量剖面和采油量，使用一致的分类体系可提高项目、项目组合和公司的总投资组合之间的可对比性。这一分类体系必须考虑到影响项目的经济可行性、生产年限和相关现金流的技术和商业因素。

1.1石油资源分类框架

石油是指以气态、液态和固态自然存在的碳氢化合物。石油也可以含有非碳氢化合物。常见的有二氧化碳、氮、硫化氢和硫。这些非碳氢化合物的成分偶尔可以超过50%。

本文使用的“资源（resources）”一词涵盖地壳中自然形成的所有石油量，包括已发现的，未发现的（可采的和不可采的），和已经产出的石油量。此外，它还包括所有类型的石油，无论目前被视为“常规”或“非常规”的石油。

图1-1显示了SPE/WPC/AAPG/SPEE的资源分类体系。该体系定义了主要的可采资源类别：产量（Production）、储量（Reserves）、有条件潜在资源[1]（Contingent Resources）和远景资源（Prospective Resources），以及不可采的石油量（Unrecoverable petroleum）。

产量

证实

（Proved）

次经济 1C 概算 （Probable） 储量2P 可能 （Possible） 条件(潜在)资源2C3C 商业性机会增加 3P 经济 1P

总石油原地量（PIIP） 已发现原地量 不可采量

未发现原地量 低估算量 远景资源最佳估算量 不可采量

不确定性范围

无比例 高估算量

[1] Contingent Resources 的内涵是指钻探发现油气以后，由于存在市场、开采技术和商业性规模等不确定因素，暂不完全符合储量四个要素的那部分储量，我国现行的资源/储量分类也无法涵盖这一类别。从储量分类研究的发展趋势的角度，我们译为“条件潜在储量”因为Contingent 强调开发条件而非强调油气是否存在的可能性.

图1-1 资源分类框架

“不确定性范围（Range of Uncertainty）”反映了一个项目从某一石油聚集中潜在可采数量的评估范围。图1-1的纵轴表示“商业性的概率（Chance of Commerciality）”，即该项目投入开发和达到商业生产状态的概率。下列定义适用于资源分类的主要组成部分：

TOTAL PETROLEUM INITIALLY-IN-PLACE is that quantity of petroleum that is estimated to exist originally in naturally occurring accumulations. It includes that quantity of petroleum that is estimated, as of a given date, to be contained in known accumulations prior to production plus those estimated quantities in accumulations yet to be discovered (equivalent to “total resources”). DISCOVERED PETROLEUM INITIALLY-IN-PLACE is that quantity of petroleum that is estimated, as of a given date, to be contained in known accumulations prior to production.

PRODUCTION is the cumulative quantity of petroleum that has been recovered at a given date. While all recoverable resources are estimated and production is measured in terms of the sales product specifications, raw production (sales plus non-sales) quantities are also measured and required to support engineering analyses based on reservoir voidage (see Production Measurement, section 3.2).

Multiple development projects may be applied to each known accumulation, and each project will recover an estimated portion of the initially-in-place quantities. The projects shall be subdivided into Commercial and Sub-Commercial, with the estimated recoverable quantities being classified as Reserves and Contingent Resources respectively, as defined below.

RESERVES are those quantities of petroleum anticipated to be commercially recoverable by application of development projects to known accumulations from a given date forward under defined conditions. Reserves must further satisfy four criteria: they must be discovered, recoverable, commercial, and remaining (as of the evaluation date) based on the development project(s) applied. Reserves are further categorized in accordance with the level of certainty associated with the estimates and may be sub-classified based on project maturity and/or characterized by development and production status.

CONTINGENT RESOURCES are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from known accumulations, but the applied project(s) are not yet considered mature enough for commercial development due to one or more contingencies. Contingent Resources may include, for example, projects for which there are currently no viable markets, or where commercial recovery is dependent on technology under development, or where evaluation of the accumulation is insufficient to clearly assess commerciality. Contingent Resources are further categorized in accordance with the level of certainty associated with the estimates and may be subclassified based on project maturity and/or characterized by their economic status.

UNDISCOVERED PETROLEUM INITIALLY-IN-PLACE is that quantity of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be contained within accumulations yet to be discovered.

PROSPECTIVE RESOURCES are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from undiscovered accumulations by application of future development projects. Prospective Resources have both an associated chance of discovery and a chance of development. Prospective Resources are further subdivided in accordance with the level of certainty associated with recoverable estimates assuming their discovery and development and may be sub-classified based on project maturity.

UNRECOVERABLE is that portion of Discovered or Undiscovered Petroleum Initially-in-Place quantities which is estimated, as of a given date, not to be recoverable by future development projects. A portion of these quantities may become recoverable in the future as commercial circumstances change or technological developments occur; the remaining portion may never be recovered due to physical/chemical constraints represented by subsurface interaction of fluids and reservoir rocks.

总石油原地量（TOTAL PETROLEUM INITIALLY-IN-PLACE）是指原始存在于自然形成的石油聚集中的油气估算量。它包括在某给定日期所估算的生产之前油藏中存在的石油量以及尚未发现的石油量(相当于总资源量)。

已发现石油原地量（DISCOVERED PETROLEUM INITIALLY-IN-PLACE）已发现石油原地量是在某给定日期所估算的、在生产之前存在于已知聚集中的石油量。

产量是在某一时间之前累计产出的石油。虽然所有可采资源和产量都是以商业出售量作为计量单位，但是原始产量(销售量和非销售量)也需要计量的,以便进行油藏亏空的工程分析（见3.2节，产量计量）。

一个石油聚集可以有多个开发项目，每个开发项目可开采原始原地资源量的一部分。开发项目可划分为商业性的和次商业性的，相应资源则分为储量和条件潜在资源量。定义如下:

储量是在规定的条件下，从一个给定日期开始，通过对已知的石油聚集实施开发而预期可商业开采的石油量。储量必须进一步满足四个标准：已发现的、可开采的、具商业价值的和从既定开发项目实施起截止到评估日期而尚未产出的剩余量。依据评估的确定性程度，储量可进一步分类; 以项目成熟度, 储量再进一步分级; 还可以根据开发及生产状态对项目进行描述。

条件潜在资源(条件资源)是截止一个给定日期，通过实施开发项目，从已知的石油聚集中潜在可采出的油气估算量，但由于一个或多个条件，实施商业开发项目还尚未成熟。例如，潜在储量可以包括：目前没有可行市场的，或商业开采需依靠技术的进一步发展，以及对油气聚集的评价还不能充分地确认其商业性。依据评估的确定性程度，条件储量可进一步分类; 以项目成熟度可进一步分级; 也可根据经济状态对其进一步描述。

未发现石油原地量（UNDISCOVERED PETROLEUM INITIALLY-IN-PLACE）是截止一个给定日期在未发现石油聚集中的石油估算量。

远景资源是截止一个给定日期，通过未来开发项目的实施，未发现的石油聚集中潜在可开采的石油估算量。远景资源有相关的发现概率和开发概率两个因素。假设远景资源可发现和可开发，按照可开采的评估确定性程度可进一步分类, 也可按项目成熟度进一步分级。

不可采量（UNRECOVERABLE）是截止一个给定日期估计的未来开发项目不能采出的已发现或未发现的油气藏中原地资源量.一部分不可采量在将来由于经济和技术条件的变化,可能转化为可采量，但剩余部分则由于地下流体和储层的相互作用所代表的物理和化学方面的限制,可能永远都不会被采出。

Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) is not a resources category, but a term that may be applied to any accumulation or group of accumulations (discovered or undiscovered) to define those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable under defined technical and commercial conditions plus those quantities already produced (total of recoverable resources).

In specialized areas, such as basin potential studies, alternative terminology has been used; the total resources may be referred to as Total Resource Base or Hydrocarbon Endowment. Total recoverable or EUR may be termed Basin Potential. The sum of Reserves, Contingent Resources, and Prospective Resources may be referred to as “remaining recoverable resources.” When such terms are used, it is important that each classification component of the summation also be provided. Moreover, these quantities should not be aggregated without due consideration of the varying degrees of technical and commercial risk involved with their classification.

1.2 Project-Based Resources Evaluations

The resources evaluation process consists of identifying a recovery project, or projects, associated with a petroleum accumulation(s), estimating the quantities of Petroleum Initially-in- Place, estimating that portion of those in-place quantities that can be recovered by each project, and classifying the project(s) based on its maturity status or chance of commerciality.

This concept of a project-based classification system is further clarified by examining the primary data sources contributing to an evaluation of net recoverable resources (see Figure 1-2) that may be described as follows:

Figure 1-2: Resources Evaluation Data Sources.

z The Reservoir (accumulation): Key attributes include the types and quantities of Petroleum

Initially-in-Place and the fluid and rock properties that affect petroleum recovery.

z The Project: Each project applied to a specific reservoir development generates a unique

production and cash flow schedule. The time integration of these schedules taken to the project’s technical, economic, or contractual limit defines the estimated recoverable resources and associated future net cash flow projections for each project. The ratio of EUR to Total Initially-in-Place quantities defines the ultimate recovery efficiency for the development project(s).

A project may be defined at various levels and stages of maturity; it may include one or many wells and associated production and processing facilities. One project may develop many reservoirs, or many projects may be applied to one reservoir.

z The Property (lease or license area): Each property may have unique associated contractual rights

and obligations including the fiscal terms. Such information allows definition of each participant’s share of produced quantities (entitlement) and share of investments, expenses, and revenues for each recovery project and the reservoir to which it is applied. One property may encompass many reservoirs, or one reservoir may span several different properties. A property may contain both

discovered and undiscovered accumulations.

估算最终可采量（Estimated Ultimate Recovery，EUR）不是一个资源类别，但这个术语可以适用于任何一个或一组油气聚集（发现的或未发现的）, 用来定义在给定日期和特定技术及商业条件下, 潜在可采油气估算量加上已产出量（可采资源的总量）。

在一些特定的领域，如在盆地潜力研究中，也使用不同的术语，例如总资源可以称为总资源基数或烃类赋存。总可采量或最终可采量（EUR）可以称为盆地潜力。储量、条件储量和远景资源的总和可以称为“剩余可采资源”。在使用这些术语时，同时提供每个类别组成部分是非常重要的。此外，如果没有适当考虑各类别所包含的不同程度的技术和商业风险，这些不同类别的数量不应混合使用。

1.2基于项目的资源评价

资源评价过程包括确定与某油气聚集相关的一个或多个项目, 评估石油原地量和每个开发项目的可采量，以及根据成熟程度或商业概率对项目分级。

通过分析净可采资源评价的主要数据来源, 我们可以进一步阐明以项目为基础的分级体系概念，如下所述（见图1-2）。

图1-2 资源评价数据来源 z 油藏（油气聚集）：关键属性包括油气类型和原地量以及影响油气开采的流体和岩石性质。

z 项目：每个开发项目产生一个特定的生产计划和现金流量。这些生产计划和现金流量受制

于项目的技术、经济或合同限度，其时间整合将决定每个项目的可采资源估算量和未来相

应的净现金流量。 EUR占总原地量的比例则是开发项目的最终采收率。一个项目可以定

义在不同成熟水平和阶段，它可以包括一口或多口井、包括与这些井有关的产量和处理设

施。一个项目可以开发多个油藏，或者多个项目开发一个油藏。

z 资产（租赁或许可区）：每个资产都可能有独特的相关合同权利与义务，包括财政条款。

这些条款规定了各参与者的权益产量、投资份额、费用和每一个油藏开发项目的收入。一

个资产可包括多个油藏，或者一个油藏可形成多个资产，资产可以是已发现油藏，也可以

是未发现油藏。

In context of this data relationship, “project” is the primary element considered in this resources classification, and net recoverable resources are the incremental quantities derived from each project. Project represents the link between the petroleum accumulation and the decision-making process. A project may, for example, constitute the development of a single reservoir or field, or an incremental development for a producing field, or the integrated development of several fields and associated facilities with a common ownership. In general, an individual project will represent the level at which a decision is made whether or not to proceed (i.e., spend more money) and there should be an associated range of estimated recoverable quantities for that project.

An accumulation or potential accumulation of petroleum may be subject to several separate and distinct projects that are at different stages of exploration or development. Thus, an accumulation may have recoverable quantities in several resource classes simultaneously.

In order to assign recoverable resources of any class, a development plan needs to be defined consisting of one or more projects. Even for Prospective Resources, the estimates of recoverable quantities must be stated in terms of the sales products derived from a development program assuming successful discovery and commercial development. Given the major uncertainties involved at this early stage, the development program will not be of the detail expected in later stages of maturity. In most cases, recovery efficiency may be largely based on analogous projects. In-place quantities for which a feasible project cannot be defined using current or reasonably forecast improvements in, technology are classified as Unrecoverable.

Not all technically feasible development plans will be commercial. The commercial viability of a development project is dependent on a forecast of the conditions that will exist during the time period encompassed by the project’s activities (see Commercial Evaluations, section 3.1). “Conditions” include technological, economic, legal, environmental, social, and governmental factors. While economic factors can be summarized as forecast costs and product prices, the underlying influences include, but are not limited to, market conditions, transportation and processing infrastructure, fiscal terms, and taxes.

The resource quantities being estimated are those volumes producible from a project as measured according to delivery specifications at the point of sale or custody transfer (see Reference Point, section 3.2.1). The cumulative production from the evaluation date forward to cessation of production is the remaining recoverable quantity. The sum of the associated annual net cash flows yields the estimated future net revenue. When the cash flows are discounted according to a defined discount rate and time period, the summation of the discounted cash flows is termed net present value (NPV) of the project (see Evaluation and Reporting Guidelines, section 3.0).

The supporting data, analytical processes, and assumptions used in an evaluation should be documented in sufficient detail to allow an independent evaluator or auditor to clearly understand the basis for estimation and categorization of recoverable quantities and their classification.

2.0 Classification and Categorization Guidelines

To consistently characterize petroleum projects, evaluations of all resources should be conducted in the context of the full classification system as shown in Figure 1-1. These guidelines reference this classification system and support an evaluation in which projects are “classified” based on their chance of commerciality (the vertical axis) and estimates of recoverable and marketable quantities associated with each project are “categorized” to reflect uncertainty (the horizontal axis). The actual workflow of classification vs. categorization varies with individual projects and is often an iterative analysis process leading to a final report. “Report,” as used herein, refers to the presentation of evaluation results within the business entity conducting the assessment and should not be construed as replacing guidelines for public disclosures under guidelines established by regulatory and/or other government agencies.

在此数据关系的背景下的，“项目”是该资源分类中首要考虑的元素，而净可采资源量是来自每个项目所产生的增量。项目代表油气聚集和决策过程之间的联系，举例来说，一个项目可能是一个单一的油藏或油田的开发，或者是对于一个生产中的油田逐步开发，又或者是在一个共有的多个油田及相关设施的综合开发。一般而言，一个独立的项目不仅代表该项目是否要实施这一决策层面（例如，花更多的钱）, 而且还代表其可采量的估算范围。

一个石油聚集或潜在石油聚集可能属于若干分开的和不同的项目，这些项目处于不同勘探或开发阶段。因此，一个石油聚集可能同时有几个资源级别的可采量。

为了确定某级别的可采资源量，我们需要制定一个由一个或多个项目构成的开发计划。即使是远景资源量，可采石油的估计也必须是基于假定能够成功发现的、商业开发的和出售的产品。由于早期阶段的不确定性很大，这种开发方案将不如成熟阶段的开发方案所期望的那样详细。在许多情况下，采收率主要是依据类比结果。使用当前和合理预期的未来技术不能立项开采的原地资源量应划分为不可采量。

并非所有在技术上可行的开发计划都能够商业化。一个开发项目的商业可行性依赖于项目执行期间的预测条件（见第3.1商业性评价）。“条件”包括技术的、经济的、法律的、环境的、社会的和政府因素。而经济因素可以概括为预测成本和产品价格，潜在的影响因素包括（但不仅限于）市场条件、运输及基础加工设施、财政条款和税金。

估算资源量是开发项目中能够用销售点或输油监测点（见第3.2.1基准点）的交货条款衡量出的产量。从评估日期开始到停止生产期间累计产量是剩余可采量。相应的年度净现金流量总和就是未来净收入。当现金流以某一折现率和折现期折现后，折现现金流的总和就是项目的净现值(NPV)。

在一个资源评估中应足够详细地记录所使用的支持数据、分析过程和假定条件，以便能让独立的评估师或审计师清楚地理解可采量分类、评估和分级的依据。

2.0分级和分类准则

为了对石油项目有一致的描述，所有资源的评价应在图1-1所示的完整分类系统中进行。这些准则参照这个分类系统以帮助资源评价。其中，项目按商业机会（纵轴）进行“分级”，并按每个项目涉及的可采及市场估算量进行“分类”，以反映其不确定性（横轴）。实际的分类与分级工作流程随具体项目而变化，往往经过反复的分析过程才能得到最终报告。此处所用的“报告（Report）”一词是指在商业实体内部进行评估时，对评价结果的展示，不应该视其能取代公众披露准则。公众披露准则是在监管和其他政府机构的法规下设立的。

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