新视野大学英语视听说教程4（第二版）听力原文与答案

Unit 1 Enjoy your feelings!

Lead in II

(1)M: I'm beside myself with joy. I'm so lucky. Guess what? I've won a

lot of money in the lottery. W: Q:

Really? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right? What does the woman mean?

(2)W: Mary was furious when her son wrecked up her car. M: Q:

He shouldn't have driven a car on his own without a driver's license. He's still taking driving lessons. What do we know about Mary's son?

(3)M: Susan, I hear you're going to marry that guy. Maybe you'll regret

it. W: Q:

Is that so? Only time will tell. What does the woman imply?

(4)M: Mary, I just want to say how sorry I was to learn of your mother's

passing. I know how close you two were. W: Q:

Thank you. It was so sudden. I'm still in a state of shock. I don't know what to do.

Which of the following is true?

(5)W: I get furious at work when my opinions aren't considered just because

I'm a woman. M: Q:

You should air your views more emphatically and demand that your voice be heard.

What is the woman complaining about?

C B D A D l Listening In

Task 1 what a clumsy man!

Maria: Jack, can you help me move this heavy box?

Jack: No problem, Maria. Here let me lift this end... Oops! Maria: Ouch! My foot! Come on, can't you be a little more cautious? Jack: I'm so sorry. It was an accident. No need to be furious!

Maria: You're always so clumsy, Jack. I'm really losing my patience with all the

stupid mistakes you make around the office. Jack: Calm down, Maria; I'll certainly be more careful next time. This was just

an accident. Maria: If you aren't more careful, then next time someone could be badly hurt. Oh,

look! The glass in the box is all broken now. Mr. Johnson is going to fly into a rage. Jack: Oh no! What can I do to keep him from hitting the roof?

Maria: Well, you can begin by helping me clean up the mess and then honestly tell

him about your mistake. Jack: Maybe if I offer to pay for the damage, he won't be so angry. What do you

think? Maria: That might help solve the problem, though it could be quite expensive to

replace it. Jack: Well, I'm willing to do what it takes to keep Mr. Johnson from exploding.

I need to keep my job!

Keys: A C D C B

Task 2 causes of depression

Hello, everyone. Today I invite you to join me in an exploration of the causes of depression. There are many factors involved, but I believe some deserve special attention.

Heredity certainly plays a role. The tendency to develop depression may be inherited; there is evidence that this disorder may run in families. Physiology is another factor related to depression. There may be changes or imbalances in chemicals which transmit information in the brain, called neurotransmitters. Many modern antidepressant drugs attempt to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters so as to increase brain communication.

While the causal relationship is unclear, it is known that antidepressant medications do relieve certain symptoms of depression.

Researchers also study psychological factors. They include the complex development of one's personality and how one has learned to cope with external environmental factors, such as stress. It is frequently observed that low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression. While it is not clear which is the cause and which is the effect, it is known that sufferers who are able to make corrections to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.

Another factor causing depression is one's early experiences. Events such as the death of a parent, the divorce of the parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can increase the likelihood of depression later in life.

Some present experiences may also lead to depression. Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or other painful events may trigger depression. Long-term stress at home, work, or school can also be involved.

It is worth noting that those living with someone suffering from

depression experience increased anxiety, which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.

Keys: (1)families (2)chemicals (3)information (4) certain symptoms (5)self-esteem (6)thinking patterns (7)mood (8)divorce (9)physical abuse (10)financial difficulties (11)stress (12)anxiety Task 3 happiness index

Australians were the happiest people in the world according to a survey undertaken by two market researchers. They conducted

door-to-door surveys and interviews with nearly 30,000 people in 30 countries. They asked respondents how satisfied they were with their overall quality of life. Forty-six percent of Australians proclaimed to be \happy\and expressed optimism about their future. Following them in the \India (34 percent) and the UK and Canada (32 percent). Hungary got the wooden spoon, finishing bottom of the happiness chart. Thirty-five

percent of its citizens said they were either %unhappy\

The research demonstrated that money and age were key determinants in how happy people are. Although the study did not indicate money could buy happiness, it did reveal a link between a lack of money and unhappiness. Less happy populations were found among lower-income groups or the unemployed.

The study also suggested that on the whole, the older we become, the less happy we are. Globally, teenagers are the happiest people. The age group with the lowest levels of happiness was 50-59. Only 16 percent of those in their 50s said they were very happy.

The factors that make us happy include good health, financial security and a happy marriage. Material comforts such as cars, clothes and gadgets ranked comparatively low.

Keys: B D A A C l Let’s Talk

When I first met my parents, I was really shy, and I was, and I was in my foster home and I ran upstairs, shy, and I was in my bedroom crying, and my mum came up and said, \mum, 'cause I didn't know her and I was scared. So, then my foster mum came up and I came down and we had some fun time. It was nice when I first arrived. I thought, \now it's just, \about her rabbits, 'cause she doesn't let me touch them. Well she does, but...

When I have a bit of a bad time with my sister, I go and speak with my mum and my dad. I feel most comfortable speaking to my dad about all my worries and stuff. I wish I had a brother in this family, but then it's just nice (being...) having two sisters, but I'd rather have a brother anyway. I mix with different people. I'm mostly friends with adults, 'cause I normally see adults more than children for some reason, I don't know why. It was scary going from my primary school to secondary school, but then that's just me growing up, and I've got to take the chances and take, just take what I've learned already and just move on and learn different things.

Keys: (1) shy (2) crying (3)scared (4) came down (5) fun (6) nice (7) two sisters (8) argue (9) touch (10) bad time (11) speak (12) comfortable (13) brother (14) adults (15) children (16) secondary (17) growing up (18) learn

l Further Listening and Speaking Task 1: Big John is coming!

A bar owner in the Old West just hired a timid bartender. The owner of the establishment was giving his new employee some instructions on running the place. He told the timid man, \you ever hear that Big John is coming to town, drop everything and run for the hills! He's the biggest, nastiest outlaw who's ever lived!\

A few weeks passed uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhand came running through town yelling, \lives!\

When the bartender left the bar to start running, he was knocked to the ground by several townspeople rushing out of town. As he was picking himself up, he saw a large man, almost seven feet tall. He was muscular, and was growling as he approached the bar.

He stepped up to the door, ordered the poor bartender inside, and demanded, \

And with one strike of his heavy fist, he split the bar in half. The bartender nervously handed the big man a beer, hands shaking. He took the beer, bit the top of the bottle off, and downed the beer in one gulp. As the terrified bartender hid behind the bar, the big man got up to leave. \\town! Didn't you hear Big John is coming?\

(S1) owner (S2) running

(S3) drop (S4) run (S5) local (S6) yelling, (S7) lives

(S8) As he was picking himself up, he saw a large man, almost seven feet tall.

(S9) The bartender nervously handed the big man a beer, hands shaking. (S10)I got to get out of town! Didn't you hear Big John is coming Task 2 Reason and emotion

Emotion is sometimes regarded as the opposite of reason, as is suggested by phrases such as \to emotions rather than reason\and \let your emotions take over\

consequences or thoughts which people may later regret or disagree with; but during an emotional state, they cannot control themselves. Thus, it is generally believed that one of the most distinctive facts about human beings is the contradiction between emotion and reason.

However, recent empirical studies do not suggest that there is a clear distinction between reason and emotion. Indeed, anger or fear can often be thought of as an instinctive response to observed facts. The human mind possesses many possible reactions to the external world. Those reactions can lie on a continuum, with some of them involving the extreme of pure intellectual logic, which is often called \the extreme of pure emotion not related to any logical argument, which is called \merits careful study. Passion, emotion, or feeling can reinforce an argument, even one based primarily on reason. This is especially true in religion or ideology, which frequently demands an all-or-nothing

rejection or acceptance. In such areas of thought, human beings have to adopt a comprehensive view partly backed by empirical argument and partly by feeling and passion. Moreover, several researchers have suggested that typically there is no \thought; that is, no thought is

based \—most decisions are founded on a mixture of both.

Key : A B C C D

Task 3 Every cloud has a silver lining

Pat: You look depressed. Are you feeling blue? I've come to cheer you up. Ted: But there's nothing that can cheer me up. I'm down in the dumps. Life's

miserable. Pat: You have to try to get your mind off things.

Ted: But I can't. I just feel there's too much pressure on me sometimes! Pat: You can't let things get you down. Learn to relax and stop worrying all the

time. What's your problem anyway? Ted: I failed my last exam, and another exam is coming. What can I do? Pat: If I were you, I'd start working hard. If you work hard for a long time,

you're bound to get better grades. You see, \Ted: It's easier said than done. I get bored after reading only for 15 minutes.

Pat: You have to learn some self-discipline.

Ted: Worse than that! If I work for half an hour, I get a headache. Then I start

to worry about passing the next exam. Pat: It's all in your mind. Stay cheerful and everything will soon be OK. Ted: But how can I stay cheerful all the time? Pat: Try to look on the bright side of things. Ted: But what if there isn't a bright side?

Pat: You know the saying: Every cloud has a silver lining. It means there're

always two sides of everything—both the dark and bright sides. So, try to identify your strengths and then bring them into full play. Ted: Oh no! Your old sayings are making me even more depressed.

Key : T F F T F l Viewing and speaking

Reporter:

They are, of course, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, but when

a certain Dr. Livingstone chanced upon them 150 years ago, one can only presume he didn't indulge in this...

Attendant: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 BUNGEE! Reporter:

The Victoria Falls, long a favourite with tourists, now a mecca for bungee jumpers from across the globe. They launch themselves from the bridge spanning the magnificent gorge. At 111 metres, it's the highest natural bungee jump in the world.

It just goes by so fast and just you don't really know what's happening. Simple as that, you don't know what's happening. Um, it's pretty awesome, yeah it's cool!

Briton Tim Barker is nervously contemplating his first ever jump; the first time he's trusted his life to an ankle harness and an elasticated rope.

You gotta check one...

Man:

Woman: Reporter:

Attendant #1: Attendant #2: Attendant #1:

Check two...

You gotta check one and two...

Tim Barker: I'm crazy. I don't know. Attendant: A bit of adrenalin? Tim Barker: No, I think I'm stupid! Attendant: BUNGEE! Reporter:

Are you glad you did it?

Tim Barker: Yeah, I am. I'd never do it again though. No way! Reporter:

The world's bungee aficionados describe this as the ultimate thrill,

what you might call the alternative Victoria Falls. The experts are already taking danger to the limits, plunging into the Zambezi before springing back skywards. But if sheer fear isn't enough to deter you, the price, ￡60 a jump, probably will. These thrills don't come cheap!

Key ： (1) Seven (2) 150 (3) favourite (4) bridge (5) 111 (6) fast (7) Simple (8) trusted (9) stupid (10) did (11) No way (12) ultimate (13)

limits (14) skywards (15)￡60 (16)cheap

Unit 2 Beauty can be bought. Ifdaehibcj II

(1)W: M:

Did you hear that Helen got that modeling job? Her dream was coming true. Wow, that's great! All that walking practice really paid off. And for

once she won't be complaining about being so tall. Why did Helen get the modeling job?

Julia, come and see the Miss America contest on TV. All those beautiful women are walking around in bathing suits, so the judges can decide who has the best figure.

Bah! That's the worst kind of exploitation. They are treating women like toys for people to enjoy. I would never take part in this kind of contest. What do the speakers think about the beauty contest?

What shall I do? I'm fat. I want to be slim and beautiful, but I'm fat. I've tried all the new diet—high carb, low carb—but nothing works. Those diets are just fads, popular for a while and then forgotten. Just follow the usual diet with fruits, vegetables, fish, water, and get plenty of exercise. Before long you'll see results. What has the woman tried?

W1: I think Lily is really attractive.

She's half Spanish and has this really sultry look about her.

Q: (2)M:

W:

Q: (3)W:

M:

Q:

(4) W2: That explains why she tans so well.

I've always been jealous of her skin color in the summer.

Q: Which of the following is true of Lily?

(5)M: Trust me. It was right there on the Internet: \

a faster rate among men\their appearance.

W:

I saw it too on the news. Facelifts, nose jobs, and Botox to hide wrinkles are now very popular with men. They say it's for business reasons, but we know it's vanity.

What does the woman think the real reason is for men to have plastic surgery?

Q:

BACDB III 1.

Susan:

Rebecca, nice to run into you here. Shopping for anything special?

Rebecca: Yes, Susan, makeup. You know, there's a new boy in my law class and I want

to make an impression on him. Susan:

I'm the one who wears makeup, not you. I've always thought you looked very attractive without makeup—you know, sort of natural.

Rebecca: Well, thanks, Susan, but most girls wear makeup these days and I want to

compete. Susan:

Maybe I can help. My suggestion is that you start with a good makeup base. Look here, this one is made from natural products from the Dead Sea, so it won't irritate your skin.

Rebecca: OK. A bit expensive, but I guess I'm worth it. What's next? Susan:

You want to give a good overall impression. You have beautiful eyes, so you should highlight them with some mascara to make your eyelashes look fuller and thicker.

Rebecca: I'll buy this one—also made from natural products. How about eyeliner

too? Susan:

Yes, but you want a subtle color to bring out the green in your eyes... without looking like a clown!

Rebecca: That's what I want... to make other girls into green-eyed monsters. How

does this one look? Susan:

Good choice. Now if we can add a bit of color to your cheeks, you will be the classiest of the class.

Rebecca: Thanks! But you haven't said anything about lipstick. I'll need a tube

of that, too.

Susan:

This color will perfectly complement to the rest of your makeup. You look elegant and classy.

CAADB

2.Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I hope you'll find it interesting

learning how to be fashionable without spending too much money. Sure, some famous stars always look stylish. They have unlimited clothing budgets that put the latest looks at their fingertips! But you can also look amazing without spending lots of money on your wardrobe. Simply try the following suggestions on for size.

First, make seasonal purchases; that is, you should buy winter coats, leather jackets, bathing suits, and summer dresses at the end of the season. You'll get major discounts as you stock up for the next year.

If you want clothes to wear right now, go to discount stores. They may not be the place to buy an expensive evening dress, but they're perfect for buying things like T-shirts.

There is yet another cheap way to buy stylish clothes. Many department stores have store brands, which offer current styles but are much cheaper than big-name brands.

To save money, an important principle is not to buy \exception of suits, interchangeable pieces are more affordable. Wear-with-anything pieces are always a good buy. For example, you can almost always wear a pair of black trousers and a white dress shirt; you can wear them several times a week, paired with different accessories. Accessories such as nice shoes and fashionable bags make even the simplest outfit look polished.

Finally, a great haircut always helps. When your hair looks fabulous, you look more stylish and fashionable.

Correct answer the end discounts

T-shirts big-name brands Interchangeable pieces black trousers several times simplest

stylish and fashionable

3.A beauty contest, or beauty pageant, is based mainly, though not only,

on the physical beauty of the contestants. But often it also includes personality, talent demonstration, and question responses as criteria of judgment.

The origin of modern beauty pageants can be traced to the Miss America Pageant, which was first held in Atlantic City in 1921. This pageant eventually included preliminary eliminations, an evening gown

competition, musical variety shows, and judging by the panel. Still, the contests were at first shunned by middle-class society. Pageants did not become respectable until World War II, when beauty queens were recruited to sell bonds and to entertain the troops. The Miss America Pageant is the largest provider of college scholarships for women in the world. Many trade associations have multi-level beauty contests which select queens as ceremonial representatives. The queens may appear at official receptions to present awards, to represent the industry in festivals, to present consumer information to the public, or even to lobby for the industry. For example the South Carolina Watermelon Queen may do a tour of supermarkets to do tastings of different varieties of watermelons. With the increasing popularity of beauty contests, winners have become role models for many young girls. They aspire to become a beauty queen one day. However, there are also criticisms of beauty contests. Although some contests are not based purely on physical appearance, \contestants are unlikely to win, no matter how talented, intelligent, kind-hearted and educated they are. In addition, since \in these pageants is usually represented by unusually thin women, some people question this concept of beauty. Worse still, if a pageant violates the

religious or cultural practices of a country, it may cause protests and demonstrations.

ABACD V let’s talk Task 1

In the early part of the 20th century, few people paid attention to fashion. It was only the very wealthy who changed their clothing styles to what they thought were the latest fashions of the day. Fashion in the 1900s was designed to give women an hourglass or s-curved figure. This was achieved by using a tightly fitting corset, stiff underwear worn around their hips and waist to make the body look slimmer. Compared to the last century, women's dresses became lighter in construction and material. A popular style in this period was the lingerie dress, a very light white cotton dress with strips of open lace and net. In the 1900s women's hats began to grow larger. A trend in the early part of this decade was to wear them tilted slightly forward. In Europe, men's clothes had become more formal, but the opposite was true in the United States. There the popular style was brightly colored shirts with hard white collars worn under sporty jackets. In the 1900s men's hats continued to be very popular and were worn by both the rich and the poor. When a new type of hat was first introduced, there was often a period when people from different classes wore it. However, after some time usually members of only one class would wear it. In the early 20th century, top hats were typically worn by wealthy people especially at formal occasions, such as weddings and church services. Often they were accompanied by silk gloves and a cane. Poorer people, on the other hand, particularly younger workers, would usually wear cloth caps.

wealthy clothing styles figure slimmer construction light

larger formal brightly colored the rich and the poor one class occasions Poorer people

Further listening > Task 1

Stylist: Morning, sir. This chair, please. What can I do for you? Nick:

A simple haircut—short on the back and sides.

Stylist: Very good. I can, of course, do something more fashionable for only $60. Nick:

Sixty dollars! That's highway robbery—twice what I ordinarily pay.

Stylist: Perhaps, sir. But your haircuts haven't been in harmony with your

character. Your hair is at war with your soul. Nick:

I've never heard of such a thing.

Stylist: I'm an expert at matching hairstyles to personalities, if I may say.

Believe me, you're suffering a \Nick:

A disjunction? What the devil is a disjunction?

Stylist: Your hair does not match you. Nick:

This is utter nonsense. However, I'd like to hear how you'd solve this so-called problem.

Stylist: Your character is artistic, imaginative. But your hair is dull. I can

correct that imbalance in seconds. Nick:

OK, let me see what you can do about the... uh... disjunction, as you call it.

Stylist: We're going to use scissors to create peaks, which we'll keep in place

with a liberal helping of gel... This tuft in the back we'll braid into

a pigtail. Now, it's the new you!

Nick:

I love it. It's just like me: imaginative and artistic. Now what are you doing? What's wrong?

Stylist: Something's preventing your hairstyle from being a true fashion

statement. Nick:

For heaven's sake, tell me what's missing.

Stylist: Streaks. By putting in a few yellow streaks in your hair, it will become

a work of art. Streaking will cost you more, but... Nick:

Do it. Forget the cost. But, by the way, what is the total getting to be? How much am I paying to avoid the disjunction?

Stylist: That's... $135. Sir? Sir, are you all right? Oh, he fainted.

CAABA Task 2

John: There goes Camilla. She looks gorgeous today, doesn't she? Her skin is as

smooth as a baby's bottom. Her lips are a perfect Cupid's bow. She must have dozens of admirers. Becky: I wonder what she looks like without all that makeup. She must put it on

with a spoon. It's like a mask. I don't understand what men find so attractive about her. John: Do I detect a hint of jealousy?

Becky: She has nothing for me to be jealous about.

John: I'll bet you believe in those sayings like, \

beholder.\Becky: True beauty comes from within. Natural materials should be enough to bring

it out. John: But do you always stick to those rules? I remember seeing you in the kitchen

with some green substance smeared all over your face. Becky: They were cucumbers. They're natural healers of the skin. Haven't you heard

people say on TV that they soften the skin, wipe out the roughness, and build strength and resilience? John: Yeah, yeah, yeah! They wipe out lines and age signs. Blah, blah, blah! See,

I can even recite that advertisement.

Becky: You've learned a lot, haven't you?

John: Since you can keep your skin so young-looking and maintain your figure so

well, you might as well write a book on beauty secrets. Becky: Don't pull my leg. Anyway, you'd do well to try the cucumber treatment on

yourself. Put some cucumber slices on your head. At least they'll keep that bald spot from shining so brightly.

BABAB Task 3

Susan:

Hi, Rebecca, are you all excited about the big trip?

Rebecca: Hi, Susan. I sure am. Mix business and pleasure and travel on an expense

account. Susan:

It looks as if I'll have to pay extra for overweight luggage. How did you manage to fit everything into one suitcase?

Rebecca: You need to pack smart. First, I chose two colors, and then built my

wardrobe around them. Susan:

But we will need clothes for dress, casual wear, and sometimes sort of in-between \

Rebecca: That's all true enough, but I have a pair of black dress slacks, with black

shoes to match. If I wear that with my turquoise silk blouse and a matching necklace and earrings, I will look dressed up. Susan:

Sure you will, but that is only one outfit.

Rebecca: If I wear a T-shirt with the same slacks, I am more casual. Susan:

And you really have two outfits, don't you?

Rebecca: Well, not really, I have three. If I bring a pashmina, or a dress scarf,

I can dress up the T-shirt into casual chic. Susan:

Three outfits? But your suitcase doesn't look nearly that full!

Rebecca: Yes, and if I add a skirt that works with the blouse and the T-shirt, it

increases the number of my wardrobe combinations even more. Susan:

And different accessories, necklaces and scarves, for example, will give you a different look again without adding much weight.

Rebecca: Now my suitcase will be half empty, with lots of room for shopping.

Answers：

She chose two colors, then built her wardrobe around them.

She has a pair of black dress slacks, with black shoes to match. If she wears that with her turquoise silk blouse and a matching necklace and earrings, she will look dressed up.

If she wears a T-shirt with the black dress slacks, she is more casual. If she brings a pashmina, or another dress scarf, she can dress up the T-shirt into casual chic.

Her suitcase will be nearly empty, with lots of room for shopping.

Viewing and speaking > Task 1

Andrew:

Whereas in the 1960s clothing designers were responding to the space age, designers now are responding to the computer age, so they are literally combining clothing with new technology.

Voice-over: In the 1850s the hardworking cow-herders of the American West began

wearing a brand-new style of heavy-duty cotton clothing. Double stitched and fastened with rivets, this functional industrial design solution was the brainchild of young entrepreneur Levi Strauss. The company that now bears his name is developing new industrial design solutions, but this time it's not for cow-herders, it's for the urban nomads of the information age. Voice-over: Jenny Arksey is the designer behind the ICD Plus jacket. Jenny:

This is a new range of clothing we call ICD Plus. And it's the merging of electronics and fashion together. We have a phone, an MP3 player, headphones, and a microphone, and then we have our remote... our remote system here. So once somebody calls you and you have your earphones in, you will hear it ringing, and then all you have to do is to press the phone key, and that will interrupt and you can start speaking straight away into your collar.

Voice-over: To create the ICD Plus range, Levis went into partnership with the

electronics company Philips. Jenny:

Obviously Philips being an electronics industry and Levis being a fashion industry, they're actually quite far apart. So the idea was to bring them together and actually manufacture a finished product.

Voice-over: Like Vexed and C. P. Company, Jenny is designing for the mobile generation. Jenny:

I think this kind of product is very suitable to the modern-day worker

who needs to be connected all the time, all day, to their phone, and to

the music, and to the Internet and to have the ability to just keep moving.

Voice-over: Mobility in this case comes at a price: 600 pounds a shot for the ICD Plus jacket is a serious investment, and with all the wires, earphones, mobile and MP3 player, you might find it a bit fiddly. The flaws are obvious, but this is only the beginning. It's a steppingstone to what we might expect in the future.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

combining clothing with new technology brand-new style

new industrial design solutions electronics and fashion into your collar

went into partnership with bring them together the modern-day worker 600 pounds

to what we might expect

Unit 3 Watch out when nature strikes back. Lead in

Basic listening

(1)W: Did you read the paper today? There was an earthquake in Brazil. M:

Yes, but it only measured 3.5 on the Richter scale. I don't think there would be any casualties.

What is the man's opinion of the result of the earthquake?

Q:

(2)W: I'm a bit worried about Susan traveling to southern India. It's the rainy season

there, and there may be landslides.

M:

Susan can take care of herself. She won't go anywhere too risky. Besides, you can always

e-mail her if it makes you feel better. What is Susan doing?

Q:

(3)M: Hi, I thought you were on holiday in Asia! Back already? W:

We never got there! Our travel agent canceled our arrangements because the whole region is flooded. We were so disappointed. We won't get another chance to go this year.

Which of the following statement is true about the woman?

Q:

(4)M: Our flight to Tokyo was delayed by 12 hours. Can you believe it? A typhoon hit

the east coast and it was chaos. W:

I saw it on the news. The flooding and damage were terrible. I don't think anyone was hurt though.

What is the consequence of the typhoon?

Q:

(5)W: Did you see that program last night about volcanoes? It was fascinating! M:

Yes, the weird thing is the molten lava looks so beautiful, yet it's so destructive. And I couldn't believe how far the ash can travel. I'm glad we don't have any volcanoes here!

What is the man's description of lava?

Q:

DACBC Listening in Task 1

Son:

Hi, mom, what are we having for dinner tonight?

Mother: I haven't started yet. Why, have you any requests? Son:

How about tsunami for a change—I don't know what it is, but I heard some Japanese people using the word on the bus the other day. Sounds like a food. Maybe it's similar to sushi.

Mother: Nonsense. Tsunami comes from Japanese words meaning harbor and wave. If

we had a tsunami, it would be the other way around, young man. Son:

Why? What is it?

Mother: I mean it could swallow you up. A tsunami is an enormous series of very

powerful waves.

Son:

Could we surf on them? That would be cool!

Mother: They're not cool. They are very destructive. When they pound the shores

of populated areas, they cause tremendous damage. They destroy everything in their path. Son:

What causes them?

Mother: I think they are caused by some sort of shock, like an earthquake,

volcano, or landslide, that starts a chain reaction in the ocean. Son:

Do the waves get so big that they crush buildings?

Mother: Easily. They can be dozens of meters high. They toss cars and houses

around as though they were children's toys. Son:

Can you see them coming?

Mother: You can see them at quite a distance. But there's not much you can do.

In the open ocean they move at up to 800 kilometers per hour, but when it reaches the shore, the system slows down and the waves get bigger. Son:

How big?

Mother: They can reach 30 meters, big enough to finish you off in one gulp.

BCADC Task 2

South Africa is heading for a disaster in the new year because of a drought. The water levels at some dams have dropped to under 20 percent while the ground water table has dropped by as much as 30 meters.

Emergency measures have been introduced to ensure that millions of people have enough water to survive. In rural areas without dams, the government has to send water by truck and sink new, deeper wells to provide drinking water. Tanked water is provided to about 3.5 million South Africans. People here normally use barely 30 liters a day, and it is impossible to further limit their usage. That is why agricultural use has to be restricted.

More than 100,000 farm workers might lose their jobs if it does not rain soon. Water restrictions, which have a negative influence on the

agricultural sector in particular, have already been imposed on several districts. Farmers have been forced to stop irrigating their crops to

ensure that enough water is available for domestic use. Maize farmers in the eastern parts of the country have almost no hope of planting their crops in time. They need rain within the next two weeks to be able to start planting. Where farmers did sow, the seedlings have been scorched under the sun.

An estimated 40,000 head of livestock have died because of the dry spell. Thousands of stock farmers will have to slaughter their livestock on a large scale because there is no grass left. The parts suffering the most are rural areas without dams. If it does not rain, people there will face a huge crisis.

BBABA Task 3

A natural disaster is the consequence of a hazardous event, occurring when human activities are affected by adverse natural phenomena such as flood, drought, hailstorm, heat wave, forest fire, hurricane, typhoon, tornado, tsunami, landslide and mudslide, or volcanic eruption. The scale of the resulting deaths or property damage depends on the human ability to resist the disasters.

Sometimes two seemingly different disasters may be related to each other. For example, an undersea earthquake may result in a tsunami. While there is a long dry spell in one area, there may be a great flood in another. A drought is a long-lasting weather pattern consisting of dry conditions with very little or no precipitation. During this period, food and water supplies can run low, and other conditions, such as famine, can occur. Droughts can last for several years and are particularly damaging in areas in which the residents depend on agriculture for survival.

A flood follows too much rain or water in a location, and could be the result of many different conditions. Floods can be caused by heavy rainfall from a storm, including thunderstorms, rapid melting of large amounts of snow, or rivers which swell from too much precipitation upstream, causing widespread damage to areas downstream. Another possible cause of floods is the bursting of man-made dams.

Correct answer drought

tsunami undersea result in dry spell flood water supplies famine agriculture heavy rainfall melting swell

man-made dams Let’s talk Task 1

Disaster has struck in Haiti. An earthquake of huge proportions erupted in the Caribbean island—one of the poorest communities in the West. Buildings, which were badly built, tumbled, burying thousands of people in their own homes.

Haiti is a poor country with few emergency services to help. The islanders had to use their bare hands to search for their families. They waited for teams from overseas countries like Britain and the United States to bring equipment and manpower to help rescue any survivors they could find. It's feared that more than 100,000 people have died. One school friend lies injured on the pavement. Another voices her sorrow. The historic cathedral was badly damaged; and at the presidential palace, the roof collapsed.

The islanders here know about earthquakes. Haiti lies in an area where there are frequent tremors and also tropical storms. But last week's earthquake registered seven on the Richter scale—almost as high as the scale can go. It was the biggest for 200 years. It happened eight

kilometers beneath the Earth's crust—that's quite close to the surface, so the tremors were really strong.

There were also lots of aftershocks—tremors that happen after the main earthquake. Those aftershocks can also cause damage as buildings collapse further and trap people who might have survived the first disaster. The British government has promised 20 million pounds of aid to help Haiti, and many people have also made donations.

Now the concern is to prevent disease hitting areas without clean water or enough medical help.

Correct answer erupted burying few overseas rescue injured damaged islanders seven biggest close aftershocks trap

20 million pounds disease

Further listening > Task 1

A typhoon lashed southern China on Thursday with strong winds and heavy rain, killing two people.

The typhoon hit the coastal areas of Guangdong Province at 1:45 p.m. on Thursday, with wind speeds up to 126 kilometers per hour. It came as the nation was still fighting its worst flooding in 10 years, which is expected to continue as the typhoon season gains pace.

The Guangdong provincial flood-control headquarters said the typhoon had caused economic losses of more than two billion yuan in the province, damaging more than 2,000 houses.

The strong winds, up to 35 meters a second, blew down many trees and billboards in the urban areas, paralyzing local traffic. Electricity, telecommunications and water services were cut in some areas. A local resident said he saw the raincoats of many pedestrians lifted by the gale, while many umbrellas were blownaway. Two people were killed by the storm in the western part of the province.

Before this typhoon, the province had already been plagued by torrential rains and subsequent flooding, which has killed hundreds of people over the past several weeks and caused dozens of rivers and lakes across the region to reach danger levels.

Meteorologists forecast that six to eight major typhoons are expected in the coming months and told people to avoid unnecessary trips outdoors until the all-clear is given.

To prepare for the typhoons, the government issued emergency notices to its subordinate departments, urging them to take effective measures to protect people's lives and try to keep economic losses to aminimum. Priorities have been given to protect agriculture, reservoirs, dams, and coastal and river dikes in the flood-hit cities. More than 30,000 boats were required to return to ports to avoid the disaster while over 7,000 fishermen were evacuated to safety areas. At least 26 flights have been canceled at the airport.

BADAC Task 2

A fire started on some grassland near a farm in Alberta, Canada. The fire department from the nearby town was called to put the fire out. The fire proved to be more than the small town fire department could handle, so someone suggested that a rural volunteer fire company be called. Since the company was composed entirely of men over 65, there was doubt that they would be of any assistance. But with no other help available, the farmer called the fire company anyway.

The volunteer fire company's men arrived in a dilapidated old fire truck. The truck drove straight toward the fire and, instead of stopping in front of the fire, drove right into the middle of the flames. The volunteer firemen jumped off the truck and started spraying water in all directions.

Soon they had put out the center of the fire, breaking the blaze into two

easily controllable parts. After an hour of intense fighting, they had extinguished the fire.

The farmer was impressed by the brave volunteer firemen and their work. He was so grateful that his farm had been spared that he presented the volunteer fire company with a check for $10,000.

A local news reporter asked the volunteer fire captain what the company planned to do with the funds. The fireman looked him right in the eye and said, \get the brakes fixed on that stupid fire truck.\

1. Since the company was composed entirely of men over 65, there was doubt that they would be of any assistance.

But the farmer called the company anyway because the fire proved to be more than the small town fire department could handle, and there was no other help available.

2. The truck drove straight toward the fire and, instead of stopping in front of the fire, drove right into the middle of the flames.

3. After an hour of intense fighting, they had extinguished the fire. 4. He presented the volunteer fire company with a check for $10,000. 5. The captain said, \first thing we're going to do is to get the brakes fixed on that stupid fire truck.\That suggests that they drove right into the middle of the flames because of useless brakes rather than bravery.

Task 3

A blizzard is a severe weather condition characterized by low temperatures and strong winds, greater than 35 miles per hour, bearing a great amount of snow.

Because the factors for classifying winter storms are complex, there are many different definitions of what a blizzard truly is. But it is generally agreed that in order to be classified as a blizzard, as opposed to merely a winter storm, the weather must meet several conditions. The storm must decrease visibility to a quarter of a mile for three hours running, include snow or ice as precipitation, and have wind speeds of at least 32 miles per hour, which means force seven or more on the wind scale.

Another standard, according to Environment Canada, is that the winter storm must have winds of 40 kilometers per hour or more, plenty of snow, visibility less than one kilometer, a temperature of less than minus 25 degrees Celsius, and all of these conditions must last for four hours or more, before the storm can properly be called a blizzard.

When all of these conditions continue after snow has stopped falling, the storm is referred to as a ground blizzard.

An extreme form of blizzard is a whiteout, when the downdrafts, together with snowfall, become so severe that it is impossible to distinguish the ground from the air. People caught in a whiteout can quickly become disoriented, losing their sense of up and down as well as their sense of direction. Severe blizzards can also occur along with arctic cyclones.

ABCDC

Viewing and speaking > Task 1

Voice-over:

Trapped indoors by raging floodwaters for more than 24 hours, a 91-year-old woman is rescued by firemen and carried to safety. It's the worst flooding in Coggeshall and the surrounding villages in Essex in more than 50 years, and it's taken residents here by surprise.

I came from home, because my place was flooded with burst pipes, so

Elderly

woman:

I came down to my son's to be safe and got this. So, I just wonder what I've done wrong to get all this!

Emergency crews have been evacuating people like this woman and her baby since the banks of the River Blackwater burst this weekend. Parts of eastern England were hit yesterday after a month's worth of rain fell here in a day. People told me there was no time to save their belongings.

By the time the high tide had come up at quarter to four in the morning, the water was up to the piano keys. It'd come right up here, and I mean you can just see on the, on the, on the furniture where the water had come up to.

There was flooding in Cambridgeshire too. Staff were mopping up water at this doctor's surgery in Borne, trying to get the facilities back to normal.

It's wrecked all the computer system. It's managed unfortunately to get to a few of the old notes. It's also affected all our drugs that are here, including the flu jabs we were hoping to run our flu jabs sessions.

A few roads in Essex in Cambridgeshire remain virtually impassable, but water levels are dropping. The question for residents here now is what will happen if they get even more heavy rain in the next few days.

Voice-over:

Woman:

Voice-over:

Doctor:

Voice-over:

rescued worst flooding surprise flooded my son's crews burst hit

save high tide furniture normal computer system drugs heavy

Unit 4 Is work just another four-letter word? Lead in c d a e h f i g b Basic listening

(1)M: Do you see yourself as a leader or more of a team player? W:

Well, it depends on the circumstances. I usually enjoy working as part of a team and helping everyone work together. But if the leadership is weak, I'm not afraid to take over in order to achieve the goal at hand. What does the woman want to be?

Q:

(2)W: Good morning, I have an appointment with Mr. Davies at 11 o'clock. M:

Yes, he left a message for you saying he's terribly sorry but he's stuck in traffic and is running 15 minutes late. Please take a seat and he'll be here as soon as possible. Would you like tea or coffee? Where is the conversation probably taking place?

Q:

You don't look happy. Didn't you get that promotion? (3)W:

M: Q:

No, they brought in some new guy. I'm not going to hang around for much longer, I can assure you.

Why is the man unhappy?

(4)W: Mr. Jones is a self-made millionaire, and I'm honored to have worked for

him for the past 30 years as his accountant.

M: Q:

He must be pleased to have a loyal and faithful employee like you. What is true of the woman?

(5)MJane, we're considering you for the new office manager position. We've been very : pleased with your work. W:

Thank you very much. I've always enjoyed working here, and I would welcome an

opportunity for more responsibility. Which of the following is true?

Q:

CBABD Listening in Task l

Joan: Come in, come in. Have a seat. Ah... uh... I want you to know this is going

to hurt me more than it will hurt you. Carl: Yes, ma'am. But I'm not quite sure what you're talking about. Joan: You're fired. That's what I'm talking about.

Carl: I find that surprising, Miss Jackson. After all, I sold 25 percent more of

our products than any other salesperson. Joan: Look, I'm not here to argue. You're fired. Understand?

Carl: Well, I just wonder what's going to happen to the contract I've been

arranging. It would be a shame to lose it; it could mean a lot to our company. And I'm the only one who knows the details. Joan: No one is indispensable. Just clear out your desk and that's the end of it.

Do I make myself clear, Mr. Westlake? Carl: Crystal clear, apart from one small detail. Joan: And what is that detail?

Carl: I'm not Mr. Westlake. I'm Carl Smith.

Joan: Well then, that's a different kettle of fish, Mr. Smith. I know you've been

working late almost every night and coming in on Saturdays to get work done. The company is very happy with your progress. Carl: That's good to know. I was beginning to think that I wasn't appreciated. Joan: You're doing well. We have approved your first salary increase.

Carl: That's great! Thank you! I'll certainly try to live up to the trust you have

demonstrated in me with this raise in pay.

CBDAA Task 2

Lillian: Mr. Baxter, you have worked in the company for five years, and now you

manage everything here smoothly, like a clock. Could you tell us the secrets of your successful career? Baxter: Just as the golden rule of real estate is \location, location\

the golden rule of work is \relationships, relationships\Unfortunately, many workers focus so hard on the job at hand that they never develop useful relationships with people in other parts of their organization. Worse, when they do interact with colleagues in other departments, they may not treat them with respect. Lillian: Could you give me more details?

Baxter: Let's take Wendy as an example. She switched jobs several months ago in

the company. In her first position, as a marketing manager, she frequently found herself in conflict with the financial department over her staff's expenses. Her argument for more funds usually ended in vain. Then in her new job as training administrator, she wanted to launch an on-the-job training project. She needed the financial department to support her request for a budget. How did she convince them this time? Although the financial department's offices were located in another city, Wendy decided to visit them in their offices and try to establish closer relationships. She believed she must first of all understand their mission and their own training needs. Then she found an ally in the company's chief financial officer, who saw how her group could help develop his staff. Thus the two forged a long-term alliance, which led to a training program so successful that it has since been picked up by the company's offices in Germany and Japan. Winning allies throughout your organization has an additional benefit. These days, it's far too risky to expect your work to speak for itself. Having allies who speak well of you increases your reputation with the top management.

Relationships marketing manager

in conflict with expenses ended in vain training administrator visited

establish closer relationships long-term picked up Task 3

With the invention of modern laptops and the advances in broadband Internet access and communication software, there is no longer a need to work in the office. More and more people are starting to work from home. Opinions on this new trend vary as there are both pros and cons of working from home.

The disadvantages are obvious. To begin with, you may feel lonely at home since you lack social interaction and face-to-face communication with colleagues. Besides, there are many distractions at home: Your wife and kids may knock on your door or call you any time. You yourself may want to stop and have a cup of coffee or find something to eat from time to time. Without the office discipline, you may even be tempted to play computer games. What's more, it may be very monotonous if you have to stay at home all day long.

On the other hand, many people think the pros of working at home outweigh the cons. The most obvious benefit is flexibility. You don't have to wake up to an alarm clock early in the morning, and you can work any time you want and in any way you want. For those who are more productive at night, working from home must be a paradise. Moreover, without a boss supervising you over your shoulder, you feel less stress. Like to work in

pajamas?Fine.Like to listen to heavy metal at the highest volume while you are designing? Go for it. Also, people that work in the home environment value immensely the extra time they can spend with their loved ones. As a mom or dad, you will be in a much better position to educate and take care of your children.

CDDCA Let's talk Task 1

Ayesha: In the newsroom you have about 16 reporters. The news reporters sit in one

part of the room, and you have features on the other side of the room. I'm just going to see Kev, he's my news editor and he's gonna do a brief, basically brief me on a story that's happening later on. When I walk into my newsroom I don't know what to expect. You start at eight but you don't know how long that's gonna go on for. Hello. Kevin: Hi Ayesha. So we're really looking for a featurey sort of piece for

tomorrow's paper. Ayesha: Frenchay Hospital, which is one of our hospitals in Bristol. They're

celebrating their 10 years of this head injury unit, and we've been invited up. We're gonna obviously cover and take pictures, and I'm gonna get to speak to people. So he was really giving me guidelines. Kevin: You know when you're doing your interviews, speak to people in some detail

about, you know, how they were injured in the first place, but then the treatment they've gone through. OK? Ayesha: Yeah. Excellent! Thank you!

Well, I've just started writing up for my next, and just basically from the day. I've got to get something through, I think, by about four. Sometimes I come back and I've got so much going on in my hands. So I'm just trying to, sort of, just work it through. Deadlines are very stressful. But you have to meet them because it's important; it's part of what newspaper journalism is all about. You get used to it by getting the guidance, managing your time, but it's still scary. OK. It's all done. OK. This is the Bristol final. If I have a look at page 14, there we are, and that's my story. Exciting!

16 features brief

eight paper guidelines interviews treatment come back Deadlines meet guidance scary

Further listening > Task 1

George Adams, a market researcher at a company, finally printed his marketing report. After months of research, hundreds of surveys, and several boring drafts, his report was complete, and just in time. He was going away for the weekend. He wanted to relax because his report was a success. He carefully proofread his document and then delivered copies to all the executives on his distribution list.

When he returned to his desk, he discovered his boss, the department manager, was livid. At first he did not realize he had accidentally gone over his head. Anyway, his boss had given him the distribution list in the first place. So he thought he was just following orders. But the boss was furious that she hadn't seen the final document.

The boss asked Adams to get back all the copies, but it was too late. When Adams got to the CEO's office, he was already reading the report. Adams had felt friction with his boss before. She was overbearing and tended to find fault with his work after he'd broken his back to meet

deadlines. In this instance, however, he realized he had made a serious error. His boss was extremely upset, for his mistake made her look as though she wasn't in control of her department.

From the boss's point of view, Adams was usurping her authority. The result was simple and natural: Adams left his job soon afterward.

Adams's story illustrates a fundamental truth about the workplace: Small, seemingly innocent missteps can sometimes become a big career destroyer.

DBCAC Task 2

Sam:

Tell me: Does this place look like a nursing home?

Sally: No. Why? Sam:

Do I look like a male nurse?

Sally: Not at all. Sam:

Then why do my employees act as though this were a nursing home instead of a workplace?

Sally: You're obviously upset. What's wrong? Tell me. Sam:

You're right. I'm upset about a lot of things.

Sally: Can you tell me what the problems are? Maybe there's something I can do. Sam:

First of all I'm upset because so many staff have been showing up late for work.

Sally: It's true. A lot of people have been coming in late. They probably think

you don't mind. You know, the atmosphere here is pretty relaxing. Sam:

Maybe it's because I hang out a lot with them outside the office.

Sally: They must see you more as a buddy than a boss. It's because you're so

friendly. Sam:

You're right. They don't view me as an authority figure anymore. I'm afraid they don't respect me as a boss.

Sally: So what are you going to do about it? Sam:

I'm going to change. No more Mr. Nice Guy. I'm going to start cracking the whip.

Sally: When do you want this change to take place? Sam:

Starting today, I'm going to lay down the law. From now on, everyone in the company must follow regulations to the letter.

Sally: I'll post a notice as soon as possible. What should it say? Sam:

No more punching in late. No more clocking out early. No more calling in sick without a doctor's note.

Sally: Anything else? Sam:

No more personal phone calls or e-mails in company time!

Sally: All right. I'll get right on it!

BABAB Task 3

1. They gathered for lunch to welcome the new Chief Executive Officer, Carl Martin, and say goodbye to the departing CEO, Dick Jackson. 2. The departing CEO left three numbered envelopes for the new CEO. 3. The message read, \press conference and tactfully laid the blame at the feet of the previous CEO.

4. The message read, \The new CEO did it, and the company quickly rebounded.

5. The message said, \three envelopes.\It implied that it was time for Carl to leave and give three similar envelopes to the next CEO.

Viewing and speaking Task 1

You don't come into journalism for the money. When you start, you're sort of earning, I think, about 150 to 180 pounds a week, which really isn't very much to live on. But then as you move up, you get more, so you're looking to get 14,000 a year, 15,000, 16,000 a year. And you know you're working really long hours, and it's hard work. OK thanks, bye.

Waiting for phone calls and waiting for people to get back to you is really frustrating. Like today I had other things to keep me going and I was doing other things, but you know I've got this thing over my head because I know I've got to get this quote and I've got to keep chasing it and then while you're working on other stories whether they're bigger or smaller ones you know. It's very frustrating because you just want to get this done and out of the way, but it just doesn't happen.

Journalism is just a, is a great career to go into because (there's) so much you can do. So you can stay in newspapers, you can go into radio, television—there's just so much out there, and I guess at the stage where I am—sort of just starting out, just really looking at what there is and what I will enjoy doing more.

In 10 years I think I'd like to be an editor of a section of a national paper either here or abroad, 20 years, launching my own paper. Journalism is just fantastic because you don't know what's happening on a day-to-day basis. You meet so many different people and it just puts you in such a privileged position. And I just love it. I just think it's great.

earning live on frustrating head chasing television editor

launching basis Privileged

Unit 5 Distant pastures are always greener. Basic listening

(1)W:

Why do some people stay in one job for life while others switch jobs from time to time?

Some people want a fixed routine so that they don't have to adapt to new circumstances over and over again, while others think variety is the spice of life!

Why do some people stick to one job for life?

(2)M: Cathy, you've been late for work so many times lately that I have

to warn you that any repetition will result in your dismissal.

M:

Q:

W:

I'm sorry. I promise to be on time from now on. Perhaps I could work later to make up for the time I've lost. What does the woman say?

Q:

（3）M: Mrs. Brown, my time here has been frustrating for me. I have a better

opportunity with another firm, and I'm taking it. W:

We won't be sorry to see you leave, Richard. You've done your best to make everyone here as miserable as you are.

How does the woman feel about the man's leaving? （4）W:

Mr. Stone, I wanted to tell you in person that at the end of this month I'll be leaving the company. Well, Jane, we are certainly going to miss you here, but I wish you the best of luck.

What is the woman going to do?

Q:

M:

Q:

（5）Tim, I hate to tell you this, but we're caught in a budget crunch, and we must W: lay you off. I'm sorry. M:

I understand. I've enjoyed my time here. Don't worry about me. I'm confident I can find something else. What is the man's response?

Q:

BDACD Listening in Task 1

Manager: Adam! Have you any suggestions about how we can avoid bankruptcy? Adam:

Downsizing would certainly reduce our operating costs. You know, lean and mean, the way you have to be in today's market.

Manager: Where do you suggest we start making these staff cuts? Adam:

The logical place to start would be in administration. They're usually overstaffed.

Manager: That's not going to go over very well with our employees. Some of them

have been with the company for years. Adam:

It's a painful process, but there's no other choice. They'll just have to accept the idea.

Manager: We can give them a fairly decent severance package when they're fired.

Adam:

I know. And I think that if we computerize the office, we could reduce office staff by about 20 percent just by eliminating a lot of paperwork.

Manager: OK. If we lay off 20 percent of the administrative staff, will that be enough to get the company back on its feet? Adam:

Unfortunately not. We'll also need to make some cuts in the service department.

Manager: How can we do that and maintain the level of service that we offer our

customers? Adam:

Well, we'll have to retrain the service staff and streamline our operations, so we won't need as many people to run things smoothly.

Manager: Well, this is tough, but I really don't think we have any other choice.

If we keep losing money like this, we'll have to shut everything down.

BACCD Task 2

Although the scarcity of employment opportunities for college graduates has shown no signs of improving, the shortage does not prevent young employees from job-hopping.

The Chinese young people who graduated from college three years ago have on average changed jobs twice. According to a report by an education consulting agency, 88 percent of these changes were voluntary, with the graduates choosing to resign instead of being fired.

In the Pearl River Delta, one of China's economic centers, less than 20 percent of newly recruited college graduates remained for more than a year in the first company where they had worked.

Entrepreneurs are worried that the job-hopping fever among graduates will destabilize their companies and harm long-term development. To prevent constant job-hopping, some enterprises have actually started withholding their employees' graduation certificates; some even hold back wages. Experts are studying the causes of this trend toward job switching. According to the report, 33 percent of the respondents changed jobs for better career prospects, 25 percent due to low salaries, and 13 percent just wanted to try new professions. Experts also analyzed the deep-rooted reasons for the frequent job changes. Enterprises usually ranked the five most desirable qualities as a sense of responsibility, professional ethics, communication skills, learning ability, and problem-solving ability. But in a university education those five qualities were sometimes listed in the reverse order.

Although employers value highly a sense of responsibility and

professional ethics, many inexperienced graduates made concessions by accepting a temporary position, taking it as a springboard to a better job. Today's young people are usually the only child in the family. Many of them have been brought up by doting parents, and are now bitterly disappointed at the low-paying jobs offered them.

Sometimes firms have disillusioned college graduates by having no long-term development strategies. If there is neither proper planning nor training for employees, they see only a dim future.

FTFTF

Task 3

In some cases companies inform their employees in advance that lay-offs are coming. In other cases, they come without warning: You arrive on time for work on a Friday, but you are told not to come next week. Ouch! In either case, you may be able to sense some bad signs in advance. Maybe the company has tried very hard to avoid lay-offs; maybe it has been preparing for the worst for quite some time. If you think about the bad omens carefully, you might know as much as or even more than some of the employees in managerial positions with management responsibilities. For example, if you work in sales, you might know that quotas have not been met. If you work in field engineering, you might notice far fewer customer installations. If your company's competitors, suppliers or customers are laying off employees, it's likely your company will too, especially if economic conditions are affecting your industry. Check the lay-off statistics from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Search the Net and your local newspaper too for articles concerning lay-offs in your industry.

Do things like bad sales always mean that lay-offs are coming to your company? Not necessarily. Companies have seasonal and economic sales dips all the time, and are always looking for ways to improve their performance. So, if you see only one or two bad signs, don't jump to a hasty conclusion. But if you see more, especially along the lines of earnings warnings, budget cuts, hiring freezes, restructuring, and massive lay-offs in your industry, it might just be time to get your résumé up-to-date and start looking for a new job. Also, it might be a good idea to cancel your vacation, implement money-saving measures, and become more useful on your job. You should prepare in advance if you think you might get the axe soon.

DCBCA Let's talk Task 1

Voice-over: Fraser likes John's idea of renting a factory, but he still wants to

supply supermarkets. He's done some research and found a factory on the Isle of Bute that he likes the sound of. Fraser likes the factory,

Fraser:

Manager:

Voice-over:Fraser:

Voice-over:John:

but can they meet his desire for supermarket capacity?

Obviously I produce all the products in the kitchen at home, um, and the plan is to, obviously move it into a commercial setting so that we can, um, produce for larger, sort of, retailers. We're probably looking initially maybe, um, between five and, er, ten thousand a month, um... probably growing to, sort of... twenty to thirty thousand within the first six months. That's quite a lot.

Fraser decides against the factory because they can't make his

supermarket quantities. When... when we... when I met... last met John, he thought it would be a good idea for me to, kinda, set up my own factory, and produce the stuff myself, and sell it to just a handful of delis, and then, rack up more delis and, er, grow that way, um... which didn't really appeal to me. It was a bit, kinda, slow and, er... you know I'm happy to kinda jump in at the deep end, as it were, and just go straight for the, kinda, um, the larger retailers.

John's worried. Fraser has not taken his advice. His high-risk strategy

of going straight to the supermarkets could come off, but it's a real gamble. Fraser's a one-man band, and I'm very concerned that he hasn't got the backup and the support to deal with huge supermarkets at this stage in his business development.

Further listening > Task 1

Joblessness can lead to a series of problems, and it is not easy to solve them.

First of all, being jobless often means lacking social contact with fellow employees, and lacking a purpose for many hours of the day. Also, it obviously affects your ability to pay bills and to purchase the necessities of life.

Lack of this ability is especially serious for those with family

obligations, debts, or medical costs, and it is especially true in a country like the United States, where the availability of medical insurance is often linked to holding a job.

Some maintain that jobless people can rely on unemployment insurance, but this is not true. Unemployment insurance in the U.S. typically does not even replace 50 percent of the income one receives on the job, and one cannot receive it forever. Therefore, the unemployed often end up tapping

welfare programs such as Food Stamps or accumulating formal debt to banks or informal debt to friends and relatives.

Some hold that low-income jobs provide a solution to joblessness, but this is not true either. Since it is difficult or even impossible to get unemployment insurance benefits without having worked in the past, job-seekers have to accept low-income jobs. Thus, unemployment insurance keeps a ready supply of low-paid workers. To make things worse, many employers take advantage of this. When they resort to such management techniques as low wages and benefits, as well as few chances for advancement, they bear the unemployment insurance option in mind. Under increasing unemployment pressure, jobless people suffer from a variety of financial, psychological and social problems. Increased unemployment encourages bad health and raises in both crime and suicide rates.

ABCDA Task 2

Barbara: I've really got to think about my future. You've heard of the cutbacks

the management is making, right? Alan:

Oh, yes. I've heard it. But you haven't anything to worry about.

Barbara: Around here you never know from one day to the next whether you can keep

your job. Alan:

Come on, they won't let you go. You've been here for so long. Besides, you're good at your job.

Barbara: That may be, but I feel that I've reached the glass ceiling in this company. Alan:

Glass ceiling? What do you mean by that?

Barbara: I've been working here for 10 years. I haven't gotten a promotion in three

years. I thought I should be vice president by now. If I were a man, I'm sure I would be vice president. Alan:

There's no official company policy, but it's true that they don't promote women to management positions here.

Barbara: I can see the writing on the wall. I think it's time to change jobs, and

maybe even careers, if I want to get ahead. Alan:

Change careers? That's a big jump. If you change careers, what will you do?

Barbara: I'm doing market research here, but I studied public relations in college.

I'd like to do PR for a large multinational company. Alan:

That sounds exciting, and the pay would be better, too. Yeah, if I were you, I would keep an eye on the job postings on the Internet.

Barbara: Thanks, I will.

TTFFF

Viewing and speaking Task 1

Voice-over: It's time for John to make his first visit to see if he can help turn

things around. He really has his work cut out this time, but will Matt be prepared to take on board any of John's suggestions? They meet at Sticmatz HQ, the Aitkenhead's family home. John needs to get a handle on Matt, his business and his expectations. John:

For the forthcoming financial year, how many units are you hoping to sell?

Really, I'd expect to sell very... a minimum of three million units by this time next year. Three million units? Yeah.

Three-million-unit sales next year? That's an awesome target. So what is this business going to do in the current year to fuel that phenomenal expansion?

We're really, really gonna hop on the marketing and sales in a way that we haven't even touched... scratched the surface of. We're looking for two quality salespeople, and we can now more aggressively market the product at trade shows, um, and just generally do a lot of grass roots marketing to really get the brand out there.

Matt:

John: Matt: John:

Matt:

Voice-over: John's read the business plans, seen the product, and met the

entrepreneur. To him, the problems are obvious. John:

They've clearly got some very real challenges. Firstly they must raise some money. And that is not going to be easy. The sales targets for next year are wildly optimistic. Three million units. Now that would be a hard task, even if they had a fully-fledged operational,

functioning sales and marketing department, which they don't have.

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