裕兴新概念第三册 1-33全

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

Lesson?01 A?Puma?at?large 逃遁的美洲狮
New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里

puma n.美洲狮

spot v.看出, 发现??
= see, pick?out, recognize, catch sight?of 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现
-- A?tall?man?is?easy?to?spot?in?the?crowd.
-- He?has?good?eye?for?spotting?mistakes.
同意词：
-- find：强调发现的结果 / find?out：查出事实真相
-- discover：做出重大发现 / notice：注意到
-- observe：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面
Spot n.斑点
-- There?is?a?white?spot?on?the?shirt.
on?the?spot有两个含义：
1> 立刻, 马上（at?once, immediately）
-- Anyone?breaking?the?rules?will?be?asked?to?leave?on?the?spot.
2> at?the?place?of?the?action 在现场
-- Wherever?she?is?needed, she?is?quickly?on?the?spot.

Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）
Evident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然
Evidence = proof (n.证据)
-- When?the?police?arrived, he?had?already?destroyed?the?evidence.
in?evidence 显而易见的
-- He?was?in?evidence?at?the?party.

Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）
-- As?the?evidence?accumulates, experts?from?the?zoo?felt?obliged?to?investigate.
Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处
-- The teacher gathered his students in the class
Collect vt.搜集, 采集
-- Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好）
Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配
-- A large number of people assemble on the square.
Hoard vt.大量的储存 （-- hoard?up = store?up 储藏）
-- The?squirrel?hoards?up?nuts?for?the?cold?winter （squirrel n.松鼠）（nut n.坚果）
amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）
-- The clouds amassed above the hills
Oblige v.使…感到必须
feel?obliged?to?do?sth 感觉有必要做某事
-- I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求, 需要）
be?obliged?to?do?sth 被迫做某事
-- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off.（debt n.债务）

hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找 （hunt?for）
-- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.
-- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实）
search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
-- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.
run?after 强调追赶, 追求
-- look, a dog is running after a cat
-- what are you run after in your life
seek = pursue? v.追寻(理想)
chase v.追赶 （-- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief）

blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果
human?being
人类

corner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境 作为动词, 经常使用被动语态
-- The?thief?was?cornered?at?last
-- The?problem?cornered?me.
corner n.角落
-- at?the?corn

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

er?of?the?street -- in?the?corner?of?the?room -- on?the?corner?of?the?desk

Trail n.一串, 一系列
trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪（= follow）
-- The?police?trailed?the?criminal?to?the?place?where?he?was?hiding （criminal n.罪犯）

Print n.印痕

Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging）
-- She?is?always?clinging?to?her?mother.
-- He?clung?to?the?hope?that?he?would?succeed. 他怀有成功的希望
stick? v.粘住 （-- stick the envelop）n.信封
stick?to?坚持 （-- stick to the plan / stick to one’s promise）n.许诺
sticky? adj.粘的 （-- sticky fingers）

convince v.使…信服
1>convince?sb of?sth -- I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。
2> be?convinced that… -- I am convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的）

somehow adv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因
= by?some?means, in?some?way, for?some?reason?unknown
-- I’ll get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。
-- I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。
Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （= a?little）
-- The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）
disturb v.令人不安
disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的
surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的
exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的

wild adj.野性的, 野生的
investigate v.调查, 研究
description n.描写, 描述
extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外
similar adj.相似的, 类似的
attack vt.攻击
difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点
rabbit n.兔, 野兔
paw n.手掌, 手爪
fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛
bush n.矮树丛
fully adv.充分地, 完全地
collector n.收藏家, 征收者

Text 课文
at?large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的 -- The thief is still at large
at large 详细地（= in?detail）n.细节, 详情 -- I need talk to you at large
at large 总体来讲（= as?a?whole）
-- The students at large are hungry for English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）

Where?must?the?puma?have?come?from?
Pumas?are?large,?cat-like?animals?which?are?found?in?America.
在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）
英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。
-- Pandas?are?large?cat-like?animals?which?are?found?in?Asia. （panda n.熊猫）
cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的

When?reports?came?into?London?Zoo?that?a?wild?puma?had?been?spotted?forty-five?miles?
south?of?L
ondon,?they?were?not?taken?seriously.
一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前
1> 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰
-- 定语从句的引导词：
-- 指人：主语who

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

；宾语who, whom；定语?whose
-- 指物：that（也可以指人）/ which
-- 时间状语：when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why
2> 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
-- 同位语从句的引导词：
-- 名词(做主语、宾语等)：关系词用that而不是which
-- 时间：when；?地点：where
-- 定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但what可以引导同位语从句
-- An?idea?came?to?her?that?she?might?do?the?experiment?in?another?way.
-- I?have?no?idea?what?has?happened?to?him。

they?were?not?taken?seriously（they指代reports）
take?sth seriously = deal?with?sth seriously 认真地对待某事
-- I always take your suggestions seriously.
take?sth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地）
-- Don’t take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题）

However,?as?the?evidence?began?to?accumulate,?experts?from?the?Zoo?felt?obliged?to?
investigate, for?the?descriptions?given?by?people?who?claimed?to?have?seen?the?puma?were?
extraordinarily?similar.
However adv.然而(起转折作用)
As 连词：随着, 当...之时
过去分词做定语：
-- the descriptions given by people
-- the story told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员)
-- a book written by Luxun
claim?to?have?done?sth 声称曾经做过某事
-- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.

The?hunt?for?the?puma?began?in?a?small?village?where?a?woman?picking?blackberries?saw?
'a?large?cat'?only?five?yards?away?from?her.
Where a woman picking… 定语从句
-- I?still?remember?the?school?where?I?studied?English.

It?immediately?ran?away?when?she?saw?it,?and?experts?confirmed?that?a?puma?will?not?attack?
a?human?being?unless?it?is?cornered.
Confirm = be?sure = be?certain (confirm vt.确定)
Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非)
-- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.

The?search?proved?difficult,?for?the?puma?was?often?observed?at?one?place?in?the?morning?
and?at?another?place?twenty?miles?away?in?the?evening.
search = hunt

Wherever?it?went,?it?left?behind?it?a?trail?of?dead?deer?and?small?animals?like?rabbits.
把某物留在后面：leave?behind
-- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）

Paw?prints?were?seen?in?a?number?of?places?and?puma?fur?was?found?clinging?to?bushes.
英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。
puma?fur?was?found?clinging?to?bushes. （被动）
We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. （主动）
-- clinging to bushes是现在分词短语做宾补

Several?people?complained?of?"cat-like?noises'?at?night?and?a?businessman?on?a?fishing?trip
saw?the?puma?up?a?tree.

complain?of/about?sth 抱怨某事
on+名词：强调动作正在进行
-- on?the?rise 在上升 / on?the?increase 在增加
-- on?the?watch 在观看 / on?the?match 在比赛中
-- on?the?fis

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

hing?trip 在钓鱼的途中 / on?holiday 在度假

The?experts?were?now?fully?convinced?that?the?animal?was?a?puma,?but?where?had?it?come?
from?
Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）= completely = entirely

As?no?pumas?had?been?reported?missing?from?any?zoo?in?the?country,?this?one?must?have?
been?in?the?possession?of?a?private?collector?and?somehow?managed?to?escape.
sth be in?the?possession?of?sb = sth be in?sb's?possession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)
-- The?beautiful?car?is?in?my?possession.= The beautiful car is in?the?possession?of?me.
Sb be in?possession?of?sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)
-- I?am?in?possession?of?the?beautiful?car.（in possession of… 做表语）
-- The?person?in?possession?of?the?big?house?is?excited. （in possession of… 做定语）
take?possession?of… 拥有…

The?hunt?went?on?for?several?weeks,?but?the?puma?was?not?caught.
Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）

It?is?disturbing?to?think?that?a?dangerous?wild?animal?is?still?at?large?in?the?quiet?countryside.
It?is?disturbing?to?think?that... 一想到…就心理不安
-- It?is?disturbing?to?think?that I fail my examination
in?the?quiet?countryside 在宁静的山村

Special difficulties 难点
Exercises?A
1.?at/for 2.?to 3.?to 4.?in 5.?on
Exercises?B
1.?He?is?the?man?we?have?heard?about?so?much.
2.?The?shelf?you?put?those?books?on?has?collapsed.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）
3.Whom?did?you?receive?a?letter?from?
特殊疑问句中whom?不能省略（本句）。
定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。
省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whom, Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。
固定的动词短语
look?for：寻找（去掉for后look没有寻找的意思，所以介词for不能前置）
非固定的动词短语
look?at：注视
live?in：居住（去掉in后live仍有居住的意思，所以介词in可以前置）
This?is?the?old?house?in?which?he?lived. = This?is?the?old?house?he?lived?in.
4.This?is?the?road?we?came?by?
5.Where?is?the?pencil?you?were?playing?with?

Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1… 正确答案：D in common adv.共有 （替换了similar）
2… 正确答案：B
A）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意 B）?large?cat
persuade v.说服, 劝说
3… 答案正确：C?
做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意。文章最后一句话总结了大意
句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
4… 答案正确：C?
Make的用法：
make?somebody?do（在主动语态中不定式的符号to应该省略）
be?made?to?do（被动语态中不定式的符号to必须补充完整）
-- They made h
er wait for hours. She was made to wait for hours.
5… 答案正确： D?
A）把say改成claim就对了 （-- People?claimed?to?have?seen?the?puma.）
D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

6… 正确答案：B
原句中的?when引导的时间状语从句表示：－...就…（as?soon?as）
被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away.
主动：On?observing?her, it?immediately?ran?away.
　　　　On seeing me, he waved to me.
7… 正确答案：D
except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配（也可是when/if引导的从句形式）
unless = if...not = except?on?the?condition?that…
when = if
-- …except when they are cornered. = …except if they are cornered.
-- Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come, you are welcome.
8… 正确答案：D
A）must?be只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致
-- 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词
9… 正确答案：C
on?more?than = nothing more than = only / within = not?more?than
10… 正确答案：B
in?a?corner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地
in?a?trap 落于陷阱中
at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角）
under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中
11... 正确答案：B
fishes?for?pleasure 钓鱼消遣 travel for pleasure 外出游玩 read for pleasure 阅读消遣
12… on one's own adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地 （= alone）
　　　for one's own benefit 为了某人自己的利益
Lesson?02 Thirteen?equals?one 十三等于一
New words and expression 生词和短语
equal? v.等于
A等于B A?equals?B
Equal vt.与...相匹敌 -- None?of?us?can?equal?her, either?in?beauty?or?as?a dancer.
be?equal?to +名词（equal adj.不相上下的）
-- Mary?is?quite?equal?to?John?in?brains.（n.智力, 脑髓）
玛丽可以和约翰在脑力上相匹敌。
be?equal?to doing：有能力, 有力量来做某事??（to是介词）
-- I am equal to running the company.
vicar n.牧师
raise v.募集，筹（款） -- raise money 募集资金
提高 -- raise the price 提高物价
饲养、供养 -- raise a horse饲养一匹马
种植 -- raise wheat种植小麦
召集、招募 -- raise an army招募一支军队 （army n.陆军, 军队）
提出、发出 -- raise a cheer 发出欢呼声 （cheer n.愉快, 欢呼）
torchlight n.电筒光 torch n.手电筒
cause n.事情
church n.教堂
figure n.外形, 轮廓, 体形
grocer n.食品商人, 杂货商人
bell n.钟, 铃, 钟声, 钟形之物
tower n.塔, 城堡

Text 课文
Was?the?vicar?pleased?that?the?clock?was?striking??Why?
Our?vicar?is?always?raising?money?for?one?cause?or?another,?but?he?has?never?managed?to?get?
enough?money?to?have?the?church?clock?repaired.
现在进行时和always等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩
Tom?is?always?doing?
homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，怎么也做不完。
Tom?always?does?his?homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，不拖欠作业。
He?is?always?making?noises. 他总是吵吵闹闹，真烦人。

one?or?another：表示这样或那样

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

-- for one reason or another 处于这样或那样的原因
-- at one time or another 在这样或那样的时间
-- in one way or another 用这样或那样的方法
get?enough?money?to do sth 募集足够的资金做某事
-- I?have?to?get?enough?money?to?have?my?house?repaired.
have?something?done
1>找某人来做某事
-- have?the?church?clock?repaired
-- have?the?plane?repaired???/ -- have?hair?cut
2>某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人）
-- His?wallet?was?stolen.???? He?had?his?wallet?stolen.

The?big?clock?which?used?to?strike?the?hours?day?and?night?was?damaged?many?years?ago?
and?has?been?silent?ever?since.
used?to：过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了。
-- He?used?to?smoke?every?day.

One?night,?however,?our?vicar?woke?up?with?a?start:?the?clock?was?striking?the?hours!?
However -- 在口语中, 主要用于句首；在作文中, 最好用在句中、句尾。
　　　　　要用逗号分隔开来
-- He?said?that?it?was?so, he?was?mistaken, however.
　He?said?that?it?was?so, however, he?was?mistaken.
　他说这件事就是如此，然而他弄错了。
-- I?know?his?story, however, I?wouldn't?like?to?tell?you.
　I?know?his?story, I, however, wouldn't?like?to?tell?you.
However = Nevertheless (adv. conj.) = Nonetheless (adv.)
Start n.vt.惊跳, 惊起
-- The noise made him started(v.).
-- What a start(n.) you give me. / -- he stood up with a start(n.).

Looking at?his?watch,?he?saw?that?it?was?one?o'clock,?but?the?bell?struck?thirteen?times?
before?it?stopped.
before：...才
-- Nearly a week passed before she could explain what had happened to her.

Armed?with?a?torch,?the?vicar?went?up?into?the?clock?tower?to?see?what?was?going?on.?
Armed?with?a?torch... 过去分词
Looking at?his?watch… 现在分词
分词做状语/定语的时候，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致

In?the?torchlight,?he?caught?sight?of?a?figure?whom?he?immediately?recognized?as?Bill?Wilkins
,?our?local?grocer.
in?the?torchlight 在手电筒光下 / in the moonlight 在月光下
in the sunshine 在太阳光下 / in the candlelight 在烛光下
非正式用语中whom可以省略掉
recognized?somebody?as… 认出某人是…
regard?somebody?as 认为某人是 / think?of?somebody?as 认为某人是
treat?somebody?as 把某人对待为 / have?on?somebody?as 把某人尊敬为

'Whatever?are?you?doing?up?here?Bill?'?asked?the?vicar?in?surprise.?
Whatever中的ever用来加强语气

'I'm?trying?to?repair?the?bell,'?answered?Bill. 'I've?been?coming?up?here?night?after?night?for?
weeks?now. You?see,?I?was?hoping?to?give?you?a?surprise.'
night?after?night 一夜连着一夜
day?after?day 一天又一天 / year?after?year?
??一年又一年
week?after?week 一周又一周 / bus?after?bus 一辆车接着一辆车

'You?certainly?did?give?me?a?surprise!'?said?the?vicar.
肯定句中常用do, did, does加强语气和情感

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

色彩（一定要位于动词原形之前）
-- You do like nice today. 你今天看上去确实很不错。
-- I do like you.

'You've?probably?woken?up?everyone?in?the?village?as?well.
as?well用在句尾相当于too, 主要用于肯定句中, 但比too所表达的语意更优秀。
-- You looked nice yesterday and you look beautiful as well today.

Still,?I'm?glad?the?bell?is?working?again.'
still用于句首, 用逗号分隔开来, 表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此, 但是

‘That's?the?trouble,?vicar,’?answered?Bill.
'It's?working?all?right,?but?I'm?afraid?that?at?one?o'clock?it?will?strike?thirteen?times?and
there's?nothing?I?can?do?about?it."
There is nothing I can do about it = I am at a lose what to do（at a loss adv.困惑）

‘We'll?get?used?to?that,?Bill,’ said?the?vicar.
"Thirteen?is?not?as?good?as?one,?but?it's?better?than?nothing.?Now?let's?go?downstairs?and
have?a?cup?of?tea.'?
get?used?to / be?used?to / be?accustomed?to / get?accustomed?to?都表示习惯于???
get强调渐近的过程,??be强调习惯了的状态

Special difficulties 难点
in?
1>与表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用, 在句中起状语作用。
in?surprise惊奇地 / in?astonishment惊愕的
in?alarm恐吓的 / in?embarrassment窘迫的
in?amazement极为惊讶 / in?despair绝望的
in?dismay沮丧的 /?in?anger恼火的 /?in?disappointment失望的
2>表示以、用。用于语言, 书写材料, 色彩或声音等方面。
in?English /?in?pencil /?in?ink /?in?oil 用颜料 /?in?red用红色 /?in?code用代码
in?such?a?high?voice 用这么高的声音 /?in?a?few?words 用几句话
3>表示状态、情况或处境
in?trouble /?in?difficulty在困境中 /?in?bed在床上 /?in?a?hurry匆忙的
in?debt负债 / in?love?with?sb爱上某人 /?in?tears流着泪
in?good?order有条不紊, 整齐, 情况正常 / in?good?repair维修良好
in?good?health?身体好 / in?poor?health身体坏
in?the?bad?mood情绪坏 /?in?the?good?mood情绪好
in?haste匆忙的 /?in?a?favor?of?excitement 欣喜若狂
in?poverty 在贫穷中 /?in?luxury奢侈的
Exercise：
very?quickly?= in?a?hurry
eventually?= in?the?end? （eventually adv.最后, 终于）
be?seen?=?in?sight
with?a?pen = in?ink / with?a?pencil?= in?pencil
which?they?share?=?in?common （share v.共享）
crying?= in?tears

Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1...?D
in order adv.整齐, 状况良好, 适宜
out of order adv.次序颠倒, 不整齐, 状态不好 （= was damaged）
2... B
3...?C
为…表示感谢：be?grateful?for… / be?thankful?for…
不辞辛劳地做某事：take?the?trouble?to?do?sth.
4... B in?the?past?是过去时态的标志；always用在实意动词之前

5... D stroke n.击, 敲, 报时的钟声
强调句式结构：It?was?not?until...that... —?直到…才…
-- It?was?not?until?midnight?that?snow?stopped. —?直到半夜, 雪才停了。
6...

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

B 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序
7... C Mend vt.修理, 修补
突出结果或者对现在的影响, 用现在完成时。
8... A get used to doing 表示习惯于 （to是介词）
9... B
fund?基金； cash?现金； scholarship?奖学金； investment?投资
10... A run?a?shop 经营商店
11... A night?after?night = every?night
12... C
still 1>adv.仍, 仍然, 还
-- He came yesterday and he is still here. 他昨天来的，现仍在此。
still 2>adv.(连接副词) 尽管如此, 依旧, 仍然（表达一种坚持的态度）
相当于in?spite?of?that, even?though, just?the?same）
-- It's?raining；Still,?I?must?go?out.
-- This picture?is?not?too?valuable；Still,?I?like?it.
Yet conj.但是, 然而（表示一种转折的关系）
I?have?failed, yet?I?shall?try?again.

Lesson?03 An?unknown?goddess 无名女神
New words and expression 生词和短语
goddess(tile) n.女神
archaeologist n.考古学家
Aegean adj.爱琴海的
Explore v.考察，勘探
-- The?archaeologists?are?exploring?the?cave.
exploration? n.探险 / explorer? n.探险家

promontory n.海角

prosperous adj.?（经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
-- our?finance?is?prosperous 我们的经济非常的繁荣。（Finance n.财政, 金融）
thriving adj.昌盛的，兴旺的 -- thriving business
booming adj.蓬勃的，景气的 -- a booming market繁荣的市场
flourishing adj.繁茂的，健康的
-- Those plants are flourishing. 那些植物长得茂盛。

civilization n.???文明 / civilize? vt.使开化, 使文明
-- high?level?of?civilization 高度文明

storey n.楼层 （story的变体）
drainage n.排水

worship n.v.祟拜 / respect vt.尊敬, 尊重 / admire v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕
-- Who?do?you?worship?in?the?world?
Warship ?n.军舰, 战船

Sacred adj.宗教的, 神圣的
-- sacred?music?圣乐 / sacred?promise?神圣的诺言
Holy adj.?神圣的, 圣洁的
-- a holy person. 圣洁的人 / a holy place. 神圣的地方
Solemn adj.?庄严的, 庄重的
-- a solemn face 严肃的面孔 / a solemn ceremony 隆重的仪式

Fragment n.碎片
Remains n.遗物，遗迹，废墟

Classical adj.（希腊和罗马）古文化的（即传统的）；文科的, 人文科学的
-- classical?music 古典音乐 / classical?education 人文科学教育
Classic adj.?第一流的, 标准的, 著名的, 典型的
-- This?is?the?classic?example?of?love?at?the?first?sight.
Classic n.杰作, 经典之作
-- That joke's a classic; it really is funny. "这个笑话确属一流,真是妙趣横生。"

Reconstruct v.修复 （Re --重新, 再次）
Construct vt.构造, 建造, 组织（通过装配或组合部件而构成）
-- construct?a?sentence / c
onstruct?a?broken?statuary（n.雕象）
-- build a?house 造建筑物 / put?up?a?tent
construction? n.建设, 建造
constructive? adj.有教育意义的
constructor? n.建造者,

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

建设者
erect vt.盖, 使竖立, 使直立（build?high?buildings）
-- erect?a monument 建造纪念碑 / erect?a clock?tower 建造钟楼
setup /?establish /?found 建立
-- setup?students'?union 学生会 （union n.联盟, 协会）
-- establish?a?school / establish a rule 设立一条规则
-- found?a?country 建立一个国家

Rest v.倚放, 放置

Hip n.屁股, 臀部
Hip n.?[口]在服用兴奋剂、宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；
　　　adj.通晓的，见闻广的
-- Mary?is?a?real?hip. 玛丽是个爱赶时髦的人。
-- The?guy?isn't?a?hip. 这家伙什么都不懂。
Joined?at?the?hip??表示交情极厚的
-- These?two?are?joined?at?the?hip.
shoot?from?the?hip 信口开河
-- Sorry, I?said?that?I?shouldn't?have?shot?from?the?hip.

full-length adj.（裙衣）拖地长的, 全长的, 全身的
-- a?full-length?dress 拽地长裙
full-grown adj.生长完全的, 发育完全的
full time n.专职, 全部时间

graceful adj.优雅的
-- a?graceful?lady
elegant adj.优雅的（举止） -- an elegant gentleman. 举止文雅的绅士

identity n.???身份
ancient adj.远古的, 旧的
decorate vt.装饰；点缀
clay n.粘土, 泥土
Roman adj.罗马的, 罗马人的 n.罗马人
Rome n.罗马(意大利首都)
Indeed adv.真正地, (加强语气)确实

Text 课文
How?did?the?archaeologists?know?that?the?statue?was?a?goddess?
Some?time?ago,?an?interesting?discovery?was?made?by?archaeologists?on?the?Aegean?island?
of?Kea.
some time 1>经过若干时间 2>在未来的某时
sometime adv.在某一时候, 曾经, 有一天
sometimes adv.不时, 有时
中文习惯用主动语态。
英文习惯用被动语态。以事件、结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述。

An?American?team?explored?a?temple?which?stands?in?an?ancient?city?on?the?promontory?of?
Ayia?Irini.
which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple。（which?=?that）
stand(不及物)?=?lie(不及物) 位于
　　　　　　= situate(及物) 使位于, 使处于
　　　　　　= locate(及物) 使...坐落于, 位于
which?stands?in... = which?lies?in… = which?is?located in… = which is situated?in...
Stand 1 >身高 2>表示高高坐落于, 矗立于
-- She?stands?1.75m. 她身高1.75米
-- A?great?tree?stands?on?the?mount. 一棵大树竖立在山上。

The?city?at?one?time?must?have?been?prosperous,?for?it?enjoyed?a?high?level?of?civilization.
for?引导原因状语从句：对主句的附加说明和解释，提供更多的信息。
because?引导原因状语从句：强调原因。
-- The?day?broke?for?the?birds?were?singing.
at?one?time 表达曾经, 一度（过去时态的标志, = once）
must?have?been?对过去事实肯定的推测
enjoyed?a?high?l
evel?of?civilization 享有高度文明

Houses?--?often?three?storeys?high?--?were?built?of?stone. They?had?large?rooms?with?
beautifully?decorated?wall

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

s.
With… 具有…
-- a?young?man?with?broad?shoulders / an?old?lady?with?black?hair
beautifully?decorated 过去分词做定语
-- a?beautifully?dressed?lady?衣着漂亮的女士
-- a?deserted?car park 废弃的停车场
-- a?white?painted?door 被刷成白色的门
现在分词做定语, 被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系
-- a?boy?climbing?the?tree 正在爬树的男孩
-- the?students?reading?in?the?room 正在房间里读书的学生

The?city?was?equipped?with?a?drainage?system,?for?a?great?many?clay?pipes?were?found?
beneath?the?narrow?streets.
be?equipped?with 配备, 装备 （equip vt.装备, 配备）
air conditioning 空气调节装置 / air conditioner 空气调节机, 空调设备
-- The?car?was?equipped?with?air?conditioning.
for?引导原因状语从句
在正下方：Beneath = under?
-- beneath?the?narrow?streets = under?the?narrow?streets
-- He?is?standing?under/beneath?the?umbrella.
在进行中：只能用under
-- under?control? 控制之中 / under?discussion 讨论之中 / under?repairs修理之中
below?在下方（强调在斜下方）
-- She?is?sitting?below?the?window

The?temple?which?the?archaeologists?explored?was?used?as?a?place?of?worship?from?the?
fifteenth?century?B.C.?until?Roman?times.
be?used?as / be?used?to?be 把…用作为
-- The?box?was?used?as?a?desk?in?the?small?village?school.
-- The?wooden?box?was?used?as?a?bookcase.
be?used?to do 被用来做…
-- The?wooden?box?is?used?to?contain?books

In?the?most?sacred?room?of?temple,?clay?fragments?of?fifteen?statues?were?found.
Each?of?these?represented?a?goddess?and?had,?at?one?time,?been?painted.
represent? vt.代表
-- I?represent?all?the?classmates.

The?body?of?one?statue?was?found?among?remains?dating?from?the?fifteenth?century?B.C.
dating?现在分词, 修饰remains
date from = date back to （开始于…, 起始于…）
-- The?custom?dating?from?1990. （custom n.习惯, 风俗）
-- The?tradition?dates?from?the?time?when?his?grandfather?was?young.
-- The?castle?dates?from?the?14th?century. = The?castle?dates?back?to?the?14th?century.
城堡建造于14世纪

Its?missing?head?happened?to?be?among?remains?of?the?fifth?century?B.C.
happen?to 偶然, 碰巧（强调事情的偶然发生）
-- I?happen?to?have?driven?that?kind?of?car. 我恰巧开过那种车。
-- He?happened?to?find?the?ticket?in?his?pocket.
It?happens?that +从句
-- It?happened?that?I?met?her?on?my?way?to?work.
　= I?happened?to?meet?her?on?my?way?work.
happen?on 碰巧碰上
-- I?happened?on?this?old?picture?in?the?back?of?the?drawer.
我偶然的在抽屉的背面发现了这张旧照片。
-- Guess, who?did I?happen?on?while?I?was?in?London?last?month?
This?head?must?have?been?found?in?Classical?times?and?carefully?preserved.
It?was?very?old?and?precio
us?even?then.
When?the?archaeologists?reconstructed?the?fragments,?they?were?amazed?to?find?that?the?
goddess?turned?out?to?be?a?very?modern-l

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

ooking?woman.
Reconstruct = put?together, piece?together, restore（vt.恢复, 使回复）
Amazed = very?much?surprised
surprised > astonished > amazed > astounded 感到惊讶（语气递增）
to?find... / to?discover... / to?realize... / to see…
-- I'm?not?surprised?to?see?you?here

1> turn?out…（表示结果）结果是, 原来是 （= prove, 都表示系动词）
　turn?out (to?be)+?n./adj.
-- The?concert?turned?out?to?be?a?failure.
-- Our?party?turned?out?(to?be) a?success. 我们的聚会非常的成功。
2> It?turned?out?+ that从句 （it作形式主语）
　　It?turned?out?+其它名词从句
-- It?turned?out?that?the?diamonds?had?been?in?the?bank?all?the?time.
原来钻石一直都在银行里保存着。
-- It?turned?out?that?his?statement?was?false. 原来他的话是假的。
3> as?it?turns?out… 后来人们发现…
-- As?it?turned?out, there?was?no?need?to?worry. 后来人们发现, 没有必要担心。
-- As?it?turned?out, the?report?was?mistaken. 后来人们发现, 报告被弄错了

She?stood?three?feet?high?and?her?hands?rested?on?her?hips.
rest?on v.被搁在, 停留在, 信赖?
=?depend?on（依靠, 依赖）/ lean?on（靠着）
-- His?hand?rested?lightly?on?my?shoulder

She?was?wearing?a?full-length?skirt?which?swept?the?ground.
which?swept?the?ground 近一步说明拖地的，拽地的

Despite?her?great?age,?she?was?very?graceful?indeed,?but,?so?far,?the?archaeologists?have?been?
unable?to?discover?her?identity.
But, so far, the?archaeologists?have?been?unable?to?discover?her?identity.
= It?is?still?a?problem?for?the?archaeologists?up?to?now.
Despite = in?spite?of?（两者都是介词），后面+?名词/动名词
so?far, up?to?now 完成时的标志
discover?her?identity = find?out?her?identity

Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... D 'Its?missing?head?happened?to?be?among?remains?of?the?fifth?century?B.C.'
2... D be?employed?in 被应用在...方面
this?is?confirmed?by?the?fact?that?引导同位语从句，补充说明fact的内容????
3... A in?doing?sth 在...方面
4... D prosperity n.繁荣（不可数）
know 1>知道, 认识
　　　2>（文学用语）经历过, 曾经有过（= experience, 比experience更加正式）
-- He knew poverty in his early days. 他早年有过痛苦的经历
5... B since：自从 （主干的时态为现在完成时）
6... C
to?one's?surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是
在句中可做独立的状语, 句子的主语不必是某个人
-- To?my?great?disappointment?the?train?had?already?left
with?surprise 惊讶地 （With?satisfaction/delight/dismay）
必须与行为动词连用, 句子的主语必须是某个人
-- He?smoked?his?last?cigarette?with?satisfaction.
-- He?went?home?w
ith?dismay.
-- To?our?dismay?the?party?proved?to?be?a?failure.
7... B despite?=?in?spite?of?(可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)
8… B so?far：现在完成时的标志
如果用p

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

ossible/impossible, 就要采用形势主语it
-- So far, it?has?been?impossible?for?the?archaeologists?to?discover?her?identity.
9... A Holy adj.?神圣的, 圣洁的
religious 宗教的 / frightening 令人害怕的 / colourful 丰富多彩的
10... D in good condition情况良好 = in good state
well?done 侧重强调做得好
conserve vt.保存, 保藏 （= keep?from?being?wasted, damaged, lost, destroyed）
????????? “不用尽或耗尽某物，保留”
-- Conserve?your?energy?you?needed. （energy n.精力, 精神）
你该养精蓄锐，你回用得上的。
-- We?must?conserve?our?forest.
maintain vt.维持, 维修 -- 通过修缮保养, 不使...破损（强调动作的过程）
11... B turn?out = prove, 都表示系动词
resolve vt,vi决定 vt.(使)分解, 溶解
-- He resolved on going out. 他决定出去。
12... B
so?far = until?now, up?till?now
beforehand (adv.预先) = in?advance (adv.预先)
at?this?distance?of/in?time 时隔已久
-- I?can?hardly?remember?him?at?this?distance?of?time. 时隔这么久, 我几乎想不起来他了。
Lesson?04 The?double?life?of?Alfred?Bloggs
New words and expression 生词和短语
Double adj.两倍的, 双重的
manual adj.体力的 （= physical adj.身体的, 物质的）
manual?work 体力工作
mental?work 脑力工作
collar n.衣领
white-collar adj.白领阶层的, 脑力劳动者（those who do?mental?work）
blue-collar adj蓝领阶级的, 工人阶级的（those who do?manual?work）
get hot?under the?collar 怒气冲天
-- He got hot under the collar when he knew that they laughed at him.
sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 （to?give?up?for?good?purpose）
-- sacrifice?one's?life?for?the?country
-- sacrifice?time
sacrifice n.牺牲 （-- make?many?sacrifices）
privilege n.好处 （= advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益）
-- sacrifice?one's?advantage/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处
privilege n.特权, 特别待遇（= special?right）
-- give?sb the?privilege?of?doing?sth 特许某人做某事
privileged a.荣幸的
-- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.
dustman n.清洁工
corporation n.公司
overalls n.工作服
shower n.淋浴
secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隐秘的
Confidential adj.机密的
keep?secret 保密
-- It's?between?you?and?me. 此事只介于你我之间。
-- I'll?keep?it?to?myself. 我会保守秘密的。
in?secret 私下里（= secretly, in?private, privately） -- I?was?told?about?it?in?secret.
in?the?secret 知道内情 -- He?was?in?the?secret?from?the?beginning
status n.地位（= social?position）
statue n.雕像, 塑像
rise n.发生, 出现
loss n.损失
fellow n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的

Text 课文
Why?did?Alf?want?a?white-collar?job?
T
hese?days,?people?who?do?manual?work?often?receive?far?more?money?than?people?who
work?in?offices.
people?who?do?manual?work = blue-collar?wor

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

kers
people who do?mental?work = white-collar?workers = people?who?work?in?offices
for?more?money（far副词用来加强语气= much）

People?who?work?in?offices?are?frequently?referred?to?as?"white-collar?workers'?for?the
simple?reason?that?they?usually?wear?a?collar?and?tie?to?go?to?work.
refer?to...as?=?regard...as 把...看作为
-- I?always?refer?to?him?as?bookworm（n.书呆子）
for?the?simple?reason = for? 引导的原因状语从句
for?the?reason?that多用于正式文体，because多用于口语中。
-- He is refer to as a book worm for the simple reason that he spare no efforts reading.
-- He was send to prison for he could not pay his debts.

Such?is?human?nature,?that?a?great?many?people?are?often?willing?to?sacrifice?higher?pay?for?
the?privilege?of?becoming?white-collar?workers.
human?nature 人性
such...that... （that引导同位语从句, 进一步补充说明such的基本内涵）
-- His?kindness?was?such?that?we?will?never?forget?him.
　= Such?was?his?kindness that… （such在句首要倒装）
　= He was so kind that?we?will?never?forget?him.
-- Such?is?human?nature?that?we?want?to?get?a?lot?of?things?free.
介词for表示一种目的
be?willing?to?do?sth = be?ready?to?do?sth 心甘情愿做

This?can?give?rise?to?curious?situations,?as?it?did?in?the?case?of?Alfred?Bloggs?who?worked?as
a?dustman?for?the?Ellesmere?Corporation.
give?rise?to =（lead to v.导致, 通向）（cause vt.引起, 惹起）（result?in v.导致）
-- Such?conduct?might?give?rise?to?misunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。
　　　
-- The?bad?conditions?have?given?rise?to?a?lot?of?crimes. 不良的环境引起了犯罪。

in?the?case?of 就...来说, 关于, 就...而言 （= concerning prep.关于, 涉及, 就...说）
-- Stealing?is no?shame?in?the?case?of?him. 偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。
in?case?of（副词）万一, 以防 （in case conj.万一）
-- You?should?ensure?your?house?in?case?of?fire. （ensure vt.保证; 担保, 保险）
-- Take umbrella in case of rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。
who引导定语从句

When?he?got?married,?Alf?was?too?embarrassed?to?say?anything?to?his?wife?about?his?job.
too?embarrassed?to?say 太尴尬而没有说明
be?ashamed?of 感到羞愧, 惭愧
-- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.
marry 强调动作 （-- He?married?the?girl. 他娶了这个女孩。）
get?married 强调过程（-- Last year they got married.）
be?married?to?sb 强调状态（-- The?old?man?has?been?married?to?his?wife?for?50?years.）

He?simply?told?her?that?he?worked?for?the?Corporation.
Simply 副词--用来修饰限定动词told

Every?morning,?he?left?home?dressed?in?a?smart?black?suit.
dressed?in?a?smart?black?suit --形容词短语表示一种状态 打方框代表有问题
--
He?go?to?work?dressed?in?a?beautiful?coat.
-- He?left?home?wearing?a?smart?black?suit.

He?then?changed?into?overalls?and?spent?the?next?ei

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

ght?hours?as?a?dustman.
changed?into 换上 / change back into 换回

Before?returning?home?at?night.?He?took?a?shower?and?changed?back?into?his?suit.
Before?returning?home = Before?he?returned?home
Before和动名词搭配, 相当于Before引导的时间状语从句。
如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语
-- After?getting?home, he?had?a?good?rest.
-- Before?having?dinner, he?finished?all?his?homework.
Alf did?this?for?over?two?years?and?his?fellow?dustmen?kept?his?secret.
Alf's?wife?has?never?discovered?that?she?married?a?dustman?and?she?never?will,?for?Alf?
has?just?found?another?job. He?will?soon?be?working?in?an?office.
she?never?will = she?will?never?discover?the?secret
在省略句式中, never要放在助动词之前
-- “will?you?go?to?see?her?”
-- “I?will?never?to?to?see?her" = "No, I?never?will."
He?will?be?earning?only?half?as?much?as?he?used?to,?but?he?feels?that?his?rise?in?status?is?well
worth?the?loss?of?money.
half?as?much?as
half / a?quarter / twice / three?times + as...as... 表示倍数
-- I?won't?marry?a?man?who?is?twice?as?old?as?me.
-- We?got?three?times?as?many?people?as?we?expected.
-- This?room?is?about?three?times?as?large?as?that?one.
是...的几倍：...as +形容词或副词原形+ as...
比...多几倍：...times +形容词或副词比较级+ than…
-- This?road?is?four?times?longer?than?that?one. = This?road?is?five?times?as?long?as?that?one.
What?he?obtained?is?well?worth?the?loss?of?time. 他的所得是值得花时间的。
well?副词用来加强语气, 修饰形容词worth
From?now?on,?he?will?wear?a?suit?all?day?and?others?will?call?him?'Mr.?Bloggs',?not?'Alf'.
Special difficulties 难点
impossibility n.不可能之事, 不可能
grant vt.同意, 准予

A. 两类词汇：
1>tell, give等动词可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语，指人的间接宾语）
-- He?told?a?story?to?me. = He?told?me?a?story?.
2>explain, say等动词只能代一个(直接)宾语, 在间接宾语前要用介词to
-- He explain the difficult to me. / He said nothing to me.
-- She?speaks?English?to?her?husband?and?Swedish?to?her?children.
-- He?admitted?his?guilt?to?the?police.（guilt n.罪行, 内疚）
-- Did?you?suggest?this?idea?to?him?
当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语之后（但say除外）
-- I?explained?to?him?the?impossibility?of?granting?his?request.
　= I explained the?impossibility?of?granting?his?request to him.
-- He?confessed?to?me?that?he?had?fallen?asleep?during?the?meeting.
　= He?confessed?that?he?had?fallen?asleep?during?the?meeting to?me.
confide vt., vi.
1> 倾诉（与in连用）
-- Jone felt she could only confide in her mother
. 琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐心中的秘密。
2> 吐露 (心事、秘密等), 与to连用
-- One evening he came and confided to me that he had spent five years in prison.
　有一天晚上他到我家来向我

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

吐露他曾坐过五年牢。
　
B.“Worth"后面只能跟名词或动名词
-- His?suggestion?is?worth?considering.
-- His?rise?in?status?is?worth?the?loss?of?money.

Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... A illustrate vt.阐明, 阐述
“...a?great?many?people?are?often?willing?to?sacrifice?higher?pay?for?the?privilege?of?becoming?
white-collar?worker"
2... C double?life
3... D "...he?feels?that?his?rise?in?status?is?well?worth?the?loss?of?money"
previous adj.在前的, 早先的
respect n.某方面 vt.尊敬, 尊重
4... B to?go?可以省略
They?usually?go?to?work?wearing?a?collar?and?tie.
5... D "Alfred?was?too?embarrassed?to?say?anything?to?his?wife?about?his?job."
too...to…（不定式to表示否定）
so...that…（在that引导的结果状语从句中, 如果采用否定式，可以和too...to?互换）
-- The?water?is?too?hot?for?us?to?drink. = The?water?is?so?hot?that?we?can't?drink.
6... C "He?simply?told?her?that?he?worker?of?the?Corporation"
simply副词（仅仅是, 再没有别的了= only, just）
无论是simply, only还是just，往往用在所修饰的主体词之前。
-- I?did?it?simply/only?for?the?money
-- I?don't?like?driving. I?do?it?simply/only?because?I?have?to?go?to?work?each?day.
and?no?more（放句尾）
in?a?simple?way 简单地, 简朴地
-- She?was?always?dressed?in?a?simple?way.
7... B
Before是介词和动名词形式搭配。 -- Before?returning?home...
Before是连接词，引导时间状语从句。 -- Before?he?returned?home...
before?引导的从句, 常用一般现在时或一般过去时, 不用进行时。
8... C "half?as?much?as?it?used?to?be"
the?amount?要用定语从句进行限定
当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，used?to之后的动词必须省略掉
当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，used?to之后必须带有系动词be.
-- I?feel?the?summers?are?hotter?than?they?used?to?be.
-- I?feel?you?are?much?fatter?than?you?used?to?be.
9... D gain：获利, 赢得（表示通过努力）
-- gain time, gain reputation, gain speed, gain height
fee：（为专业服务支付的）费用
-- doctor's?fees 医疗费 / the?lawyer's?fees 律师费
-- pay?for?my?university?fees 支付我的大学学费
payment：（商业、信贷）支付的款项（非常正式）
wages：（体力劳动者的）工资
salary：（白领的）薪水
10... B companion n.同伴, 共事者 comrade n.朋友, 同志, 伙伴
11... C "well?worth?the?loss?of?money"
pay?back 偿还, 报复
reward 酬劳 value 价值
compensate v.偿还, 补偿
compensate?for赔偿 = make?up?for弥补
-- His intelligence more than compensate?for his lack of experience.
12... A call = addressed as被称为
name命名 / cry?out喊叫 / shout v.呼喊, 呼叫
Les
son?05 The?facts 确切数字
New words and expression 生词和短语
Editor n.编辑
Edit vt.编辑
-- edit magazine, edit newspaper
Edition n.编辑
Editorial

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

adj.编辑的, 主编的 n.社论, 评论
extreme n.极端
go?to?extreme(s)?to?do… 做某事走极端
-- He?went?to?extreme?to?say?that?the?play?was?the?best?one.
-- He?went?to?extremes?to?say?that?his?girlfriend?was?the?most?beautiful?in?the?world.
go?from?one?extreme?to?the?other 从一个极端走向另一个极端
statistics n.统计数字
journalist n.新闻记者
reporter n.(电视台)记者
correspondent n.(电台)记者, 通讯员
president n.总统
palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅
publish v.出版 = print(vt.), go?to?press(vi.)
-- The?book?has?already?been?published. = The?book?has?already?been?printed.
-- The?book?has?gone?to?press.
-- They?have?already?published?the?magazine.
Fax n.传真 （-- send?a?fax）
impatient adj.不耐烦的
patience（n.耐性） patient（adj.有耐心的） patiently（adv.有耐心地）
impatience（n.不耐烦） impatient（adj.不耐烦的） impatiently（adv.不耐烦地）
fire v.解雇（口语）
-- He?was?fired?from?his?job
dismiss vt.解雇（正式）
-- The?manage?dismissed?him?from?his?company.
Sack vt.解雇, 辞退（俚语, 口语）
-- If?you?do?it?wrong?again?you?will?be?sacked.
Originally adv.起初，原先，从前 / original? adj.最初的, 原始的

Text 课文
What?was?the?consequence?of?the?editor's?insistence?on?facts?and?statistics?
Consequence n.结果
Insistence n.坚持, 坚决主张

Editors?of?newspapers?and?magazines?often?go?to?extremes?to?provide?their?reader?with?
unimportant?facts?and?statistics.
go?to?extremes 走极端
provide = supply 给...提供（通常与介词搭配连用）
provide?sb with?sth / provide?sth?for?sb
-- He?provided?them?with?a?bed?for?the?night.
　= He?provided?a?bed?for?them?for?the?night
Last?year?a?journalist?had?been?instructed?by?a?well-known?magazine?to?write?an?article?on?
the?president's?palace?in?a?new?African?republic.
本句= A?well-known?magazine?instructed?a?journalist?to?write?an?article?on?the?president's?palace?
in?a new?African?republic.
African n.非洲人 adj.非洲的
Republic n.共和国, 共和政体
Instruct vt.教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知
instruct?sb to?do?sth.= tell?sb?formally?to?do?sth 正式告诉某人做某事
-- The?teacher?instructed?him?to?take?the?examination.
On = about 侧重强调课题专一
-- a?book?on?radio
When?the?article?arrived,?the?editor?read?the?first?sentence?and?then?refuse?to?publish?it.
When?the?article?arrived = When?the?editor?received?the?article
refuse vt.拒绝（态度严厉）
-- I invited him to dinner, but he refused me.
decline vt.婉言谢绝
repudiate vt.断然拒绝
The?article?began:?'Hundreds?of?steps?lead?to?the?high?wall?which?surrounds?the?president's?
palace'.
which?指代the?high?wall
The?editor?
at?once?sent?the?journalist?a?fax?instructing?him?find?out?the?exact?number?of?
steps?and?the?height?of?the?wall.
Instructing(现在分词)进一步补充说明fax的

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

情况
-- he send me a letter instructing me to come back immediately
The?journalist?immediately?set?out?to?obtain?these?important?facts,?but?he?took?a?long?time
to?send?them.
set?out?to?do?=?decide?and?try?to?do 决定, 打算, 着手做...
= set?about?doing 决定, 打算, 着手做...
-- He?set?out?to?make?his?first?1,000,000?in?5?years.
take?sb a?long?time?to?do?sth 某事花了某人很久的时间
-- It?took?me?five?days?to?write?the?article.
Meanwhile,?the?editor?was?getting?impatient,?for?the?magazine?would?soon?go?to press.
He?sent?the?journalist?two?more?faxes,?but?received?no?reply.
two?more?faxes = another?two?faxes
He?sent?yet?another?fax?informing?the?journalist?that?if?he?did?not?reply?soon?he?would?be?
fired.
When?the?journalist?again?failed?to?reply,?the?editor?reluctantly?published?the?article?as?it?
had?originally?been?written.
reluctantly = unwilling 勉勉强强地, 不情愿地
as?it?bad?originally?been?written = in?its?original?way
A?week?later,?the?editor?at?last?received?a?fax?from?the?journalist.
Not?only?had?the?poor?man?been?arrested,?but?he?had?been?sent?to?prison?as?well.
Not?only位于句首, 必须采用倒装形式。
本句 = The?poor?man?had?not?only?been?arrested, but?had?been?sent?to?prison?as?well.
倒装：（部分倒装）
1>否定副词位于句首, 要倒装。
never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no?sooner
scarcely adv.几乎不, 简直没有
nowhere adv.无处, 到处都无
-- Never?have?I?read?such?stories. 我从来也没读过这样的小说。
-- Nowhere?can?he?find?the?book?he?wants. 无论在哪他也找不到他要的书。
-- Hardly?did?I?think?it?possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。
2>含有only的状语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
-- Only?then?did?he?realize?that?he?had?made?a?mistake.
-- Only?when?a?great?deal?more?information?has?been?obtained?will?it?be?possible?to?plan?a?trip.
3>含有not的副词短语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
not for a second 决不, 毫不 / not in the least 绝不, 一点也不
not?for?an?instant, not?until
-- Not?in?the?least?is?he?interested?in?English?literature. 他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。
-- Not?for?an?instant?did?I?believe?he?had?lied. 我根本不认为他说了慌。
4>含有no的短语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
at?on?time, in?no?way?, in?no?sense, by?no?means, in?no?case, on?no?account, on?no?condition,
under?no?circumstances （都表示‘绝不’）
circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况
-- Under?no?circumstances?can?we?accept?the?check. 我们无论如何也不能接受这笔钱。
-- On?no?account?must?you?leave?the?baby?in?the?house. 你无论如何也不能把留在房间里。
5> so?such?位于句首, 句子要倒装。

However,?he?had?at?last?been?allowed?to?send?a?fax?in?which?he?informed?the?edit
or?that?the?
he?had?been?arrested?while?counting?the?1,084?steps?leading?to?the?fifteen-foot?wall?which?
surrounded?the?president's?palace.
h

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

e?had?at?last?been?allowed = he?had?at?last?been?permitted = he?had?asked?for?permission
请求被允许做某事：be?allowed?to?do, be?permitted?to?do, asked?for?permission?to?do?sth
permit v.许可,允许,准许 permission n.许可, 允许
in?which?-- which指代fax
while和现在分词搭配, 做时间状语, 表示“正在做某事的过程中”。
-- 可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。
-- While counting… = while?he?was?counting…
现在分词做定语：
-- the?steps?leading?to?the?president's?palace 通向王宫的台阶。
-- the?road?leading?to?the?forest 通向森林的路。
fifteen-foot做前置定语, 这里的名词必须上单数形式。
which引导的定语从句修饰wall, which指代wall。
-- wall which surrounded… （= wall surrounding…）
为了避免和前面的现在分词句式结构(leading)相同所以没有用surrounding.

Special difficulties 难点here
倒装的用法
1.Not?only?has?he?made?this?mistake?before?but?he?will?make?it?again.
2.Only?then?did?I?realize?what?was?happening
3.Never?will?I?trust?him?again.
4.Seldom?do?you?find?traffic?wardens?who?are?kind?and?helpful.
traffic warden n. 交通管理员 （warden n.监护人；看守人）

Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1… C
excuse n.理由, 借口 beyond prep.除…以外 satisfy vt.满足, 使满意
dissatisfy vt.使感觉不满, 不满足 factual adj.事实的, 实际的 content n.内容
2… B
3... A activity n.行动, 行为 / suspicious adj.可疑的, 怀疑的
4… B 课文中的and then强调动作的先后。 -- Having?seen?the?movie, they?went?for?a?walk.
6... D a reply表示“任意”的一个答复
7... B? unless = if?not 一般过去时
8… C? inform?sb of/about sth
9… C public n.公众, (特定的)人群 audience n.听众, 观众 lecture n.演讲
10…?B print = publish
press n.压, 按 go to press 交付印刷
pressing adj.紧迫的；迫切的
impress vt.盖印, 留下印象
11...?D? innocent adj.清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的 unfortunate adj.不幸的
12...?D? 请求允许做某事：ask?for?permission?to?do?sth
　　　　允许某人做某事：be?given?permission?to?do?sth
　　　　admit + 名词/动名词/that从句
　　　　
Lesson?06 Smash-and-grab 砸橱窗抢劫
New words and expression 生词和短语
smash-and-grab n.砸橱窗抢劫
smash vt.打碎, 粉碎（= break?sth into?pieces?violently）violently adv.猛烈地
-- Smash the car.
Smash vi.打碎, 粉碎（-- The?dishes?smashed?on?the?floor.）
smash?into 撞击到某处 （-- The bus smashed into a tree.）
grab v.抢夺, 掠夺, 夺取（= seize?suddenly）
-- He grabbed me by the arm.
-- He grabbed the coin and
ran off. 他抓起硬币就跑了。
snatch vt.抢, 夺取（= catch?sth/sb?suddenly?and?violently）
-- The big bird snatches the hen from the ground.
Seize v.抓住, 逮

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

住, 夺取（强调抓住、抓到的结果）　
-- Fear?seized?her. 她突然感觉很恐惧。
catch vt.捕获, 赶上(车船等) （= get?hold?of?sth/sb?moving）
-- catch mouse / catch bus / catch a thief
Grasp 强调“掌握”
-- We have already grasped six thousand words.
Hold 强调抓牢、抓紧（catch hold of 抓住）
-- He is holding an umbrella.
arcade n.有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）
Piccadilly n.皮卡迪利大街
Jewellery n.珠宝（总称）
Necklace n.项链
Ring n.戒指
Background n.背景 （on?the?background?of?sth.）
-- background?information 背景资料
-- a?man?of?excellent?background 有很好的背景的人
velvet n.天鹅绒，丝绒
headlight n.（汽车等）前灯
blare v.发嘟嗜声，吼叫
staff n.全体工作人员
raid n.偷袭 / raid vt., vi.袭击, 突击
scramble v.爬行（= creep?quickly）
-- The two thieves scrambled into their car.
Climb vt.爬上（-- climb up the tree）
Mount vt.登上（-- mount the hill）
Fantastic adj.?非常大的
1> = very?great / very large 非常大的
-- a fantastic sum of money = a very large sum of money
2> = strange adj.奇怪的, 奇异的
-- a strange dream = a fantastic dream
3> = wonderful adj.极好的, 美好的, 极妙的
-- a fantastic play.
ashtray n.烟灰缸

owner n.所有者, 业主
admire vt. 以赞赏的眼光看着
busily adv.忙碌地
arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
horn n.(牛、羊等的)角, 喇叭
roar vi.吼叫, 怒号
jeweler n.珠宝商, 宝石匠,钟表匠
wheel n.（汽车的）方向盘
iron n.铁 adj.铁的
furniture n.家具
diamond n.钻石, 菱形

Text 课文
How?did?Mr.?Taylor?try?to?stop?the?thieves?
The?expensive?shops?in?a?famous?arcade near?Piccadilly?were?just?"opening.
介词短语修饰shops
-- The?shoe?shop?in?my?neighborhood?was?just?opening.
在我家附近的鞋店刚刚开门营业

At?this?time?of?the?morning,?the?arcade?was?almost?empty.

Mr.?Taylor,?the?owner?of?a?jewellery?shop?was?admiring?a?new?window display.
BeiJing, our?capital, is?developing?enormously.
-- enormously adv.非常地, 巨大地（= at?fantastic?speed）

Two?of?his?assistants?had?been?working?busily?since?eight?o'clock?and?had?only?just?finished.
Diamond?necklaces?and?rings?had?been?beautifully?arranged?on?a?background?of?black?
velvet.

After?gazing?at?the?display?for?several?minutes,?Mr.?Taylor?went?back?into?his?shop.
After gazing at… = After he gazed at…
After having gazed at… = After he had gazed at…

The?silence?was?suddenly?broken?when?a?large?car,?with?its?headlights?on?and?its?horn?
blaring,?roared?down?the?arcade.
with的符合结构：（独立主格结构）
1
>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用现在分词形式作宾补。
-- She?sat?staring?into?the?distance?with?tears?streaming?down?her?cheeks.
她坐着凝视着远方泪流满面。 （Cheek n.脸颊, 面

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

颊）
-- She?stood?there?with?her?hands?resting?on?her?hips
2>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾补。
-- He?ran?into?the?room?with?his?face?covered?with?tears.
-- With?his?homework?finished, he?felt?happy.
3>如果表达某事将要发生，要用动词不定式to；
-- With?a?lot?of?work?to?do, he?can't?go?to?the?cinema.
4>如果是说明当时的情况，常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态；
-- He?used?to?sleep?with?all?the?windows?open.（open adj.开着的）
-- He?went?out?with?his?hat?on.（on是副词）
-- With?the?meeting?over, we?went?home.（over adv.结束）
-- He?came?in?with?a?knife?in?his?hand.（in?his?hand --介词短语）
-- Tow?others?with?black?stockings?over?their?faces?jumped?out.（over?their?faces --介词短语）
另外两个脸上蒙着黑色袜子的人跳了出来。
5>总结：
with用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等。
with如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词。
-- a?thief?with?stocking?over?his?face.
-- a?teacher?with?a?book?under?his?arm.
-- a?room?with?the?windows?open.

It?came?to?a?stop?outside?the?jeweller's.
come?to 后面常接名词, 表示达到
-- come?to?a?stop停下来 / come?to?an?end结束 / come?to?a?decision做出决定
-- come?to?an?agreement达成协议 / come?to?an?understanding互相理解
-- come?to?success获得成功, come?to?fame成名
停车?stop = draw?up = pull?up

at?the?barber's在理发店 / at?the?butcher's在肉店 / at?the?baker's在面包店
at?the?greengrocer's在蔬菜水果店 / at?the?grocer's在杂货店 / at?the?stationer's 在文具店
at?the?tobacconist's在烟草店 / at?the?chemist's在药店
barber n.理发员, 理发师
butcher n.屠夫, 肉商
baker n.面包师, 面包工人 n.<美>(便携式)烘炉
greengrocer n.蔬菜水果商人 n.蔬菜水果商店
grocer n.食品商人 n.杂货店
stationer n.文具商人 n.文具店
tobacconist n.烟草商人 n.烟店
chemist n.化学家, 药剂师
One?man?stayed?at?the?wheel?while?two?others?with?black?stocking?over?their?faces?jumped?
out?and?smashed?the?window?of?the?shop?with?iron?bars.
While?this?was?going?on,?Mr.?Taylor?was?upstairs.
He?and?his?staff?began?throwing?furniture?out?of?the?window.
Chairs?and?tables?went?flying?into?the?arcade.

One?of?the?thieves?was?struck?by?a?heavy?statue,?but?he?was?too?busy?helping?himself?to?
diamonds?to?notice?any?pain.
help?oneself?to 自便
-- My?roommate?helped?herself?to?my?clothes?without?asking?me.

The?raid?was?all?over?in?three?minutes,?for?the?men?scrambled?back?into?the?car?and?it?moved
off?at?a?fantastic?speed.
at?a?fantastic?speed / at?a?tremendous?speed / at?a?high speed / at a full speed
with?great?speed

Just?as?it?was?leaving,?Mr.?Taylor?rushed?out?and?ran?after?it?throwing?ashtrays?and?vases,?
but?it?was?impossible?to?stop?the?thieves.

The

(免费的资料,在优酷土豆都有全套的视频)

y?had?got?away?with?thousands?of?pounds?worth?of?diamonds.
hundreds?of?thousands?of?dollars?worth?of?jewel

Special difficulties 难点
前缀构词法：
1> dis
加在形容词前
-- agreeable（adj.使人愉快的） disagreeable（adj.不愉快的）
-- content（adj.满意的 vt.使满足） discontent（adj.不满的 vt.令人不满 n.不满）
-- graceful（adj.优美的） disgraceful（adj.使失体面的, 耻辱的）
-- honest（adj.诚实的, 正直的） dishonest（adj.不诚实的）
-- satisfactory（adj.满意的） dissatisfactory（adj.不满意的）
加在名词前
-- agreement（n.同意） disagreement（n.意见不同）
-- honesty（n.诚实, 正直） dishonesty（n.不诚实, 不老实）
-- ability（n.能力, 才干） disability（n.无力, 无能）
-- grace（n.优美, 雅致） disgrace（n.耻辱）
-- comfort（n.舒适 vt.安慰） discomfort（n.不舒适 vt.使不舒适）
可以加在动词前
-- agree（v.同意） disagree（v.不同意）
-- appear（vi.出现） disappear（vi.消失, 不见）
-- believe（相信, 信任） disbelieve（v.不信, 怀疑）
在名词前加dis得到动词, 表示除去、解除。　
-- courage（n.勇气, 精神） discourage（vt.使气馁）
-- root（n.根, 根部） disroot / unroot（vt.连根拔除）
-- mask（n.面具, 掩饰 v.戴面具, 掩饰） unmask / dismask（vt.揭露, 暴露）
-- burden（n.担子, 负担 v.负担） disburden（v.解除负担）
2>il -- 加在以i开头的形容词之前
-- legal（adj.法律的, 法定的） illegal（adj.违法的）
-- logical（adj.合乎逻辑的） illogical（adj.不合逻辑的）
-- literate（adj.有文化的 n.学者） illiterate（adj.没受教育的 n.文盲）
3>im -- 加在以b, m, p开头的形容词之前
-- possible（adj.可能的） impossible（adj.不可能的）
-- mortal（adj.必死的, 人类的） immortal（adj.不朽的）
-- moral（adj.道德的） immoral（adj.不道德的）
-- balanced（adj.平衡的） imbalanced（adj.不平衡的）
-- balance （n.平衡） imbalance（n.不平衡）
4>ir -- 加在以r开头的形容词之前
-- regular（adj.规则的） irregular（adj.不规则的）
-- rational（adj.理性的） irrational（adj.无理性的）
-- resistible（adj.可抵抗的） irresistlble（adj.不可抵抗的）
5>in --主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
-- human（adj.人性的） inhuman（adj.野蛮的）
-- correct（adj.正确的） incorrect（adj.不正确的）
-- justice（n.正义, 公平） injustice（n.不正义, 不公平）
-- sincere（adj.真诚的） insincere（adj.虚假的, 不真诚的）
6>un
--只能用于形容词和动词之前
不
-- happy（adj.快乐的） unhappy（adj.不幸的, 不快乐的）
-- friendly（adj.友好的） unfriendly（adj.不友好的）
-- lucky（adj.幸运的） unlucky（adj.不幸的

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/s1o4.html