AIX 下用刻录光盘做rootvg操作系统的备份和验证方法 - 图文

AIX操作系统版本6.1 用DVD-RAM格式刻录盘 直接备份 rootvg 并制作成可引导光盘，

网上很多前辈的文章和经验都是先备份成image镜像再ftp到PC 上再刻DVD盘 如下链接文章个人感觉繁琐，当前aix服务器都自带刻录DVD光驱, 我这次是直接备份刻录

http://www.loveunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=106883&extra=&page=1 http://www.loveunix.net/archiver/tid-85135.html

新P6 550的AIX 服务器每台都配置有可刻录DVD光驱，我使用DVD-RAM格式的刻录光盘直接备份（推荐使用DVD-RAM格式光盘刻录原因，公司HMC年初升级的时候HMC上所用IBM刻录DVD光驱只能识别使用DVD-RAM刻录盘备份数据，AIX随机器附送的测试刻录光盘也是一张DVD-RAM光盘）

IBM AIX P6 550随机送的测试光盘有一张DVD-RAM TEST DISC刻录盘 我在自己PC电脑上用NERO刻录光盘软件识别确认该光盘是DVD-RAM格式光盘，我测试写入数据正常（该DVD-RAM光盘应该已经格式化过），再用NERO自带工具抹掉测试数据，DVD-RAM光盘难买到几大网络电子产品网站只在易迅网上有买http://www.icson.com 推荐选择高速刻录盘片

评估rootvg 大小是否一张DVD刻录光盘足够 运行下面命令 df –g -I 和lsvg -l rootvg 估算rootvg大小，系统备份大小确认硬盘空间能放下备份时候临时文件。我系统上rootvg大小没有超过4.7G ，IBM 800说法若备份容量超过4.7G一张刻录光盘大小，备份的时候系统会自动提示换另外一张光盘,此外我查看系统备份过程显示提示信息是先备份到硬盘临时文件，在/mkcd/mksys_image中再写入刻录光盘 确认硬盘空间能放下备份时候临时文件。

在HMC上用root账户登录，运行# smit mkdvd 命令出现下图提示，是否使用已经存在的mksysb镜像，系统上之前没有做过mksysb，选择2 Use an existing mksysb image? Move cursor to desired item and press Enter. 1 yes 2 no 下面提示选择光盘格式，DVD刻录盘选择2 UDF

DVD backup media format? Move cursor to desired item and press Enter. 1 ISO9660 (CD format) 2 UDF (Universal Disk Format) 下面步骤我都是选择默认参数，网上很多朋友先备份到硬盘上image镜像再拖到PC上刻录和我这次直接在AIX上刻录盘有参数差别而已 Back Up This System to UDF DVD Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. [MORE...7] [Entry Fields] File system to store mksysb image [] (If blank, the file system will be created for you.) If file systems are being created: Volume Group for created file systems [rootvg] Advanced Customization Options: Do you want the DVD to be bootable? yes Install bundle file [] File with list of packages to copy to DVD [] Location of packages to copy to DVD [] Customization script [] User supplied bosinst.data file [] Debug output? no User supplied image.data file [] Back up encrypted files? yes Back up DMAPI filesystem files? yes 按执行开始备份，过程显示提示信息是先备份到硬盘临时文件，在

/mkcd/mksys_image中再写入刻录光盘（硬盘上image建立很快1小时不到完成），硬盘备份完成写入刻录盘再把硬盘上备份image删除。

备份，用的DVD-RAM 刻录盘3X速度，备份rootvg 3G左右大小，整个过程我查看log 用6小时不到完成。 Log在/var/adm/vas/mkcd.log中

测试该光盘是否可以引导：在空闲测试AIX上把光盘放入驱动器，shutdown –Fr 关机重启服务器，在重启第一个画面（有满屏IBM出现）选择1 进入SMS菜单

选择 5 Select Boot Option

2 Configure Boot Device Order

先选择6 Display current Setting 显示当前引导设备顺序，建议记录下来便于测试完成之后恢复设置。然后按ESC退回到前面菜单，选择Config firest boot，再选择CD/DVD(需要选择CD/DVD驱动器类型（SATA,IDE,SCIS等可以选择list all显示系统中所有相关设备翻页选择）按X退出 系统重启，重启会有BOOT IMAGE建立时间(是我刻盘备份时间)，从DVD启动成功，后续提示安装恢复系统设置，可以用HMC中Server中把该LPAR重启restart（重启选择immediately）, 在重启第一个画面（有满屏IBM出现）选择1 进入SMS菜单恢复之前BOOT顺序。

附录里有前辈推荐另外一种不要机器重启来验证磁带备份系统方法，我想应该也可以来验证光盘，这里还没有验证过

测试验证备份光盘备份内容，IBM 800建议在空闲系统上restore恢复（等于没有说，每次全系统备份都有新机器从头到尾来restore恢复，大部分公司估计没有这个条件）

网上有人有替代测试的方法,就是列出备份包image中文件清单方式验证备份至少读取是正常的，运行# smit lsmksysb 在后面画面里* DEVICE or FILE按F4选择设备名/dev/cd0 List Files in a System Image Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. [Entry Fields] * DEVICE or FILE [/home/sysbackup20100708] Number of BLOCKS to read in a single input [] (Leave blank to use a system default) Verify BLOCK size if tape device? no 运行完成验证备份结果，我验证的时候有提示log太多无法全部显示 COMMAND STATUS Command: OK stdout: yes stderr: no Before command completion, additional instructions may appear below. [MORE...32734] 552 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/macref.cat 6811 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/macros.cat 49264 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/magic.cat 9168 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mail.cat 579 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mailstat.cat 5412 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/make.cat 3933 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/make_32.cat 850 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/makedepend.cat 1097 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/makedev.cat 970 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/makemap.cat 2000 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/man.cat 47132 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mccli.cat 235 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mergcont.cat 252 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mesg.cat 27564 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mh.cat 4245 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mirrord.cat 12906 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mk_jfs2.cat 974 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkboot.cat 258 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkdictdata.cat 294 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkdir.cat 192 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkdirhier.cat 139 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkfifo.cat 4367 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkfilt.cat

415 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkfontdir.cat 1375 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkfs.cat 200 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkhosts.cat 1153 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkitab.cat 2421 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkkrb5.cat 450 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mknamsv.cat 120 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mknod.cat 2077 ./usr/lib/nls/msg/en_US/mkprojldap.cat

附录说明：

备份的验证借鉴前辈文章：

http://www.loveunix.net/thread-34259-1-1.html

Verifying The ONLY method to verify that a system backup will correctly restore with no problems is to actually restore the mksysb onto another machine. This should be done following each individual company's DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN. To minimize problems due to tape media damage, perform the following tests. WARNING:These tests ONLY verify that the tape media can be read and will NOT guarantee that a mksysb will be restored successfully. Data verification Using SMIT Execute the following command: smit lsmksysb A dialog box will appear. DEVICE or FILE [/dev/rmt#] Number of BLOCKS to read in a single input [ ] (Leave blank to use a system default) Type or select values and press enter only AFTER making the desired changes. Execute the following commands: tctl -f /dev/rmt# rewind restore -s4 -Tvqf /dev/rmt#.1 > /tmp/mksysb.log Boot verification The only way to verify that the mksysb tape will successfully boot is to bring the machine down and boot from the tape. No data needs to be restored. NOTE: To boot a keyless system or a system with multiprocessors in service mode, consult the model's documentation or contact your AIX support representative for assistance. WARNING: Having the PROMPT field in the bosint.data file set to \causes the system to begin the mksysb restore automatically using preset values with no user intervention. If the state of PROMPT is unknown, it can be set during the boot process. After answering the prompt to select a console during the startup process, a rotating character will be seen in the lower left of the screen. As soon as this character appears, type 000 and press Enter. This will set the prompt variable to yes. Check PROMPT. To check a mksysb tape to see how the PROMPT is set, run the following while in normal mode: chdev -l rmt# -a block_size=512 tctl -f /dev/rmt# rewind cd /tmp restore -s2 -xvqf /dev/rmt#.1 ./bosinst.data Check the PROMPT field in the control_flow stanza. Boot in SERVICE mode. If the system has a key, turn it to service. If the system is keyless, consult the model's documentation or contact your AIX support representative for assistance. Insert the mksysb tape into the tape drive. Execute the following command to reboot the system: shutdown -Fr The system should now \ NOTE: Multiprocessor systems display a maintenance menu called a BUMP MENU. This is a hardware menu. For more information, consult the model's documentation or contact your AIX support representative for assistance. The message \for a graphics display or the 1 key for an ASCII display, and press Enter. Press 1 for English, if asked. The Installation and Maintenance menu should display. The system has booted successfully. Turn the key to normal, or follow the non-key instructions for rebooting into normal mode, and REBOOT the system.

DVD-RAM 的优点在于非线性的资料存取，可允许随机方式存取资料, 用起来就像硬碟一样，可以随意删除或增添档案片段，所以其最大的性能优越就在于资料的存取上。

DVD-RAM 光盘小知识

DVD-RAM是日立、松下和东芝等厂商率先开发的一种可擦写DVD标准，是最先问世的可擦写的DVD规格。相对来 说，DVD-RAM格 式具有较快的刻录速度，数据可靠性高、存储操作简单。它最大的优势是支持随机存储数据，也就是把DVD-RAM盘片载入的时候，就可以把DVD驱动器当做硬盘 一样，用鼠标拖动来添加删除数据，这样更符合一般用户的存取习惯。而且DVD-RAM盘片的复写测试也远远高于DVD-RW或者 DVD+RW，后两者基本都在1000次左右，而DVD-RAM盘片的复写能达到10万次。DVD-RAM的缺点是兼容性的问题，DVD-RAM盘 片不会被家庭所使用的DVD播放机所识别。

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