莎士比亚四大喜剧赏析

重点赏析威尼斯商人 视频需要自行剪辑

The Four Great Comedies

1.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream 2.The Merchant of Venice 3. As You Like It 4. Twelfth Night ( The Second Period)

重点赏析威尼斯商人 视频需要自行剪辑

1. A Midsummer Night’s DreamA Midsummer Night’s Dream is one of his most delightful creations, and it marks a departure from his earlier works and from others of the English Renaissance.

重点赏析威尼斯商人 视频需要自行剪辑

Heroes

Heroines

Lysander

Hermiafriends

DemetriusAfter the magical enchantment…

Helena

重点赏析威尼斯商人 视频需要自行剪辑

2.The Merchant of Venice

The Merchant of Venice’s Italian setting and marriage plot are typical of Shakespeare’s earlier comedies, but the characters of Portia(假扮律师的女主 人翁), Shakespeare’s first great heroine, and the unforgettable villain Shylock(放高利贷的恶棍 夏洛克) elevate this play to a new level.

重点赏析威尼斯商人 视频需要自行剪辑

威尼斯富商安东尼奥为了成全好友巴萨尼奥的 婚事，向犹太人高利贷者夏洛克借债。由于安 东尼奥贷款给人从不要利息，并帮夏洛克的女 儿私奔，怀恨在心的夏洛克乘机报复，佯装也 不要利息，但若逾期不还要从安东尼奥身上割 下一磅肉。不巧传来安东尼奥的商船失事的消 息，资金周转不灵，贷款无力偿还。夏洛克去 法庭控告，根据法律条文要安东尼奥履行诺言。 为救安东尼奥的性命，巴萨尼奥的未婚妻鲍西 娅假扮律师出庭，她答允夏洛克的要求，但要 求所割的一磅肉必须正好是一磅肉，不能多也 不能少，更不准流血。夏洛克因无法执行而败 诉，害人不成反而失去了财产。

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人物塑造：Shylock is a complex character , and Shakespeare makes him seem more human by showing that his hatred is born of the mistreatment he has suffered in a Christian society. 创作基调：Shakespeare’s character includes an element of pathos as well as comedy, meaning that he elicits from readers and audiences pity and compassion, rather than simply scorn and derision.

重点赏析威尼斯商人 视频需要自行剪辑

3. As You Like It

作品风格：

Pastoral genre(田园诗派)

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故事简介

讲述被放逐的公爵的女儿罗瑟琳与受到长兄奥列佛 虐待的奥兰多相爱。不久罗瑟琳受到叔父、篡位者 弗莱德里克的放逐，女扮男装逃亡到亚登森林，与 奥兰多不期而遇。以此为主线，穿插了奥兰多以德 报怨，拯救了兄长，使其天良发现，并与西莉娅产 生爱情。弗莱德里克受隐士点拨，翻然悔悟，归还 权位等故事。最终共有四对恋人喜结良缘，皆大欢 喜。

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4. Twelfth Night

Twelfth Night is about illusion, deception, disguises, madness, and the extraordinary things that love will cause us to do—and to see. Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeare’s so-called transvestite(异性装扮癖) comedies, a category that also includes As You Like It and The Merchant of Venice. These plays feature female protagonists who, for one reason or another, have to disguise themselves as young men. Contemporary

critics have found a great deal of interest in the homoerotic(同性 恋的) implications of these plays.

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As is the case with most of Shakespeare’s plays, the story of Twelfth Night is also derived from other sources. *In particular, Shakespeare seems to have consulted an Italian play from the 1530s entitled Gl’Ingannati, which features twins who are mistaken for each other and contains a version of the Viola-Olivia-Orsino love triangle in Twelfth Night. *He also seems to have used a 1581 English story entitled “Apollonius and Silla,” by Barnabe Riche, which mirrors the plot of Twelfth Night up to a point, with a shipwreck, a pair of twins, and a woman disguised as a man. A number of sources have been suggested for the Malvolio subplot, but none of them is very convincing. Sir Toby, Maria, and the luckless steward seem to have sprung largely from Shakespeare’s own imagination.

重点赏析威尼斯商人 视频需要自行剪辑

Group Discussion 正如莎翁的大部分喜剧的结局，男女主角都

是幸福的走向了婚姻的殿堂，但有人说婚姻 是爱情的“坟墓”。小伙伴们，你们怎么看？

重点赏析威尼斯商人 视频需要自行剪辑

赏析 四大喜剧代表了莎士比亚喜剧艺术的最高成就。其基本主题是歌颂爱情和友谊， 《威尼斯商人》赞美了友谊和仁爱精神和真正爱情的纯洁与朴实。《皆大欢喜》、 《第十二夜》中那些追求爱情自由的年轻人历经磨难，终成眷属。作者无情地批判 了封建门阀观念、家长专制，批判了中世纪以来的禁欲主义和蒙昧主义，并在对爱 情自由和个性解放的赞美中，表现了人文主义的生活理想。 作者塑造了许多具有高尚情操的敢作敢为的青年男女形象，具有新的时代精神。尤 其是女主人公，她们敢于向传统观念挑战，勇敢地追求爱情。如罗瑟琳女扮男装， 逃出宫廷，自己挑选爱人，并大胆地表白。薇奥拉更是积极、热情、坦率，并表现 了崇高的自我牺牲精神。她们聪明果断、敢作敢为，如鲍西娅假扮律师，以惊人的 才智战胜狡猾贪婪的夏洛克。这些女性形象是理想化了的资产阶级新女性，寄托了 作者的最高理想。

莎士比亚的喜剧是抒情性的浪漫喜剧。故事多发生在南欧，具有异国风光，异乡情 调。作者善于利用误会和巧合，用面貌相似、乔装改扮或设圈套、开玩笑等手段， 人为地制造一些离奇曲折、变幻莫测的戏剧情节和滑稽可笑、意趣磺生的场面。多 线索平行交叉，构成完整的艺术整体，更使情节显得生动丰富、跌宕起伏，自然地 激起欣赏者的情感波涛。总而言之，莎士比亚喜剧充满了明朗的色彩、乐观的基调，具有浓厚浪漫色彩。

重点赏析威尼斯商人 视频需要自行剪辑

By 温彬彬&吴嘉琪

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