上外英语专业考研翻译真题及答案01-06（超级豪华精装版）

上海外国语大学 2001英语语言文学专业 翻译 1．Translate the following into English(50%)

（注意“.”是代表“顿号”）

（1）中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。中国各族人民共同创造了光辉灿烂的文化，具有光荣的革命传统。

（2）一八四零年以后，封建的中国逐渐变成半殖民地.半封建的国家。中国人民为国家独立.民族解放和民族自由进行了前扑后继的英勇奋斗。

（3）二十世纪，中国发生了翻天覆地的伟大历史变革。

（4）一九一一年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命，废除了封建帝制，创立了中华民国。但是，中国人民反对帝国主义和封建主义的历史任务还没有完成。

（5）一九四九年，以毛泽东主席为领袖的中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在经历了长期的艰难曲折的武装斗争和其他形式的斗争以后，终于推倒了帝国主义.封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治，取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，建立了中华人民共和国。从此，中国人民掌握了国家的权利，成为国家的主人。

（6）中华人民共和国成立以后，我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成，人剥削人的制度已经消失，社会主义制度已经确立。工人阶级领导的.以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政，实质上即无产阶级专政，得到巩固和发展。中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义.霸权主义的侵略.破坏和武装挑衅，维护了国家的独立和安全，增强了国防。经济建设取得了重大的成就，独立的.比较完善的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成，农业生产显著提高。教育.科学.文化等事业有了很大的发展，社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成就。广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。

（7）中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就，都是中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在马克思列宁主义.毛泽东思想的指引下，坚持真理，修正错误，战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。今后国家的根本任务是集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下，在马克思列宁主义.毛泽东思想指引下，健全社会主义法制，自力更生，艰苦奋斗，逐步实现工业.农业.国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为高度文明.高度民主的社会主义国家。

（8）在我国，剥削阶级作为阶级已经消灭，但是阶级斗争还将在一定范围内长期存在。中国人民

对敌视和破坏我国社会主义制度的国内外的敌对势力和敌对分子，必须进行斗争。

（9）台湾是中华人民共和国的神圣领土的一部分。完成统一祖国的大业是包括台湾同胞在内的全国人民的神圣职责。

2 .Translate the following into Chinese(50%):

A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.

Men often discover their affinity to each other by the love they have each for a book---just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both have for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favourite author. They live in him together, and he in them.

“Books,”said Hazlitt, “wind into the heart; the poet?s verse slides in the current of our blood. We read them when young, we remember them when old. We feel that it has happened to ourselves. They are to be had very cheap and good. We breathe but the air of books.”

A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man?s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.”

The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works.

Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author?s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.

Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe.

The great and good do not die even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens. Hence we ever remain under the influence of the great men of old. The imperial intellects of the world are as much alive now as they were ages ago.

上海外国语大学 2002英语语言文学专业 翻译 1．Translate the following into English(50%)

发展社会主义文化的根本任务，是培养一代又一代有理想.有道德.有文化.有纪律的公民。要坚持以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人。坚持和巩固马克思主义的指导地位，帮助人们树立正确的世界观.人生观和价值观，坚定对马克思主义的信仰.坚定对社会主义的信念.增强对改革开放和现代化建设的信心.增强对党和政府的信任，增强自立意志.竞争意志.效率意志.民主法制意志和开拓创新精神。坚持实施科教兴国战略，进一步普及教育，提高教育素质和全社会的教育水平；大力发展科学文化事业。加强科学知识.科学方法.科学思想.科学精神的宣传教育。唱响社会主义文化的主旋律，坚持为人民服务.为社会主义服务，实行百花齐放.百家争鸣，是发展先进文化必须贯彻的重要方针。要努力掌握和发展各种现代化传播手段，积极推动先进文化的传播。

加强社会主义思想道德建设，是发展先进文化的重要内容和中心环节。必须认识到，如果只讲物质利益，只讲金钱，不讲理想，不讲道德，人们就会失去共同的奋斗目标，失去行为的正确规范。要把依法治国同以德治国结合起来，为社会保持良好的秩序和风尚营造高尚道德基础。要在全社会倡导爱国主义.集体主义.社会主义思想，反对和抵制拜金主义.享乐主义.极端个人主义等腐朽思想，增强全国人民的民族自尊心.自信心.自豪感，激励他们为振兴中华而不懈奋斗。

2. Translate the following into Chinese(50%):

Journey into Old Age

By Pat Moore

On a May morning in 1979, I opened the door of my New York City apartment and stepped nervously into the hall. As an 85-year-old woman, I was apprehensive. I extended my cane, feeling carefully for the first step for the stairs. My legs strained awkwardly. One step…two… three…breathe hard… four. After 12 steps, I reached the first landing and leaned against the wall to catch my breath.

So far, so good, I said to myself.

And then I stopped. Was I overdoing it? Would I really get away with this act? For I wasn?t really 85. Underneath the trappings if my aged body was the real me, a 26-year-old woman.

I was pretending to be so much older because I wanted to find out what it is

like to be elderly, and to discover firsthand the problems faced by the elderly.

As a start I learned how to “age” myslef--- a complicated procedure requiring four hours. With latex foam giving my face its folds and wrinkles, a heavy fabric binding my body, and a gray wig on my head, I became 60 years older and ready to set forth on my grand adventure.

My destination that first day was a conference on ageing in Columbus, Ohio. Out on the street I tried to signal a cab for the airpot. Taxi after taxi flashed past, all empty. Did they feel that old ladies don?t tip well? Finally one stopped.

At the airline ticket counter, I found myself in a line of young businessmen. “ Good morning, sir.” The agent exclaimed brightly to each one. “ Have a pleasant trip.” When old-lady-me peered up at him through thick spectacles, however, all I got was a look at my ticket, a mutter of “Columbus” and an abrupt “Next.”

The whole purpose of the conference, attended mostly by young professionals, was to study the problem of the elderly. Yet, incredibly, the participants seemed to ignore the only “old lady” in their midst. When one of the young males offered coffee to a group of women, I found myself thinking, what about me? If I were young, he would offer me coffee too.

By day?s end, I was angry. I had been condescended to, ignored, counted out in a way I had never known before. People, I felt, really do judge a book by its cover.

The experience was repeated in my neighborhood drugstore when, as a meek and dowdy old woman, I asked for a stomach medicine. The owner merely jerked a thumb over his shoulder. “Back there, bottom shelf.”

Peering around, I quavered, “Can you help me find it?”

He looked up in annoyance, walked to the shelf and pointed down. I stopped to pick up a bottle and tried to decipher the small type. “Could you please read the directions for me?” I pleaded.

In irritation, he rattled them off, and then dismissed me with, “Okey, that it?” I

was afraid to ask him anything more.

The next morning, I returned to the store as confident, 26-year-old Pat Moore. “Good morning,” the owner greeted me cheerfully. “ How can we help you today?”

I used exactly the same words in asking for the stomach medicine.

“Oh,” he said, smiling, “it?s right over here.” Escorting me to the shelf, he kneeled down, picked up a bottle and carefully explained the directions, the sizes in which it came and the prices. Then he rang up the sale and wished me a fine day.

As I walked out of the store my heart cried for the older woman. I could understand how she would become defensive and intimidated.

上海外国语大学 2003英语语言文学专业 翻译 1.Translate the following into English:( 75分)

丁玲幼年就领略了世态炎凉，目睹过封建社会人们悲惨的遭遇。是“五四”运动的浪潮，把她推向广阔的社会。年青时代的丁玲一步入文坛，就显露出非凡的才华。三十年代“左联”时代血与

火的洗礼造就了她更坚强的性格。她曾遭受敌人的绑架囚禁，也曾活跃在西北战场的枪林弹雨中。华北农村土地改革的风浪孕育了长篇名著《太阳照在桑干河上》。新中国诞生后，她满腔热情地为繁荣社会主义文艺事业辛勤奔波。

她脚下的路过于崎岖。多次错误的批判，横空飞来的“反党”.“右派”帽子，曾严重地伤害过她。在北大荒，在狱中，在太行山，丁玲顶着巨大的压力，默默无闻地工作着，送走了二十多年的光阴。

然而，谈起往事，丁玲总是说：“我受难的时候，党和人民也在受难”，“我搜索自己的感情，实在找不到更多的抱怨”。

七十五岁时重返文坛，丁玲没有时间为自己的遭遇呻吟叹息。她就像年轻人一样急切地捧出了一枝报春的红杏----《杜晚香》，忘情地投入新的生活和创作。她奔波于大江南北，游历于欧.美.澳大陆，会见各种人，发表演说，奋笔疾书，写散文，写评论，每年都有十多万字的新作，每年都有新书问世。晚年的丁玲，迎来了一个宝贵的创作的旺盛期。她珍惜夕阳的余辉，计划在有生之年再写三本书：《魍魉地狱》.《在严寒的日子里》和《风雪人间》。她要把自己一生几个重要时期的经历和感受，把对人民的爱，对敌人的恨，都熔入笔端倾泻在新作中。 2.Translate the following into Chinese (75分)：

What’s Your Best Time of Day?

Most of us seem to reach our peak of alertness around noon. Soon after that, alertness declines, and sleepingness may set in by mid-afternoon.

Your short-term memory is best during the morning--- in fact, about 15 percent more efficient than at any other time of day. So, students, take heed: when faced with a morning exam, it really does pay to review your notes right before the test is given

Long-term memory is different. Afternoon is the best time for learning material that you want to recall days, weeks or months later. Politicians, business executives or others who must learn speeches would be smart to do their memorizing during that time of day.If you are a student, you would be wise to schedule your more difficult classes in the afternoon, rather than in the morning. You should also try to do most of your studying in the afternoon, rather than late at night. Many students believe they memorize better while burning the midnight oil

because their short-term memory won?t help them much several days later, when they face the exam.

By contrast, we tend to do best on cognitive tasks---things that require the juggling of words and figures in one?s head---during the morning hours. This might be a good time, say, to balance a checkbook.

You manual dexterity---the speed and coordination with which you perform complicated tasks with your hands---peaks during the afternoon hours. Such work as carpentry, typing or sewing will be a little easier at this time of day.

What about sports? During afternoon and early evening, your coordination is at its peak, and you?re able to react the quickest to an outside stimulus---like a baseball speeding toward you at home plate. Studies have also shown that late in the day, when your body temperature is peaking, you will perceive a physical workout to be easier and les fatiguing---whether it actually is or not. That means you are more likely to work harder during a late afternoon or early evening workout, and therefore benefit more from it. Studies involving swimmers, runners, shot-putters and rowing crews have shown consistently that performance is better in the evening than in the morning.

In fact, all of your sences---taste, sight, hearing, touch and smell---may be at their keenest during late afternoon and early evening. That could be why dinner usually tastes better to us than breakfast and why night lights irritate us.

Even our perception of time changes from hour to hour. Not only does time seem to fly when you?re having fun, but it also seems to fly even faster if you are having that fun in the late afternoon or early evening, when your body temperature is also peaking.

While all of us follow the same general pattern of ups and downs, the exact timing varies from person to person. It all depends on how your “biological” day is structured---how much of a morning or night person you are. The earlier your biological day gets going, the earlier you are likely to enter---and exit---the peak

times for performing various tasks. An extreme morning person and an extreme night person may have circadian cycles that are a few hours apart.

Each of us can increase our knowledge about our individual rhythms. Learn how to listen to the inner beats of your body; let them set the pace of your day. You will live a healthier--- and happier---life.

上海外国语大学 2005英语语言文学专业 翻译 1.Translate the following into English（75分）

孔子曰：“三人行，则必有我师。”老师和学生并没有什么不可逾越的界限。在这门知识上老师高于学生，在另一门知识上，学生也可能高于老师；今天老师高于学生，明天学生可能高过老师。这也是辩证法，对立面的统一。

礼记的《学记》有一段著名的话，意思也和这相近：“学然后知不足，教然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也。知困，然后能自强也。故曰：教学相长也。” 这就是在今天说来，也还是颠扑不破的。

“教育者必先受教育”，这个道理说来很浅显，但 是人们在实际生活中却很不容易承认。特别是当老师当久了的人，就很不容易接受这个辩证法。老师们不容易接受这个道理，倒也事出有因。“弟子不必不如师，师 不必贤于弟子”，虽是封建思想的代表者韩愈所提出来的一个观点，但是在封建时代却并不通入。正好相反，“天地君亲师”，在封建时代，老师是同“天地君亲” 在一起，居高临下。老师毕竟是老师，师道尊严，神圣不可侵犯。这个观点相沿成习。

新的师生关系，是“不耻相师”，彼此平等，不分尊卑，真正是“道之所存，师之所存”，谁有学问谁就是老师。圣人无常师，师亦无常道，就是当老师的并不经常等于真理。一个当老师的人，既要勇于坚持自己的真理，又要勇于承认自己的非真理，同学生们一道来为科学真理奋斗。

2.Translate the following into Chinese（75分）

Outside my window the night is struggling to wake; in the moonlight, the blinded garden dreams so vividly of its lost colours. The white-washed wall is brilliant against the dark-blue sky. The white walls of the house coldly reverberate the lunar radiance. The moon is full.

The moon is a stone; but it is a highly numinous stone. Or, to be more precise, it is a stone about which and because of which men and women have numinous feelings. Thus, there is a soft moonlight that can give us the peace that passes understanding. There is a moonlight that inspires a kind of awe. There is a cold and austere moonlight that tells the soul of its loneliness and desperate isolation, its insignificance or its uncleanness. There is an amorous moonlight prompting to love - to love not only for an individual but sometimes even for the whole universe. But the moon shines on the body as well as, through the windows of the eyes, within the mind. It affects the soul directly; but it can affect it also by obscure and circuitous ways - through the blood. Half the human race lives in manifest obedience to the lunar rhythm; and there is evidence to show that the physiological and therefore the spiritual life, not only of women, but of men too, mysteriously ebbs and flows with the changes of the moon. There are unreasoned joys, inexplicable miseries, laughters and remorses without a cause. Their sudden and fantastic alternations constitute the ordinary weather of our minds. These moods, are the children of the blood and humours. But the blood and humours obey,

eyes. The star-studded mountain was no dumb; instead, they were busy with performing a magnificent symphony... I was almost lost in reverie.

Presumably the ship was swinging around. The star-lit mountain retreated smaller and smaller, yet in my eyes there were shining with an expanse of golden rays and lingering on a touching melody.

Slowly the ship sailed into the heart of mountains (I could not distinguish whether they were mountains or islands), for Hongkong was gone unseen. Lightless on the sea, our ship was enveloped by the pitch darkness. The mountain of stars disappeared like a vague dream. Standing lost there, I wished to find the mountain back yet there was noting in sight. Outside the air was cool, but the blowing wind was too much for my head, so I walked back to the crowded and noisy cabin, a completely different world. As I set my foot in to the cabin, I couldn?t help asking myself: was it only a mirage that I saw just now?

英译汉

事实是，作为一名作家，福克纳更热衷于对南 方各州突发的经济变化进行社会评论，而很少有兴趣去解决问题。失败以及由此带来的后果只不过是福克纳史诗般作品成长的沃土而已。吸引他的并不是以社会为单 位的人们，而是成长于社会中的个体（人）。作为一个社会的个体，虽充满好奇，却绝不为外界事物所扰。这些个人的悲剧与希腊悲剧没有共同之处：激情——或是 传承而来，或是受传统以及社会环境的影响——把他们带到了无情的深渊。这些激情或是突然迸发，或是持续几代慢慢释放。几乎在福克纳的每一部新作品当中，他 都能够深入剖析人类的灵魂，了解人类自我牺牲的伟大之处和力量之源，全面揭示人类的权力欲、贪婪、匮乏的精神、狭隘的思想、可笑的固执、痛苦、恐惧和堕落 的道德。

福克纳是一名善于观察的心理学家，在众多仍 然在世的英美小说家当中，他堪称是无人匹敌的大师。他的同行当中无人具有他那非凡的想象力以及塑造人物的能力。在以死亡为主题的悲剧或喜剧中，福克纳塑造 的近似人类而又超乎人类的人物都来源于他对现实的观察，而这些现实即使是我们身边最贴近的人都很少有人能够提供如此真实的信息。这些人物在一个混杂了亚热 带植物的清香、女人香水的芳香、黑人汗水的体香和骡马臭味的环境中活动，这股气味甚至可以立即弥漫到斯堪的纳维亚的一间温暖舒适的小房子里。作为一名风景 画画家，福克纳具有猎人般熟知猎场

的能力，地形学家的精确的判断力和印象派画家的敏感力。此外，福克纳还是二十世纪伟大的实验主义者和小说家，与乔伊斯并 列，但或许要强于乔伊斯。在他的小说当中，没有任何两部小说在写作手法上是相似的。似乎正是通过这种不断的更新，福克纳才可以获得他想要的创作广度，而这 种广度是他所处的缺乏创见的世界（无论是主观的还是客观的世界）所不能给予他的。

上海外国语大学 2009英语语言文学专业 翻译 《窗帘》

作者：杨绛

人不怕挤。尽管摩肩接踵，大家也挤不到一处。像壳里的仁，各自各。像太阳光里飞舞的轻尘，各自各。凭你多热闹的地方，窗对着窗。各自人家，彼此不相干。只要挂上一个窗帘，只要拉过那薄薄一层，便把别人家隔离在千万里以外了。

隔离，不是断绝。窗帘并不堵没窗户，只在彼此间增加些距离——欺哄人招引人的距离。窗帘并不盖没窗户，只隐约遮掩——多么引诱挑逗的遮掩！所以，赤裸裸的窗口不引人注意，而一角掀动的窗帘，惹人窥探猜测，生出无限兴趣。

赤裸裸，可以表示天真朴素。不过，如把天真朴素做了窗帘的质料，做了窗帘的颜色，一个洁白素净的帘子，堆叠着透明的软纱，在风里飘曳，这种朴素，只怕比五颜六色更富有魅力，认真要赤裸裸不加遮饰，除非有希腊神像那样完美的身体，有天使般纯洁的灵魂。倍根（Bacon）说过：“赤裸裸是不体面的；不论是赤露的身体，或赤露的心。”人从乐园里驱逐出来的时候，已经体味到这句话了。

所以赤裸裸的真实总需要些掩饰。白昼的阳光，无情地照彻了人间万物，不能留下些幽暗让人迷惑，让人梦想，让人希望。如果没有轻云薄雾把日光筛漏出五色霞彩来，天空该多么单调枯燥！ 隐约模糊中，才容许你做梦和想象。距离增添了神秘。看不见边际，变为没边没际的遥远与辽阔。云雾中的山水，暗夜的星辰，希望中的未来，高超的理想，仰慕的名人，心许的“相知”，——隔着窗帘，惝怳迷离，可以产生无限美妙的想象。如果你嫌恶窗帘的间隔，冒冒失失闯进门、闯

到窗帘后面去看个究竟，赤裸裸的真实只怕并不经看。像丁尼生（Tennyson）诗里的“夏洛特女郎”（TheLady of Shalott），看厌了镜中反映的世界，三步跑到窗前，望一望真实世界。她的镜子立即破裂成两半，她毁灭了以前快乐而无知的自己。

人家挂着窗帘呢，别去窥望。宁可自己也挂上一个，华丽的也好，朴素的也好。如果你不屑挂，或懒得挂，不妨就敞着个赤裸裸的窗口。不过，你总得尊重别人家的窗帘

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