被动句

被动语态

一. 概念：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示主语是动作的承受者。一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”“受”“给”等词来表示被动意义。 被动语态使用的场合

英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态：

A. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者 My bike was stolen yesterday.(不知道) A knife is used for cutting things.(不必要) B. 强调动作的承受者时，使用“by+执行者” I am beaten by them every day. The pen was used by my father. The seat has been taken by Tom.

二. 被动句的构成：

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问句和否定式的变化也如此。 1. 被动语态的时态较常见的有八种，现以动词clean为例表说明： 一般 进行 完成 现在 am/is/are cleaned am/is/are being cleaned have/ has been cleaned 过去 was/ were cleaned was/ were being cleaned had been cleaned 将来 will/ shall be cleaned 重点：常见时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时 主动语态：do

被动语态：am/ is/ are + done

例：We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。

The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。

Are many goods shipped abroad every day? 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗 2. 一般过去时 主动语态：did

被动语态：was/ were + done

例：We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。

The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。

Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday? 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ How much money was stolen in all? 一共被偷了多少钱？ 考点链接：

Look at the factory! It ______before I came here. A is built

B has built D was building

C was built 3. 一般将来时

主动语态：will/ shall do 被动语态：will/ shall be + done

例：We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。

The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。

Will the school sports meeting be held next week? 校运动会将在下星期举行吗？

When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet? 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？

考点链接1：

More buildings ________in this city in 2021. A will build C, has built

B will be built D was built

考点链接2：

Did you go to Mike’s birthday party? No, I __________. A didn’t invite C wasn’t invited

4. 一般过去将来时 主动语态：would do 被动语态：would be + done

例：We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。

We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。

B haven’t invited D am not invited

He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。

She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。

I wasn't told that I should be invited to the party. 没人告诉我要被邀请出席晚会。

5. 现在进行时(难点) 主动语态：am/ is/ are doing 被动语态：am/ is/ are being + done

例：We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。

The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫。

A hospital is being built in the centre of the town. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。 Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse? 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？

How is the new teaching method being tried there? 那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的？

6. 过去进行时

主动语态：was/were doing 被动语态：was/were being + done

例：We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。

The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫

The teaching plan was being discussed at that time. 那时正在讨论教学计划。 Was the TV set being fixed this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？

The house was being painted when we arrived at his home. 我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。

7. 现在完成时

主动语态：has/have done 被动语态：has/have been + done

例：The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。

The classroom looks tidy. It has been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了。

Many foreign films have been shown on TV since last month. 上个月以来，电视中播放了许多外国影片。

The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音机还没开。

Has a new training centre been set up in our town? 我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？

8. 过去完成时 主动语态：had done

( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him what___. A. would happen C. happened ( )8.The book ___in 1999. A. writes C. wrote

B. is written

D. was written.

B. was planted

D. were planted.

B. had happened

D. was happened.

( )9.Trees and flowers __ every year to make our country more beautiful. A. is planted C. are planted

( )10.China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang ___Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shanghai.

A. has been named B. have been named C. has named

D. have named.

( )11.The earth is our home. It ___well. A. must be protected B. should protect C. need protect A. to do; interested in C. do; interested A. Is; built C. Does; built

D. should protected.

B. to do; interested

( )12.In recent years, many children are made ___ what they are not___.

D. do; interested.

( )13.___a new library ____ in your school last year?

B. Was; built D. Did; built.

B. was happened

( )14.An accident ___ on this road last week. A. has been happened C. is happened A. is grown C. grows

D. happened. B. are grown D. grow.

( )15.Cotten ____in the southeast of China.

( )16.So far, the moon ___ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited A. are planted

D. was visited. B. will plant

( )17.How many trees ___this year?

C. have been planted A. are doing

D. planted. B. are being done

( )18.A lot of things ___by people to save the little girl now. C. has been done D. will be done. ( )19.Neither of them ___ in China A. is made C. were made A. is drawing

B. are made D. made.

( )20.Look! A nice picture ___ for our teacher.

B. is being drawn

D. draws. B. worn out D. is worn.

B. hasn’t been sent D. wasn’t sent.

C. has been drawn A. wear out C. are worn out

( )21.Your shoes ___. You need a new pair.

( )22.The doctor ___ for yet. A. isn’t sent C. won’t be sent —Last year. A. did; use C. is; used A. knows C. is known A. born

B. was; used D. are; used

B. knew

( )23—When ___this kind of computer___?

( )24.The Great Wall __ about all over the world.

D. was known.

B. was born

( )25.I___in summer.

C. have been born D. am born. ( )26.He says that Mr. Zhang ___ to the factory next week. A. is sent C. was sent A. did; written C. do; written A. has asked to

B. would send

D. will be sent.

B. was; written by

( )27.Who ___this book__?

D. was; written B. was asked to

( )28.Mary ___show me her new dictionary.

C. is asked A. was told us C. is told us A. jump C. jumped

D. asks to

B. was told to us

( )29. A story __ by Granny yesterday.

D. told us

B. jumps

( )30.The monkey was seen ____ out of the tree.

D. to jump

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