1986-1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题

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1986-1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题。

1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I Structure and Vocabulary

In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

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I was caught ________ the rain yesterday. [A] in [B] by [C] with [D] at

ANSWER: [A]

1. Those two families have been quarrelling ________ each other for many years. [A] to

[B] between

[C] against（D） [D] with

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2. There are many things whose misuse is dangerous, bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared ________ tobacco products. [A] in [B] with

[C] among（B） [D] by

3. “How often have you seen cases like this?” one surgeon asked another. “Oh, ________ times, I guess,” was the reply.

[A] hundred of

[B] hundreds

[C] hundreds of（C）

[D] hundred

4. Give me your telephone number ________ I need your help.

[A] whether

[B] unless

[C] so that（D）

[D] in case

5. You sang well last night. We hope you’ll sing ________.

[A] more better

[B] still better

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[C] nicely（B） [D] best

6. Those people ________ a general understanding of the present situation.

[A] lack of

[B] are lacking of

[C] lack（C）

[D] are in lack

7. Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt ________ lonely.

[A] nothing but

[B] anything but

[C] all but（B）

[D] everything but

8. Grace ________ tears when she heard the sad news.

[A] broke in

[B] broke into

[C] broke off（B）

[D] broke through

9. She refused to ________ the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt.

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[A] hand in

[B] hand out

[C] hand down（D）

[D] hand over

10. Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes ________ to American audiences.

[A] around [B] over

[C] across（C） [D] down

11. The book contained a large ________ of information. [A] deal

[B] amount

[C] number（B） [D] sum

12. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable ________ to the total cost of the product.

[A] proportion

[B] correlation

[C] connection（A）

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[D] correspondence

13. When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to ________ her umbrella. [A] carry [B] fetch

[C] bring（B） [D] reach

14. We must ________ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.

[A] assure

[B] secure

[C] ensure（C） [D] issue

15. He was knocked down by a car and badly ________.

[A] injured

[B] damaged

[C] harmed（A）

[D] ruined

Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of the three passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Text 1

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In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new phase in space exploration has begun.

The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earth’s size. Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earth’s twin.”

The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Water is all but nonexistent.

Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. It has no earth’s oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace.

16. Venus is similar to Earth in ________.

[A] size and density

[B] distance from the sun

[C] having atmosphere（D）

[D] all of the above

17. The greatest value in studying Venus should be to ________.

[A] allow us to visit there

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[B] understand Earth better

[C] find a new source of energy（B）

[D] promote a new space program

18. The main idea of this passage is about ________.

[A] problems of space travel

[B] scientific methods in space exploration

[C] the importance of Venus to Earth（C）

[D] conditions on Venus Text 2

Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one ofRome’s main avenues.Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through centralRome.

Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all overItalyto demonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.” So far, action to improve women’s opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining. “But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,” says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.

Women, who constitute 52 per cent ofItaly’s population, today represent only 35 per cent ofItaly’s total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of the

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growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.

Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaners.

However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.

19. The expression “snake through centralRome” probably means “to move ________

[A] quietly through centralRome.”

[B] violently through centralRome.”

[C] in a long winding line through centralRome.”（C）

[D] at a leisurely pace through centralRome.”

20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[A] There are more women than men inItaly.

[B] InItaly, women are chiefly employed in services.

[C] InItaly, women are still at a disadvantage in employment.（B）

[D] InItaly, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.

21. About 200,000 women inRomedemonstrated for ________.

[A] more job opportunities

[B] a greater variety of jobs

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[C] “equal job, equal pay”（D）

[D] both A and B

22. The best title for this passage would be ________.

[A] The Role of Women is Society

[B] Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment

[C] Women as Self-employed Professionals（B）

[D] Women and the Jobs Market Text 3

The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.

To find this out, l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:

On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. 84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.

About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional occupations.

The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.

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In a material way they did not do badly either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.

In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.

23. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is ________.

[A] true in all senses

[B] refuted by the author

[C] medically proven（B）

[D] a belief of the author

24. The survey of bright children was made to ________.

[A] find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults

[B] prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years

[C] discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted（A）

[D] prove that talented children never burn themselves out

25. Intelligence tests showed that ________.

[A] bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy

[B] between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence

[C] talented children were most likely to become gifted adults（C）

[D] when talented children grew into adults, they made low scores

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Section III Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)

No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001. Many books have been written the future. But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Verne may be called a futurologist in the fullest of the word. In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon” and “80 Days Around the World,” he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter. These novels still have a great attraction young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.

Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a writer.

In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.

Television will provide information on prices at the shops as well as news and entertainment. Videophones will bring pictures as well as to telephone conversations.

Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening.

Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.

At work, robots will take most jobs in the manufacturing industries. Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week. Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normal annual holiday. Men and women will retire at the same age.

Our leisure will be different too. The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games. More people will eat out in restaurants they do today; also they will have a much wider variety of food available. There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu. New synthetic foods will form a part of people’s diets.

Foreign travel will ; winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.

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Also non-stop flights fromBritaintoAustraliaandNew Zealandwill be easily available and much cheaper. Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.

26. [A] in [B] of

[C] about（C） [D] for

27. [A] sense

[B] meaning

[C] detail（A）

[D] implication

28. [A] for [B] of

[C] on（A）

[D] towards

29. [A] today

[B] nowadays

[C] present-day（C）

[D] present

30. [A] near

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[B] nearby

[C] nearly（B）

[D] nearer

31. [A] noise [B] sound

[C] tone（B） [D] tune

32. [A] to [B] away

[C] off（D） [D] over

33. [A] than [B] as

[C] when（A） [D] while

34. [A] usual

[B] popular

[C] daily（D）

[D] regular

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35. [A] add

[B] increase

[C] raise（B） [D] arise

Section IV Error-detection and Correction

Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) EXAMPLE:

You have to hurry up if you want to buy something hardly .

ANSWER: [C] anything

36. Alicewas trouble the children because there so of them.（[B] controlling）

37. We were very much that village was long way the road.（[C] such a）

38. John’s chance of the committee is greater than .（[D] Dick’s）

39. “We great victory our ,” the captain said.（[C] over）

40. There are which the public are willing , but which a return to the community.（[C] do not bring）

41. The law I am requires that who a car accident insurance.（[A] referring to）

42. “I considered to be invited to the meeting of scientists,” said Professor Leacock.（[B] an honor）

43. He somebody into the house the window last night.（[A] saw）

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44. The reason all changes to us yet.（[D] has not been explained）

45. the children pretended , the nurses were not they came into the room.（[B] to be asleep）

Section V Verb Forms

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) EXAMPLE:

It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college.

ANSWER: (should) be appointed

46. Buying clothes ________ (be) very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit you nicely.（is）

47. They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative ________ (send) to the conference on schedule.（(should) be sent）

48. I must call your attention to the directions. Read them carefully and act as ________ (instruct).（instructed）

49. Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ________ (hear) from you soon.（hearing）

50. I ________ (call) to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.（should have called）

51. If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we ________ (not have) to pick him up in the boat.（would not have had）

52. After twenty years abroad, William came back only ________ (find) his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake.（to find）

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53. The lecture ________ (begin), he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.（having begun）

54. The children were surprised when the teacher had them ________ (close) their books unexpectedly.（close）

55. A new road will be built here, and therefore a number of existing houses ________ (have to destroy).（will have to be destroyed）

Section VI Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following sentences into English (15 points)

56. 你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。

57. 尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成。

58. 一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。

59. 只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。

60. 这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。

Section VII English-Chinese Translation

Read the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese. (20 points)

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (61) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture.”

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(62) Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.

Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Those who support the “nurture” theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. (64) The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories. (65) Supporters of the “nature” theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (66) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (67) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (68) Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.

Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.

1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I Structure and Vocabulary

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In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) EXAMPLE:

I was caught ________ the rain yesterday. [A] in [B] by [C] with [D] at

ANSWER: [A]

1. Modern man faces dangers completely unknown ________ his predecessors. [A] for [B] to

[C] of（B） [D] by

2. The chances of seeing a helicopter in my hometown are one ________ a million. [A] for [B] to

[C] in（C）

[D] against

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3. ________ we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at once.

[A] Since that

[B] Since now

[C] By now（D）

[D] Now that

4. We hope the measures to control prices, ________ taken by the government, will succeed. [A] when [B] as

[C] since（B） [D] after

5. The historical events of that period are arranged ________.

[A] in alphabetical order

[B] in an alphabetical order

[C] in the alphabetical orders（A）

[D] in alphabetical orders

6. In some markets there may be only one seller. ________ is called a monopoly.

[A] Situation as this

[B] Such kind of situation

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[C] Such a situation（C）

[D] A situation of this

7. He is ________ to speak the truth.

[A] too much of a coward

[B] too much a coward

[C] so much a coward（A）

[D] so much of a coward

8. He always gives ________ to his wife’s demands and does whatever she tells him to. [A] up [B] away

[C] in（C） [D] out

9. It’s ________ in the regulations that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you.

[A] laid upon

[B] laid out

[C] laid up（D）

[D] laid down

10. Look at all the corruption that’s going on. It’s time the city was ________.

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[A] cleaned out

[B] cleaned down

[C] cleaned away（D）

[D] cleaned up

11. Though he did not say so directly, the inspector ________ the man was guilty.

[A] declared

[B] implied

[C] disclosed（B） [D] said

12. The Prime Minister refused to ________ on the rumour that he had planned to resign.

[A] explain

[B] comment

[C] remark（B） [D] talk

13. I asked the tailor to make a small ________ to my trousers because they were too long.

[A] change

[B] variation

[C] revision（D）

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[D] alteration

14. Magnificent views over the countryside have often ________ people to write poems.

[A] excited

[B] inspired

[C] induced（B）

[D] attracted

15. The food was divided ________ according to the age and size of the children.

[A] equally

[B] proportionately

[C] sufficiently（B）

[D] adequately

Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of the three passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Text 1

A scientist once said: “I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space.”

If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs (unidentified flying objects), questions immediately come up.

“Why don’t they get in touch with us, then? Why don’t they land right on the White House lawn and declare themselves?” people asked.

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In reply, scientists say that, while this may be what we want, it may not necessarily be what they want.

“The most likely explanation, it seems to me,” said Dr. Mead, “is that they are simply watching what we are up to -- that responsible society outside our solar system is keeping an eye on us to see that we don’t set in motion a chain reaction that might have unexpected effects for outside our solar system.”

Opinions from other scientists might go like this: “Why should they want to get in touch with us? We may feel we’re more important than we really are! They may want to observe us only and not interfere with the development of our civilization. They may not care if we see them but they also may not care to say ‘hello’.”

Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve. Just as we set aside wilderness areas and wildlife reserves to allow animals and growing things to develop naturally while we observe them, so perhaps Earth was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.

Are we being observed by intelligent beings from other civilizations in the universe? Are they watching our progress in space travel? Do we live in a gigantic “zoo” observed by our “keepers,” but having no communication with them?

Never before in our history have we had to confront ideas like these. The simple fact is that we, who have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may not be so. Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in the heavens, there may very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants.

16. People who ask the question “Why don’t they get in touch with us... and declare themselves?” think that ________.

[A] there are no such things as UFOs

[B] UFOs are visitors from solar system

[C] there’s no reason for UFOs sooner or later（A）

[D] we are bound to see UFOs sooner or later

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17. According to Dr. Mead, the attitude of beings from outer space toward us is one of ________.

[A] unfriendliness

[B] suspicion

[C] superiority（B）

[D] hostility

18. The tone of the writer is that of ________. [A] doubt

[B] warning

[C] indifference（D）

[D] criticism Text 2

The use of the motor is becoming more and more widespread in the twentieth century; as an increasing number of countries develop both technically and economically, so a larger proportion of the world’s population is able to buy and use a car. Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted to a choice within a small radius. Travelling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport; the driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in the summer to suit his own needs and preference. There is no irritation caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes. With the building of good, fast motorways long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighbourhood.

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This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.

When considering the drawbacks, perhaps pollution is of prime importance. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the emission from their exhaust-pipes contains an ever larger volume of poisonous gas. Some of the contents of this gas, such as lead, not only pollute the atmosphere but cause actual harm to the health of people. Many of the minor illnesses of modern industrial society, headaches, tiredness, and stomach upsets are thought to arise from breathing polluted air; doctors’ surgeries are full of people suffering from illnesses caused by pollution. It is also becoming increasingly difficult to deal with the problem of traffic in towns; most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic congestion. In fact any advantage gained in comfort is often cancelled out in city driving by the frustration caused by traffic jams: endless queues of cars crawling one after another through all the main streets. As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised, the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which cause even greater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent. The mounting cost of petrol and the increased license fees and road tax all add to the driver’s worries. In fact, he must sometimes wonder if the motor car is such a blessing and not just a menace.

19. More and more people can afford to buy and use cars because ________.

[A] an increasing number of cars are being produced

[B] the cost of cars is getting cheaper with the development of technology

[C] lots of countries have become more developed（C）

[D] the use of cars has proved to be more economical

20. The advantages of having a car are best experienced in the driver’s ________.

[A] freedom in choosing his job

[B] comfort during the travels

[C] enjoyment of his leisure time（D）

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“But there are some other facts to be considered!” You don’t just sit there taking in ideas -- you do something else, and that something else is very important.

This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are one’s own personal reactions.

Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.

16. If you cannot remember what you read or study, ________.

[A] it is no surprise

[B] it means you have not really learned anything

[C] it means you have not chosen the right book（B）

[D] you realize it is of no importance

17. Before you start reading, it is important ________.

[A] to make sure why you are reading

[B] to relate the information to your purpose

[C] to remember what you read（A）

[D] to choose an interesting book

18. Reading activity involves ________.

[A] only two simultaneous processes

[B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically

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[C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions（B）

[D] mainly drawing accurate inferences

19. A good reader is one who ________.

[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about the subject matter

[B] does lots of thinking in his reading

[C] takes a critical attitude in his reading（C）

[D] is able to check the facts presented against what he has already known Text 2

If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior. Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes. One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand. Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment. In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.

Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise. Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working (or sitting) in music halls where rock bands are playing. In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels (a measure of the loudness of sound) can be considered dangerous. Decibel values correspond to various sounds. Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss. Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.

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Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind (e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).

Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise. If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect. The problem is noise.

20. Noise differs from sound in that ________.

[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done

[B] it is a special type of loud sound

[C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities（A）

[D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter

21. One of the harmful effects of noise on human performance is that ________.

[A] it reduces one’s sensitivity

[B] it renders the victim helpless

[C] it deprives one of the enjoyment of music（A）

[D] it drowns out conversations at worksites

22. The purpose of this passage is ________.

[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior

[B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution

[C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss（A）

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[D] to tell the difference between noise and sound Text 3

The traditional belief that a woman’s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions. It is said that it is a woman’s task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children. Thus a woman’s whole period of childbearing may occur within five years. Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases. Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.

It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing. Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins. Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week. The new man-made fibers are more hardwiring than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.

Apart from women’s own happiness, the needs of the community must be considered. Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in professions and other kinds of work. There is a serious shortage of nurses and teachers, to mention only two of the occupations followed by women. It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession. The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful. Many factories and shops, too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married. While here the question of training is not so important, industry and trade would be seriously short of staff if married women did not work.

23. The author holds that ________.

[A] the right place for all women, married or otherwise, is the home, not elsewhere

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[B] all married women should have some occupation outside the home

[C] a married woman should give first priority to her duties as a mother（B）

[D] it is desirable for uneducated married women to stay at home and take care of the family

24. A house-proud woman ________.

[A] would devote her whole life to her family

[B] would take her own happiness and that of her family as her chief concern

[C] would still need some special training at public expense to help her in her duties as a housewife（D）

[D] would take full advantage of modern household appliances

25. According to the author, modern society ________.

[A] can operate just as well even without women participation

[B] has been greatly hampered in its development by the shortage of women nurses and women teachers

[C] cannot operate properly without the contribution of women（C）

[D] will be seriously affected by the continuing shortage of working women in heavy industries and international trade

Section III Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)

In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World. The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia. Its one

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hundred passengers were the Pilgrims. They were looking for a place where they could worship God . Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its . The brave group of colonists finally had to land atPlymouth on the rocky coast ofMassachusetts in December 1620. It was the middle of the stern northern winter. months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them. Only the strongest of the pilgrims that winter. Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves. Living began to improve in the spring of 1621. There were wild vegetables. There were berries and fruit. Fish and game were plentiful. Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing. The colonists’ health with the warm weather and their better diet.

In the fall, they look back the past year. They were both regretful and thankful. Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained. The price in human life and tragedy had been great. On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future. A splendid harvest was them. They were ready for the second winter with confidence. They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter. Seven were for families, and four were for communal use. , they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.

The woods and forests became safe. When the Mayflower returned toEngland that summer, there were no colonists . At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday. It was their first Thanks giving Day.

26. [A] in their own style

[B] in their own way

[C] on their own（B）

[D] of their own

27. [A] course [B] route

[C] passage（A）

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[D] channel

28. [A] Uncomfortable [B] Bad

[C] Unfavourable（D）

[D] Terrible

29. [A] passed

[B] sustained

[C] survived（C） [D] spent

30. [A] situations

[B] environments

[C] conditions（C）

[D] circumstances

31. [A] strengthened

[B] regained

[C] recovered（D）

[D] improved

32. [A] in [B] of

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[C] over（C） [D] at

33. [A] on

[B] behind

[C] for（B）

[D] beyond

34. [A] Best of all

[B] For the best

[C] To their best（A）

[D] All in all

35. [A] ashore

[B] around

[C] about（D）

[D] aboard

Section IV Error-detection and Correction

Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) EXAMPLE:

You’ve to hurry up if you want to buy something hardly .

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ANSWER: [C] anything

36. The union and the management are having such time on a contract the forthcoming year that the workers .（[A] such a difficult）

37. He got up, walked the room, and a sharp quick movement the door .（[D] wide open）

38. His victory was than I had .（[C] convincing）

39. Because there are members present tonight there last night, we must wait until the next .（[A] fewer）

40. We’ve given him about everything he whatever he want?（[B] asked for）

41. In , a strict discipline has to be and all inessential details unnecessary words .（[B] kept to）

42. When the tank car the poisonous gas the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village all .（[A] carrying）

43. frank, is a great relief in .（[B] it）

44. a minimum, the negotiators are an agreement with details to later.（[B] hoping to achieve）

45. It is that in recent years, cigarette smokers have been , especially among people.（[C] on the decline）

Section V Verb Forms

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your answer in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) EXAMPLE:

It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college.

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ANSWER: (should) be appointed

46. In the Middle Ages, inRome,Veniceand other Italian cities, there developed an intellectual movement ________ (call) humanism, which was the basis of the Renaissance.（called）

47. If law and order ________ (be) not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.（is）

48. The colonel was decorated for bravery, ________ (fight) off the enemy.（having fought）

49. It’s quite obvious that Paul won’t sell his business now that he’s got it ________ (run) so well.（running）

50. ________ (Not wish) to disturb his baby sister, he tiptoed into the room.（Not wishing）

51. I happened ________ (talk) with him when he was hit by a ball and collapsed.（to be talking）

52. The applicants ________ (interview) are required to bring all the necessary papers.（to be interviewed）

53. Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened, otherwise he ________ (not make) such a stupid remark.（wouldn’t have made）

54. Such ________ (be) the case, there are no grounds to justify your complaints.（being）

55. The car shows no signs of ________ (repair); it looks like a new one.（having been repaired）

Section VI Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)

56. 恶劣的天气使他无法按时动身去北京。

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