大一下学期复习资料

Unit one

1.(L. 7) attach: vt. fasten or join (one thing to another) * She attached an antenna to the radio. (=A tag was attached to each article.) Pattern: attach sth. to sth.

be attached to sth.

2. (L. 21) initial: adj. of or at the beginning; first

最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。

(=The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.) *the initial letter of a word 一个词的首字母

3. (L. 25) await: vt. wait for

* He was anxiously awaiting her reply.

他早就期待着这个时刻了。 (=He has long awaited this moment.)

4. (L. 25) on occasion: now and then

* It has, on occasion, created trouble for the bank. 你有时使人们感到诧异。

(=You have on occasion surprised people.) CF: on occasion & on the occasion of

这两个词组非常相似，但意思不同。 on occasion有时，间或。 on the occasion of在… 之际。 * on the occasion of sb.'s wedding

5. (L. 26) neglect: vt. give too little attention or care to * neglect one's meals and sleep

离开时别忘了锁门。

(=Don't neglect to lock the door when you leave.) CF: neglect, ignore & omit

这几个词都有忽略、遗漏之意。

neglect 指对职责、义务或应做的事没有给予足够的注意。这种忘记可能是有意的，也可

能是无意的。例如：

*Those who neglect their duties should be punished. 玩忽职守者应受惩

罚。

*Why do they always neglect the traffic regulation. 他们为什么老是不注

意遵守交通规则呢？

ignore 指疏忽、不顾，强调对某人或某物故意不理会，有时还带有固执地拒绝的意味。

例如：

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*When I saw Tom, I stopped to greet him, but he ignored me and walked on. 当我看到汤姆时，我停下来和他打招呼，但他没有理我继续往前走。

*The teacher ignored my difficult questions. 老师对我的难题置之不理。

omit 指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事，这种失误可能是有意或无意的。该词还可指删除不利

或不必要的东西。例如：

*She should not omit to visit the museum. 她不应忘了去参观博物馆。 *The third part of the book may be omitted. 该书的第三部分可以删掉。

6. (L. 28) relevant: adj. directly connected with the subject

(=His color is not relevant to whether he's a good lawyer.) 该证据与此案有关。

(=The evidence is relevant to the case.) Pattern: be relevant to

7. (L. 29 ) investigate:

1. vt. try to find out information about

* Scientists are investigating how the plane crash occurred. * If you hear such a rumor, investigate it thoroughly. 2. vi. make a detailed inquiry *investigate into an affair *investigate into a rumor

CF: investigate, examine & inspect

这几个词都有调查、检查之意。

investigate 较正式，指有条不紊地进行调查研究以发现事实真相，更常用以说明调查案件、

情况、背景来历等。例如：

*They investigated the cause of the accident. 他们调查了事故的原因。 *The police are investigating the murder. 警方正在调查这件谋杀案。

examine 是普通用语，指仔细地检查某人或物。该词还指官方主持的检查或医生进行的诊察，

也表示对某种观点的讨论研究，更指考试。例如：

*They examined our passports very carefully. 他们仔细检查了我们的护照。 *An optician is qualified to examine your eyes and prescribe glasses. 眼科医生有资格来检查你的眼睛并给你配眼镜。

inspect 较正式，用得不如examine广泛，指对某人或某物进行检查、查问，带有揭示其差

异或缺陷的意思。更常指官员们的视察以发现下属单位的缺点等，还指检阅军队。例如：

*The firemen were inspecting the warehouse for potential fire hazards. 消防人员正在检查仓库以防火灾。

*Every length of cloth is inspected before it leaves the factory. 出厂之前每寸布匹都检查过。

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8. (L. 30) throw light on: help understanding * These facts throw new light on the matter. 这些事实使人进一步了解此事。

9. (L. 34) exception: n. sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to

(=There is an exception to this grammatical rule.) 这是那项规定的一个明显的例外。

(= This is an apparent exception to the rule.) Pattern: an exception to Collocation:

with many/few exceptions 有很多/很少例外 without exception 毫无例外，一律 with the exception of 除…之外 make an exception of 把...作为例外

make no exceptions 不容许有例外；一视同仁

10. (L. 39) desirable: adj. worth having as by being useful, advantageous, or pleasing; worth

achieving

* Main Street is a very desirable location for a large department store. * It is most desirable that he should attend the conference. NB: antonym: undesirable

11. (L. 41) accomplish: vt. manage to do (sth.)

* She's accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.

这项任务不是在一代人的时间里所能完成的。

(= The task will not be accomplished in one generation.) Collocation:

accomplish one's object/goal 达到目的

accomplish one's mission 完成使命 CF: accomplish, complete & finish

这三个词都含“完成”的意思。

accomplish 通常接task, aim, journey, voyage等名词，有时兼有取得效果之意。例如：

*I don't feel our visit really accomplished anything. 我不认为我们的访问真正取了什么结果。

complete 比 accomplish 具体，可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词，指按预期目的把未完成的工

作经过进一步的努力使之完成，主要涵义是补足缺少的部分。例如：

*The building will be completed by the end of this month. 这座楼于本月底建成。

finish 在许多情况下可与complete换用, 但不及complete正式，常含有认真仔细地完成工

作的最后阶段的精工修饰，使之完美的意思。例如：

*Finish the work off before you leave for your holiday. 你去度假前应先把工作做完。

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12. (L. 43) in due course: at the proper time; eventually

* Be patient. You'll get your promotion in due course. (声音文件in due course)

(=Your book will be published in due course.)

13. (L. 48) critical: adj. 1) very important

* A second income is critical to the family's well-being. 接下来的两个礼拜对于公司来说是至关重要的。 (=The next two weeks will be critical for the company.) Collocation :

a critical decision 重大的决定

critical moment 紧要关头，关键时刻

2) very serious or dangerous 严重短缺食物

(=a critical shortage of food) Collocation:

critical condition 危险状态 a critical illness 重病

14. (L. 50) principal adj. main; chief

* the principal food of the people of India * the principal rivers of Europe CF: principal & principle

principal和 principle的意思完全不同，但常常被混淆。 principle 仅作名词用，其主要意义指基本的东西或规则和标准。

principal 既是名词又是形容词。作为名词，它一般指居于高位或担任重要角色的人。例如：

a meeting among all the principals in the transaction。作为形容词，它有主要的或首要的的意思。

15. (L. 50) rear: 1. vt. Bring up and educate; look after (animals)

*rear children 饲养家禽 (=rear poultry)

2. n. back part 后部；背面

* The kitchen is in the rear of the house. 停车场在这建筑物的后边。

(= The parking lot is at the rear of the building.)

16. (L. 52) make up for: repay with sth. good; compensate for

* I didn't travel much when I was younger, but I'm certainly making up for lost time now. 他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。

(=They hurried on to make up for lost time.)

17. (L.59) in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflection

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* There are some things that you only become totally conscious of in retrospect. (=In retrospect, what I have done is clearly absurd.)

18. (L.64) facility: n.

1) ability to do sth. easily and well

* play the piano with facility 有学习语言的天才

(= have great facility in learning languages)

2) (pl.) equipment, aids, etc. which make it easy to do things *sports facilities

*There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen.

娱乐设施

(= entertainment facilities)

19. (L. 71) apply: vi.

1) be relevant; have an effect

Pattern: apply to sb./sth.

*What I have said does not apply to you. 教授的这条建议只适用于一些大学生。

(=The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.)

2) write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth.

Pattern: apply (to sb.) for sth.

apply to do sth.

*We applied to the authorities for assistance.

他决定申请参加学生会。

(=He decided to apply to join the Student Union.)

20. (L. 79) priority: n. sth. that one must do before anything else

* Study is not on his list of priorities.

道路建设应是予以优先考虑的事。 (=Road building is a first priority.)

21. (L. 82) evolve: vi. develop gradually

Pattern: evolve into 进化成，发展成，逐步形成

evolve from/out of 由…演化而成；从…发展而来

*The early fish have evolved into some 30,000 different species. 这一简单的计划逐步形成为一项复杂的规划。

(= The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.) *Some people believe that we evolved from the apes. 这整个想法是从信口说出的一句话发展而来的。 (= The whole idea evolved from a casual remark.)

22. (L. 85) contrast:

1. v. compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear

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