民航运输专业英语复习提纲

第一课

Turbo propeller 涡轮螺旋桨式飞机 Jet engine 喷气式发动机Piston engine 活塞式发动机 Super constellation 超星座飞机 Viscount 子爵号 Concorde 协和号飞机 Supersonic aircraft 超音速飞机 Short-to-medium-haul aircraft 中短程飞机 Long-haul aircraft 远程飞机 Sound barrier 声障 Load factor 载运率

in real or constant value term 净现值 The ratio of debt to equity capital 资产负载率 direct non-stop flights 直达的不经停的航班 over-capacity 运力过剩的

航空公司如何解决融资问题：1.飞机制造商为客户提供融资，不论是通过自己国家的商业银行还是通过特殊的出口贸易银行，制造商争相为他们的客户提供更好的融资安排和购买贷款条款 2.出现了购买的飞机，然后出租给航空公司的银行财团。财团享受税收优惠，也保留了飞机的所有权，在飞机转售价值很高的当时，这是一个安全的做法。 3.结论：在20世纪80年代早期的许多主要的航空公司都严重负债，他们的资本比率变得太高。

第二课

Operating cost 运营成本 Per capita income 人均收入 Inclusive tour 综合旅游 Discretionary income 可自由支配的收入 Disposable income 可自由支配的收入 Affinity charter 共同利益包机 ITCs(Inclusive tour charter) 综合旅游包机 The ratio of return on asset 资产回报率 Labor intensive 劳动密集型 revexratio(收益率)=总运营收入/总运营支出

P35 The rapid growth in aie transport was characterized by two features:

第三课

aircraft Airworthiness 飞机适航性 Supervision Maintenance 维护监督 Work- load 工作量 Recommended standard 建议标准 Cost penalty 成本罚款 Meteorological services 气象服务 Aviation infrastructure 航空基础设施

Performance 性能 Overhaul 大修 Sovereign right 主权 air right 航权 Laissez- faire 自由主义 放任主义 Frequency and capacity 班次和运力 Traffic right 载运权 Open-skies policies 天空开放政策

The Chicago Convention 芝加哥公约 En-route navigational facilities 航路导航设施 Bilateral agreement 双边协议 Multilateral agreement多边协议 International Air Services Transmit Agreement 过境服务协议 ISRP：International Standards and Recommended Practices ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization 技术规章：1.Regulation of the Aircraft Airworthiness. 2.Regulations covering the timing, nature and supervision of maintenance and over- haul work and the training and qualification of the engineers. 3.Regulations governing the numbers and type of flight and cabin crew. 4.Detailed regulations covering both the way in which aircraft are operated and the operation of the aircraft. 5.regulations and recommended standards dealing with aviation infrastructure. 经济规章：1.The exchange of air traffic rights, or freedom of the air.（三四航权：mutual exchange of the commercial traffic right-loading and unloading right五六航权：the right granted by country A to an airline from country B to carry traffic between A and countries other than B.）

2.The control of fares and freight tariffs.（regulated by the international air transport association） 3、The control of frequencies and capacity.（Inter-airline agreement and sometimes for bilateral state agreement）

P62技术规章的特点

第四课

P79-81航权会限制航空公司的什么自由

第五课

Retirement of property and equipment 资产和设备的报废 Deposit 存款

Depreciated book value 折旧账面价值 Affiliated company 子公司 Subsidy 补贴 Share and security 股票和债券 Fluctuation 波动 Financial year 财政年度 Direct operating cost 直接运营成本 Indirect operating cost 间接运营成本 General administrative cost 一般行政管理成本 P102-105归类直接成本和间接成本 P100-101 五个营业外项目

第六课

Allowance 津贴 Pension 养老金 Block time 轮挡时间 Amortize 摊销

Straight- line depreciation 直线折旧 Wide- bodied jet 宽体飞机 Residual value 残值 Cruise altitude 巡航高度 Cost of accommodation 住宿成本 Liability insurance 责任险 Maintenance burden 维修人工 Direct Operating Costs

1.Cost of flight operations（all costs associated with flight crews, fuel and oil，airport and en route charges，insurance of the flight equipment，cost of flight training costs or of route development） 2.Maintenance and overhaul costs 3.Depreciation and amortization Indirect operation costs（给一个成本能具体分到一下四大类中）p122-124

1.Station and ground expenses 2. Cost of passenger passenger services 3. Ticketing, sales and promotion costs 4. General and administrative costs

P121 annual depreciation（折旧公式）=(price of aircraft-residual value)/depreciation period

第七课

市场营销的四个部分：1.The marketing audit 2.Analyzing opportunities（scanning the environment< the government, customers, the economy, market condition>，analyzing customer needs）3.Developing strategy 4.Developing a control system

external environment:1、Economic, demographic, social and regulatory trends 2、The airlines’ markets, its customers, its competitors and the external distributions of its customers 3、Infrastructure- industry components

第八课

Supply and demand 供给和需求 multisegment多目标市场 singlesegment 单目标市场 The marketing- profitability analysis 市场营销利润率分析

Developing the strategy：1. to provide service to satisfy the customers need at the least possible cost to the customers. 2. a good strategy must know the characteristic of air transportation: uncertain, seasonal, directional ,depending on the time of day, and density.

Developing a control system: 1.the macro level:marketing performance is measured and compared to the plan with respect to such variables as overall sales, market share, and load factor.

2. The micro level:the interest shift to the profitability of individual services or the marketing mix. an analysis of the contribution of each element of the marketing mix and of the mix itself P166有效的市场营销的控制系统是什么样的

第九课

Hijacking and terrorism劫机和恐怖行为 Policing and security公共安全保护和安全保卫 Loading and unloading装卸 Car- hire kiosk租车亭 concessionaires特许经销商 Payload业载 ATC(air traffic control) WLU(Work-load unit)：工作量 Loading or unloading of the baggage/freight hold 装载或卸行李/货舱

Airport Activities ：Essential services、Traffic- handling services（操作的是货物行李件）、Commercial activities

美国和欧洲商业活动的区别：1、欧洲：Most European airports commercial facilities are provided by concessionaires. The airport authorities will collect concession fees or rents from these companies. But there are some exemptions. 2、美国：almost all airport in U,S, the commercial services are contracted out and done by the specified companies. WLU：100kg including one passenger(80kgs) and their baggage (20kgs)

第十课

Ppt总结 ：收入和成本的构成 PPT总结 ：欧美机场成本（的构成）和收入（的来源）的不同 Airport income generated from:1.aeronautical or traffic- related activities 2.non- aeronautical of commercial sources

第十一课

影响旅客需求的因素：1.the general economic and supply- related factors influencing all markets 2.The particular factors affecting the submarkets

收入变化对各市场的影响：1、Demand for holiday trips related to the tourist attractiveness of particular destination. 2、The visiting friends and relatives（VFR） demand is clearly affected by earlier population movements and migrations. 3、The demand for business travel is related to the level of trade and commercial interaction between two city pairs.

第十三课

Freight shippers 货物托运人 Post Office Department 邮局 peak periods高峰期 Origin-destination traffic 起源目的地交通

编排航班时刻表考虑的三要素：Public requirement（traffic volume、related characteristic ）Economic efficiency（aircraft utilization and load factor ）Operating feasibility（maintenance level and schedule）

Public requirement：1.Passenger volumes(area demand) : city pair( O &D), and connecting passengers. 2.Departure and arrival times 3.stops en- routes. 4.Traffic density and time zones. 5. Airport authorities 6.The local community

第十四课

航班时刻表带来的经济考虑：1、In term of aircraft utilization and the load factor 2、These two factors are dependent on each other 3、Very high utilization rate does not mean to get high

load factor 4、The scheduler should strike a good balance between utilization and load factor 操作限制（Operating constraints）:Maintenance department、Crew scheduling 、Ground facilities and personnel 、Other operating constraints

ATC包括：Flight operations and Crew Scheduling、Airport runway length、Aircraft fuel capacity、Habitual adverse weather、Air traffic control and routing、Crew time limits、Employee agreement

第十六课

包机为什么能赚钱

包机的种类：ITCs，Affinity group or ABCs

包机间接运营成本低（Indirect operating costs）：1、Charters can reduce its indirect operating cost markedly by subcontracting out most of the aircraft, passenger and baggage handling activities. 2、Charter airlines will also have lower expenditure on passenger services by providing the statutory minimum required for safety. 3、The largest savings obtained by charter airlines arise in ticketing, sales and promotion. 4、Charter airlines tend to have very much lower general and administrative cost because they require fewer administrative and accounting staff. 5、结论：Major saving in indirect costs , together with marginally lower direct costs, suggest that total round- trip costs between 20 and 30percent lower than those of scheduled operator on the same route.书上补充完整

第十七课

JIT（Just in time）

用客机腹仓运货的问题：All- cargo aircraft=freight aircraft 1、Passenger aircraft could not handle large or outsize consignments. 2、Freight is more likely to be offloaded 3、The timing and routing of passenger services did not always match the needs of freight shippers. (旅客优先原则)

货物划分种类的标准

货物需求的特点（货物本身的特点，需求特点） 鲜活易腐和不易变质

第十八课

ULD（Unit load device）集装设备 FAK（freight-of-all-kinds）

pivot weight 基准重量 container 集装箱 Airline pallets 集装板 货物运价结构：the general cargo rate、Minimum charges、Class rates、Specific commodity rate、Bulk unitization rate（大宗集装货物运价）、Contract FAK rate

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