(英语)高二英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析.docx
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(英语)高二英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Flying for a long time, you finally arrive at the place where you can relax—your hotel room. Now you throwyour bag on the bed, turn on the TV and watch an international news programme
on a satellite channel probably from UK or the USA.
The main international broadcasters are BBC World and CNN. With an audience of over 1.5 billion people, these are popular channels that offer good-quality news programmes. In both companies, the journalists are experienced writers that produce journalism of a high standard. However, there are alternative news channels which people watch because they want a less traditional or non-Western view on world events. Russia Today and Al Jazeera International , an Arabic company, are international channels that broadcast in English. Both companies say they
give a fresh view on big stories, and their experienced journalists often report from places where Western journalists do not work, and so they give us stories that we don't normally see.
The Internet offers more variety. OneWorldTV is an Internet site where you can find stories about the developing world and human rights, rather than the usual stories about US politics and business. The writers for this company are often local people who write the stories for free. This non-professional journalism is increasing, and it certainly offers more choices.
This increase in citizen journalism means that you can write the news, too. Main news broadcasters often use photographs and stories that members of the general public send to them, especially when there is a dramatic breaking news story. Besides this, some blogs are popular sources of news, and the website NowPublic lets you write stories using information you can get from anywhere, including sites like Youtube, Flickr and Twitter .
(1) The first paragraph is meant to.
A. offer a suggestion
B. give a warning
C. explain a reason
D. introduce the topic (2) It can be learned from the text that more and more people will.
A. prefer to read local news
B. pay more attention to world news
C. start a career in citizen journalism
D. give up watching TV news programmes
(3) What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Latest Local News
B. More Choices for News
C. The End of TV News
D. Traditional World News
【答案】(1) D
(2) C
(3) B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了市民可以观看的新闻媒体。有些新闻来自国
家(正式新闻) ;有些新闻来自民间,这种民间的非正式媒体新闻正呈上升趋势;市民还可
以在网上发布一些新闻。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“watch an international news program on a satellite channel probably from UK or the USA.和第二段”中的“ The main international broadcasters are BBC World and CNN可”以推断出第一段是引子,是为了引出下文的话题(介绍BBC World 和
“ This is non-professional journalism is increasing and it
certainly offers more choices 和第三段”中的 “ This increase in citizen journalism means that you
can write the news ,too 可”知越来越多的人写新闻,故而可推断出更多的人开始了新闻工
作。故选 C 。
(3)考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述的是观看新闻可以有很多选择。故选 B 。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,考生需
要根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Blue Planet II's latest episode ( 情节 ) focuses on how plastic is having a destructive effect on
the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures. Researchers recently also found that sea
creatures living in the deepest place on Earth, the Mariana Trench, have plastic in their stomachs. Indeed, oceans are drowning in plastic.
Though it seems that the world couldn't possibly function without plastics, plastics are a
remarkably recent invention. The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s, the same decade that plastic packaging began gaining popularity in the United States. This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change. Plastics pollution research, for instance, is still a very early science.
We put all these plastics into the environment, but we still don't really know what the
outcomes are going to be. What we do know, though, is disturbing. Ocean plastic is estimated to
kill millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are
known to have been affected by it. One in three leatherback turtles, which often mistake plastic
bags for jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. Ninety percent of seabirds are now
eating plastics on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.
And it's not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas. Humans are consuming
plastics through the seafood we eat. I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as a disaster, worth mentioning in the same breath as climate change. But ocean plastic is not as
complicated as climate change. There are no ocean trash deniers ( 否认者 ), at least so far. To do something about it, we don't have to remake our planet energy system.
This is not a problem where we don't know what the solution is. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. We can all
start by thinking twice before we use single-use plastic products. Things that may seem ordinary, like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag-when taken collectively, these choices really do make a difference. ( 1) Why is plastics pollution research still a very early science?
A.The plastics pollution research is too difficult.
B.Plastics have produced less pollution than coal.
C.Plastics have gained popularity too fast for science to catch up.
D.The world couldn't possibly function without plastics.
(2) How did the author support his opinion in Paragraph 3?
CNN )。故选 D 。 (2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
A.By citing quotes from leading experts.
B.By making a comparison and contrast.
C.By listing examples from his own experience.
D.By presenting solid statistics.
(3) What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?
A.We reap what we sow.
B.The shortest answer is doing.
C.All things are difficult before they are easy.
D.Actions speak louder than words.
(4) What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The oceans become choked with plastic.
B.Ocean plastic is a global issue.
C.Blue Planet II has left viewers heartbroken.
D.Plastics gain in popularity all over the world.
【答案】( 1) C
(2) D
(3) B
(4) A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究人员最近还发现,生活在地球最深处马里亚纳
海沟的海洋生物胃里有塑料。事实上,海洋正淹没在塑料之中。据估计,海洋塑料每年杀
死数百万海洋动物,不仅仅是野生动物受到海洋塑料的威胁,人类也会通过食用海鲜来消
耗塑料。作者认为最好的办法就是人类开始采取行动。
( 1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Thisgrowth has happened so fast that science is still
catching up with the change. Plastics pollution research, for instance, is s till a very early science.”这种增长速度如此之快,以至于科学仍在追赶这种变化。例如,塑料污染研究仍然是一门
非常早期的科学,可知,塑料污染研究仍然是一门非常早期的科学是因为塑料的普及速度
太快,以至于科学无法跟上。故选C。
( 2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ One in three leatherback turtles, which often mistake
plastic bags for jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. Ninety percent of seabirds
are now eating plastics on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.
人们发现,三分之一的棱皮龟的腹部都有塑料制品,而它们经常把塑料袋误认为是水母。
现在, 90%的海鸟定期食用塑料制品。到2050 年,这一数字预计将升至100%,可知,作
者在第三段是通过提供可靠的统计数据来支持自己观点的。故选D。
( 3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Wecan all start by thinking twice before we use
single-use plastic products. Things that may seem ordinary, like using a reusable bottle or a
reusable bag- when taken collectively, these choices really do make a difference.在使用一次性”塑料产品之前,我们都可以三思而后行。一些看起来很普通的东西,比如使用可重复使用
的瓶子或袋子——如果把它们放在一起,这些选择确实会有所不同,可知,作者在最后一
段想告诉我们对于塑料污染最简短的回答就是采取行动。故选B。
( 4)考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“ Researchersrecently also found that sea creatures
living in the deepest place on Earth, the Mariana Trench, have plastic in their stomachs. Indeed, oceans are drowning in plastic. 研究”人员最近还发现,生活在地球最深处马里亚纳海沟的海
)结合文章主要内容为说明海洋被大量
洋生物胃里有塑料。事实上,海洋正淹没在塑料之中的
塑料充斥着,影响了海洋生物和人类,故选 A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅
读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,
概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Nothing good generally comes of a conversation that start with the words, "I think you should probably sit down before I tell you this.”
And so it came to pass. Away for Christmas, we got a call from kind friends at home, our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but the smoke very much did.
It's weeks of either throwing out, or sending away for specialist cleaning, every single thing into which smoke could have permeated( 渗透 )because the particles( 微粒 ) are an ongoing health risk and washing isn't enough. Anything soft —sofas and carpets and children's teddy bears, clothes —is suspected. We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.
What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky. Friends and neighbours have come together with incredible generosity. We will never again underestimate the closeness of the village community in which we live, or the innate kindness that is most people's natural reaction to trouble, and are grateful to be reminded of so much that is good. But that's not the only thing I've learned. For in a sense, we have a chance to start again.
The surprise on being forced to think about what might urgently need replacing is how short
the list of essentials seems; how much we must have been hanging on to out of habit, and how much we have been conditioned to think was important.
It's all too easily assumed that family history lives in tangible( 有形的 )things — old photographs, a dress bought decades ago for a night heavy with memories — but that's not quite right. These things were only reminders of what we already carry with us in head and heart.
Walking through the house, sweeping up the broken glass, I realised that the answer to the old question of "What would you save in a fire? " is actually that nothing really matters but each other.(1) What happened to the author's house?
(2) What does the underlined word "suspected" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.something that may be damaged.
B.something that may not be genuine.
C.something that may not be so good.
D.something that may be dangerous.
(3) What did the author expect to feel?
(4) How will the author probably feel when the New Year finally comes?
A.Worried.
B.Surprised.
C.Excited.
D.Contented.
【答案】( 1) B
(2) A
(3) A
(4) D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者家房子受到火灾影响,物品受损,一切都需要
清理,但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助,让作者感受到了他们的善良,对他们感恩。作者感
受到拥有彼此才是最重要的。
( 1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were
out. The fire didn't spread to our house but the smoke very much did. ;”第三段中的“ every single
thing into which smoke could have permeated 可”知邻居家在外出时着火了,虽然火没
有蔓延到作者家,但烟殃及了房子,作者家的房子受到了影响。故选B。
( 2)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ everysingle thing into which smoke could have
permeated( 渗透 )because the particles( 微粒 ) are an ongoing health risk and washing isn't
enough. ”知每件被烟雾渗透的物品都要专门清洗或扔掉,因为那些微粒威胁健康,有的可
仅清洗是不行的。此句涉及的那些柔软的东西被认为可能是被污染损害的东西,suspected
指的就是这些东西。故选A。
( 3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky.作”者没想到的是自己家很幸运,下文提到朋友们和邻居们都提供了帮助,作者从中感受到了
他们的善良。由此推知作者原来认为的是人们会对别人家的困难很冷漠,故选A。
( 4)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ Wewill be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly
minimalist fashion. 可”知作者家房子受到火灾影响,物品受损,一切都需要清理,作者认为即将到
来的新年肯定是简约的。但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助,让作者感受到了他们的善
良,对他们感恩;再根据最后一段中的“I realised that the answer to the old question of‘What would you save in a fire?’is actually that nothingmattersreallybut each other.作者感”受到拥有
彼此才是最重要的。这些说明作者是满足的,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,
考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选
出正确答案。
4.阅读理解
Kyle Cassidy and three other members of the Annenberg Running Group were stretching on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania, waiting for a few latecomers. The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture. That's right― during some runs, one of them delivers csatalkrange.Topifrom the brain to Bitcoin.
But on this day last January, it would not be their normal run. The first clue that something was
off was the man who sprinted past them. "Running at an amazing pace," Cassidy told Runner's World admiringly. Cassidy discovered why the sprinter was so fleet of foot when another man ran by, yelling, "Help! He took my phone and laptop!"
At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran, trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site. The runners split up. Cassidy ran around to
the far side of the site to cut the thief off while the others wandered the neighborhood hoping he
had dumped the loot ( 赃物 )in a backyard.
No luck. So they decided to ask residents whether they'd seen the guy. When they knocked on
the door of one row house, they were in for a surprise. Unknown to them, he had already emerged from the construction site —and was hiding behind a bush by that very house. As the owner opened the door, the suspect darted out from behind the bush ... and right into the arms
of campus police, who'd joined the chase shortly behind the runners.
The members of this running group are not hard-core athletes. But they do understand the benefit of a little exercise. ''Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat," Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer. "But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one of those opportunities."
(1) Why do the group members gather together?
(2) What does the underlined word "sprinted" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Dashed.
B.Pushed.
C.Jumped.
D.Escaped.
(3) We can infer that the success of the chase is mainly due to____ .
(4) Which of the following best describes Cassidy?
A.Athletic and generous.
B.Courageous and ambitious.
C.Helpful and humorous.
D.Thoughtful and demanding.
【答案】( 1) B
(2) A
(3) D
(4) C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等众人合力将抢
了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获的故事。
( 1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ ThePenn colleagues and other community members
meet three days a week for a roughly 30- minute jog and an occasional lecture. 宾州大学的”同事
和其他社区成员每周集结三天,进行大约30 分钟的慢跑,可知,小组成员聚在一起是为了
进行常规的跑步,故选B。
( 2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“ "Runningat an amazing pace," 可”知,这个人跑的速
度非常快,应该是从他们的身边疾驰而过,由此可知画线词词义为“猛冲”,故选 A。
( 3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran,
trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site.及
第四段中的“As the owner opened the door, the suspect darted out from behind the bush ... and
right into the arms of campus police, who'd joined the chase shortly behind the runners.等细节”描写可知,众人(跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等)合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌
犯抓获,故选 D。
( 4)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the
thief off 可”知,劫案发生后,卡西迪马上投入到对嫌犯的追捕之中,这说明他乐于助人;
再根据最后一段中的“‘ Runningis typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into
heat, ’ Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer.‘ But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one
of those opportunit ies. 卡’”西迪对记者说“跑步通常是一项无用的运动,你可以将脂肪细胞转
化为热量,但偶尔也会有用,这就是其中一个机会”,这是一种诙谐的说法,说明他很幽
默,可知,卡西迪既乐于助人又有幽默感,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅
读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选
出正确答案。
5.阅读理解
Several years ago, I began asking my friends and family to tell me something about their
passwords. Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the pressure they put on our
memory and the endless demand to update them. I hate them too. But there is more to passwords
than their annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so that we can remember them, they take
on secret lives.
There was a former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his prison ID number
to constantly tell him not to go back. And there was a childless 45-year-old woman whose
password is the name of the baby she lost in her 25 (her way of trying to keep him alive, I guess).
Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used "incorrect" for theirs so
that when they forgot it, the software automatically promoted them with the right one ("your
password is incorrect").
Some passwords were striking for their uniqueness. After reading Sheryl Sandberg's book Lean
in: Women, Work and the Will to Lead, Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role
model and began using "Wwssdol9", which stood for "What would Sheryl Sandberg do" plus "19"
for the year (2019) of the password's creation. "TnsitTpsif" was the password of another friend, a
computer scientist who loves wordplay. It stood for "The next sentence is true. The previous
sentence is false". For my friend, it was a playful reference to the knots that language can tie.
The 4622 that my wife used in her passwords was not just the address of her father's childhood
home but also a reminder of his strength. Apparently, when the former 120 kg football standout
was a small boy, he had to sing his home address (4622 South 28th West Avenue) in one full breath
rather than try to say it normally. Otherwise, his stutter ( 口吃 ) would embarrass him.
(1) Why did the prisoner use his prison ID number in his password?
(2) What did Cortni Kerr think of Sheryl Sandberg's book?
A.Doubtful.
B.Interesting.
C.Creative.
D.Inspiring.
(3) What might be the best title for the text?
A.The reasons why people hate passwords.
B.The unusual passwords.
C.The secret lives of passwords.
D.The best ways to make your passwords unique.
【答案】( 1) B
(2) D
(3) C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也
包含着不同的意义,也揭示了一些秘密。
( 1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ There was a former prisoner whose password includes
what used to be his prison ID number to constantly tell him not to go back.可知这名坐过牢的”
囚犯用自己的监狱身份证号作为密码主要是提醒自己不要回到过去(不在犯罪)。因此选
B。
( 2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role
model and began using‘ Wwssdol9 ’ , which stood for‘ What would Sheryl Sandberg do’ plus '1 the year (2019) of the password's creation.可知Cortni ”Kerr读完Sheryl Sandberg's book的书
后,找到到了自己的榜样,由此判断出Cortni Kerr 认为Sheryl Sandberg的书很激励人心。
故选 D。
( 3)考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,本文介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密
C. The secret lives of passwords. “密码里码也包含着不同的意义,也揭示了一些秘密。选项
的人生秘密”为短文的最佳标题。故选 C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅
读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,
概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
6.阅读理解
Fall in Love With Your Writing With These Books!
Write Naked
ByJennifer Probst
WAS: $16.99
NOW: $15.99
Bestselling author Jennifer Probst reveals her pathway to success, from struggling as a new writer to signing a seven-figure deal. Written in Probst's unmistakable and honest voice, Write Naked mixes personal essays on craft with down-to-earth advice on writing romance in the digital age.
Just Write
ByJames Scott Beli
WAS: $17.99
NOW: $10.99
Write yourself past fears, doubts and setbacks, using your desire writing excellence to deeply involve yourself in the craft. In Just Write, you'll learn how to master the nuances( 细微差别) of fiction, discover what readers really want, and persevere through the challenges of getting started, conquering writers block and dealing with rejection.
Damn Fine Story
By Chuck Wendig
WAS: $17.99
NOW: $8.99
Great storytelling is making readers care about your characters. And to tell a damn fine story,
you need to understand why and how that caring happens. Using a mix of personal stories, pop fiction examples and traditional storytelling terms, The New York Times bestselling author
Chuck Wendig will help you internalize the feel of powerful storytelling,
Fearless Writing
By William Kenower
WAS: $16.99
NOW:$15.99
Filled with insightful wisdom and practical advice, Fearless Writing teaches you how to accept
the inner value of your work, enter a flow state while writing and overcome rejection, delay and other obstacles that prevent your creativity. With Fearless Writing, you'll find the inner strength
to set on a brave journey and build a lifelong career in the process.
(1) Who shares his/her own writing experience with the readers?
A. Jennifer Probst.
B. James Scott Beli.
C. Chuck Wendig.
D. William Kenower.
(2) Which book has the highest discount?
A. Write Naked.
B. Just Write.
C. Damn Fine Story.
D. Fearless Writing.(3) What do the four books have in common?
A. They are written by bestselling authors.
B. They focus on traditional storytelling terms.
C. They show how to overcome rejection.
D. They give some practical advice on writing
【答案】(1) A
(2) C
(3) D
【解析】【分析】本文是一则应用文,推荐了几本书,给读者在写作上给出了一些实用的
建议。
(1)考查细节理解。根据 By Jennifer Probst 部分中的“ Written in Probst's unmistakable and honest voice, Write Naked mixes personal essays on craft with down-to-earth advice on writing
romance in the digital age.可知,Jennifer” Probst.与读者分享自己的写作经验。故选A。(2)考查推理判断。根据Damn Fine Story 部分中的“ ByChuck Wendig WAS: $17.99 NOW: $8.99 ”结合另外三本书的价格可知,再Damn Fine Story 有最大的折扣。故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。这四本书都涉及到了写作,他们在写作上给出了一些实用的建议。故选
D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇广告类阅读,要求考
生捕捉细节信息同时,根据上下文进行逻辑推理,选出正确答案。
7.阅读理解
Scientists have been studying how people use money for long. Now they're finding some theories may apply to one group of monkeys.
Researchers recently taught six monkeys how to use money. They gave the monkeys small metal disks( 圆片 ) that could be used like cash and showed them some yummy apple pieces. The monkeys soon figured out that if they gave one of the disks to a scientist, they'd receive a piece
of apple in return.
If you think that is all the monkeys can figure out, you are wrong. Two researchers, Jake and Allison, acted as apple sellers in the experiments. The monkeys were tested one at a time and had 12 disks to spend in each experiment. Jake always showed the monkeys one apple piece, while Allison always showed two pieces. But that's not necessarily what they gave the monkeys. The number of apple pieces given for a disk was determined at random.
Experiment One: Allison showed two pieces of apples but gave both pieces only half the time.
The other half, she took one piece away and gave the monkey just the remaining piece. Jake, on
the other hand, always gave exactly what he showed: one piece for each disk. The monkeys
chose to trade more with Allison.
Experiment Two: Allison continued to sometimes gave two pieces and sometimes one piece.
But now, half the time, Jake gave the one apple piece he was showing, and half the time he added a bonus. Guess what? The monkeys chose to trade more with Jake.
In the first experiment, the monkeys correctly figured out that if they traded with Allison, they'd
end up with more treats. In the second one, when a monkey received two pieces from Jake, it seemed like again. When Allison gave the monkey only one piece instead of the two she showed, it seemed like a loss. The monkeys preferred trading with Jake because they'd rather take a chance of seeming to win than seeming to lose.
We also sometimes make silly business decisions just to avoid the feeling that we're getting less, even when were not. Would you have made the same choices?
(1) What conclusion might experts draw from the first experiment?
A. The monkeys show certain business sense.
B. Business theories can apply to all monkeys.
C. People are smarter in terms of finance.
D. It's easy to teach monkeys how to trade.
(2) What does a bonus in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. A metal disk.
B. An apple piece.
C. A chance.
D. A coin.
(3) Why did the monkeys choose to trade more with Jake in the second experiment?
A. Because Jake always gave them two apple pieces.
B. Because the apple pieces from Jake were yummy.
C. Because they didn't like the feeling of losing.
D. Because they get more apple pieces from Jake.
(4) What could be the best title for the passage?
A. People's Business Decision: Lose or Gain?
B. Moneky's Business Sense: Smart or Silly?
C. Shopping for Bargain: Same or different?
D. Disk for Apple: Who to Trade with?
【答案】(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,科学家们通过实验来说明,“猴子的商业意识:聪明
还是愚蠢?”
(1)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ The monkeys chose to trade more with Allison. 可知,专”家们从第一个实验中得出的结论是“猴子表现出一定的商业意识。”故选 A。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ halfthe time,Jake gave the one apple piece he was showing, and half the time he added a bonus. 可知, a bonus 指代的是“一块苹果”,故选 B。(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ The monkeys preferred trading with Jake because they'd rather take a chance of seeming to win than seeming to lose. 可知,”猴子在第二个实验中会选
择与杰克进行更多的交易是因为他们不喜欢失去的感觉。故选C。
(4) 考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“ Researchersrecently taught six monkeys how to use
money. ...The monkeys soon figured out that if they gave one of the disks to a scientist, they d receive a piece of apple in return. 和”最后一段中的“ Wealso sometimes make silly business decisions just to avoid the feeling that we're getting less, even when were not. Would you have made the same choices? 可知”,本文说的是,猴子的商业意识:聪明还是愚蠢?故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅
读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确
答案。
8.阅读理解
Imagine yourself on the other side of the college admissions desk. It's not so glorious, apparently. At the very least, you need to be good-natured. Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to know the things that annoy admissions officers the most. He sent out a request to members of the National Association for College Admissions Counselors and received hundreds of responses. Apparently, college admissions officers were waiting for an opportunity to unload their frustrations. The responses fall into several areas:
Communication
Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting shorthand, such as "im w8ing 4 some1 2 call me."
Leaving a message with just a first name and no telephone number. For example, "Hi, this
is Suzie. Please call me back."
Acting distracted during a one-on-one interview; nervous habits like foot-tapping or "um", "like" and "you know", which make a bad situation worse.
Not responding to emails from the admissions office.
Over-involved parents
The very common comment from parents, "We are in the process of completing applications."
Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children.
Essays
Not identifying which question they are responding to.
Writing about something they were great at in the seventh grade but haven't pursued
since then.
(1) What is the purpose of the text?
A. To complain about the process of college application.
B. To provide tips for college students in achieving high grades.
C. To list unwelcome behaviors in college application.
D. To prove that admission officers are under great pressure.
(2) Which behavior may leave admission consolers a bad impression?
A. To use inappropriate and incomplete language.
B. To leave a complete telephone number.
C.
To focus on the interview and stay calm. D. To reply to e-mails quickly. (3) What should parents avoid doing in an interview?
A. Letting kids to fill in the application form.
B. Attending the interview on time.
C. Getting dressed neatly for the interview.
D. Answering questions for their kids.
【答案】(1) C
(2) A
(3) D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了学生申请大学时出现的一些令招生人员烦恼
的不好的行为。
(1)考查写作目的。根据第一段中的“JosephConnolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to know the things that annoy admissions officers the most. 和”“ The responses fall into several areas: 可推断,文章的”写作目的是为读者列出在申请
大学时不受欢迎的行为。故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。根据● Communication 部分中的“Silly or stupid email addresses; sending
emails that use texting shorthand, such as “ im w8ing 4 somel可知,2call使用me不合.适的和”
不完整的语言会给招生人员留下不好的印象。故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。根据● Over-involved parents 部分中的“Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children. 可知”,父母不应该在面试中为代替孩子回答问题。故
选 D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作目的两个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,要求考
生准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
9.阅读理解
One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our
tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto. It was the farthest, coldest, and darkest
thing a child could imagine. We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface
of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on. We tried to figure out how much
colder Pluto was than Antarctica, or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.
Pluto, which famously was down graded from a“ major planet” to a“(dwarf矮星planet)in
2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what
it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.
Pluto's underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive. Clyde Tombaugh was a
Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-
ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, Tombaugh's task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light, a planet that the observatory's founder
thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune. On February 18,1930,Tombaugh found it. Pluto
”
was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst
of the Great Depression's dark encroachment ( 入侵 ).
Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It's a reminder that there are many
worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn't the limit at all. We don't know what
kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.
(1) Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?
A. Because it lost its major planet status.
B. Because it disappeared in the sky.
C. Because it was discovered by an American.
D. Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe.
(2) What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. An American Scientist: Clyde Tombaugh
B. Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy
C. Pluto's Strange Romance
D. The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania
(3) What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A. Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression.
B. Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.
C. Clyde Tombaugh's job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory.
D. Clyde Tombaugh's telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.
(4) What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A. Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system.
B. Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system.
C. Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky.
D. Pluto is not a planet in the solar system, but it is more than a planet.
【答案】( 1) A
(2) C
(3) D
(4) D
【解析】【分析】文章讲述了小时候作者对冥王星的认识,以及冥王星被发现和被从太阳
系去除的经过,更表现了冥王星的神秘和魅力,这使作者认识到宇宙是无穷的,也是不断
变化的,需要我们不停去探索。
( 1 )推理判断题。根据第三段Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a“ major planet
”to a “ dwarf planet(矮星”) in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could
complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system可知,
在 2006 年冥王星被从太阳系大行星中被去除,失去了其大行星地位,故选A。
( 2 )主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是冥王星的被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过,更表现了
它的神秘和魅力。 C项“冥王星的奇怪浪漫史”概括全文,故选 C。
( 3 )推理判断题。根据第四段 Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.和 On February 18, 1930 ,Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵 ).可知,是 Clyde Tombaugh 用他简陋的仪器发现了冥王星,成了第一个发现行星的美国人,并且给黑
暗的大萧条时期带来了一线光明。故选D。
( 4 )猜测句意题。此句指冥王星的发现并不仅仅是一颗行星,它还让我们知道了宇宙无限
大,天空根本不是极限,它们是不断变化的需要我们去探索。故选D。
【点评】考查科普类短文阅读。
10.阅读理解
On a recent trip to the island of Newfoundland, Canada, my husband asked our talkative
cab driver what made him most proud to be from there.
"Our generosity and hospitality ( 好客 )," he replied in a strong local accent. "Your car breaks down in the middle of nowhere, someone will stop to help. People here are kind like that."
His answer lingered in my mind during that ride with my husband and teenage kids, as we headed out to explore on the first day of our vacation.
Little did I know we were about to experience some of that remarkable Newfoundland kindness for ourselves.
We met Alma that same morning at the start of a long hike.
Our teenagers hurried ahead, and as we walked behind, admiring the scenery, two women in sunglasses and summer hiking gear stopped.
They'd heard us discussing different routes, then asked if we'd like suggestions.
They looked to be in their 40s, and were both enthusiastic to share their local expertise.
We listened eagerly, taking mental notes, until one of the women asked, "You have a car, right?"
I explained that there were no cars available during our week on the island, so we had to
rely on cabs instead.
"Oh no," she said, "you need a car." And then, as casually as if offering a piece of chewing
gum (口香糖 ), she said: "Take mine!"
Dumbfounded, my husband and I just smiled in disbelief.
"Why not?" She insisted. "You need a car to get to know all these places."
"But you don't even know us," I said.
"That doesn't matter," she continued with absolute determination. Stunned,
I looked over at her friend, who shrugged and said, "That's Alma." Forty
minutes of talking later, my family climbed into Alma's car.
We spent the rest of our vacation discovering different areas of this beautiful island.
But it wasn't the groups of whales we saw, or the vast areas of woodland, that made this place so memorable.
Instead, it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how
special Newfoundland really was.
Next year, there's no doubt where we'll be taking our summer vacation. Who knows what
act of kindness we'll meet then?
(1) What problem did the author's family have in Newfoundland?
(2) The underlined word "dumbfounded" in Paragraph 12 is closest in meaning to ______.
A.shocked
B.satisfied
C.relieved
D.embarrassed
(3) What impressed the author most during her stay in Newfoundland?
(4) What can we infer about the author from the last paragraph?
A.She is looking forward to meeting Alma once more.
B.She expects to visit Newfoundland again.
C.She hasn't decided where to go next year.
D.She also wants to be kind to others during vacation.
【答案】( 1) D
(2) A
(3) D
(4) B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者最近一次去加拿大的纽芬兰旅行时,被当地人
的热情好客深深触动。
( 1)考查细节理解。根据第十段中的“ I explained that there were no cars available during our week on the island, so we had to rely on cabs instead. 我解释道,我们周”末来岛上度假没有汽车,我们只能打出租车,可知,作者一家人在纽芬兰岛上旅行时遇到的问题是,他们没有
一辆车。故选D。
( 2)考查词义猜测。根据第十二段中的我只是不相信地笑着,可知,当Alma
“ my husband and I just smiled in disbelief我丈夫和
提出让作者一家开自己的车去旅行的时候,作者和
”
丈夫很惊诧。并且此处单词与第十六段中的“stunned呼”应。故
选
A。
( 3)考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“ Instead,it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how special Newfoundland really was.取而代之,是一”个陌生人的善意之举让我意识到纽芬兰的真正特别之处。可知,给作者留下最深刻印象的
是来自一位热心的陌生人的帮助。故选D。
( 4)考查推理判断。纵观全文可知,陌生人的善良和热情好客给作者留下了最深刻印
象,且根据最后一段“Next year, there's no doubt where we'll be taking our summer vacation. Who knows what act of kindness we'll meet then?毫无疑问我”们明年会去哪里过暑假。谁知道到时候我们又会遇到什么样的善意之举呢?可知,作者将还会去纽芬兰岛旅行,期待那
里人们的热情。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅
读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出
正确答案。
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