科技英语翻译与协作EST chapter2

EST chapter2

?In computing work done, it is important always to keep in mind that the force and distance that are multiplied must

be in the same direction.

?相乘的力和距离的方向必须相同，在所作的计算工作中，记住这一点往往是重要的。

?[改]在计算所做的功时，用以相乘的力和距离必须沿同一方向，始终记住这一点是很重要的。

?The motion of ions is the motion of such atoms as have gained, or lost electrons, which in most cases takes place in

chemical solutions.

?离子的运动也就是原子得到或失去电子时的运动，在大多数情况下，化学溶液中发生这种现象。

?[改]离子的运动，也就是已经得到或失去电子的原子的运动，这种运动大多发生在化学溶液中

?In computing work done, it is important always to keep in mind that the force and distance that are multiplied must

be in the same direction.

?相乘的力和距离的方向必须相同，在所作的计算工作中，记住这一点往往是重要的。

?[改]在计算所做的功时，用以相乘的力和距离必须沿同一方向，始终记住这一点是很重要的。

?The motion of ions is the motion of such atoms as have gained, or lost electrons, which in most cases takes place in

chemical solutions.

?离子的运动也就是原子得到或失去电子时的运动，在大多数情况下，化学溶液中发生这种现象。

?[改]离子的运动，也就是已经得到或失去电子的原子的运动，这种运动大多发生在化学溶液中

?Matter is anything having weight and occupying space.

?物质是有重量和占据空间的任何东西。

?[改]凡是物质，都具有重量和占有空间。

?What is large and what is small is relative.

?什么是大的和什么是小的是相对的。

?[改]大和小是相对的。

?The report noted that being overweight has been linked to sickness and death from such diseases as high blood

pressure, diabetes, heart disease and gallbladder.

?报告指出，过胖与疾病及诸如高血压、糖尿病、心脏病和胆囊疾病引起的死亡有关。

?[改]报告指出，肥胖容易引起疾病，容易导致由高血压、糖尿病、心脏病和胆囊疾病等引起的死亡。

1 Good Command of English

2 Good Command of Chinese

3 Familiarity with Knowledge of Science and Technology

?The report noted that being overweight has been linked to sickness and death from such diseases as high blood

pressure, diabetes, heart disease and gallbladder.

?报告指出，肥胖容易引起疾病，容易导致由高血压，糖尿病，心脏病及胆囊炎疾病等引起的死亡。

? A capacitor is a device consisting of two conductors separated by a nonconductor.

?电容器是由绝缘体隔开的两个导体组成的一种器件。

2.3.1 意译法

Transformer 变压器conductivity 传导性thermo-relay 热继电器fuzzy math 模糊数学

2.3.2 音译法（计量单位，新材料，新物质，新的自然现象）

Henry hertz ohm calorie / radar, sonar/ nylon vaseline aspirin /logic gene hacker quark

2.3.3 形译法

I-bar T-beam X-type O-ring T-joint X-ray

2.3.4 音意结合

Decimeter /decibel /centipois / kilovolt /curie point/ neon sign / Morse code / Doppler effect

2.4 Diction （遣词造句）

?Diction ( choice of words ) : 词义的选择与引申

?What is meant by “power”? By “power”, we meant the rate of doing work.

?Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by power interruptions that last less than two

hours.

?The third power of three is 27.

?This is a 20 power binocular microscope.

?Aluminum has a combining power of three.

2.4.1.1 根据词类，确定词义

1)Like charges repel; but unlike charges attract.

同电相斥，异电相吸。

2)Like a liquid a gas has no shape, but unlike a liquid it will expand and fill any container it is put in.

气体像液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，气体会扩散并充满任何盛放它的容器。

3)It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like.

正是原子构成了铁，水，氧等类物质。

2.4.1.2 根据上下文确定词义

?In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing.

?进行设计时，必须考虑加工的可行性。

?Lung fever develops from flu.

?肺炎是由流行性感冒引起的。

?Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics.

?阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦创立了相对论，他是通过数学获得这一理论的。

?Land animals are believed to have developed from sea animals.

?人们认为陆地动物是由海洋动物进化而来的。

?According to the theory developed in section 4-3, the apparent resistivity for a given layer stratification differs

depending on the eccentricity of the electrode configuration.

?根据在4-3节所导出的理论，一定地层层位的视电阻率随电极系的偏移程度而发生变化。

?Before it begins to work, the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in temperature.

?酵母在发酵之前，易受温度变化的影响而产生分解。

?If you push hard against something and move it, you have done work.

?如果用力推一物体而移动了，就做了功。

?The volume varies as the temperature increases.

?体积随着温度增加而变化。

?As cotton is liable to absorb moisture, the insulation will be adversely affected.

?由于棉花容易吸收水分，其绝缘性能会受到不利影响。

?Small as atoms are, electrons are still smaller.

?原子虽小，但电子更小。

2.4.1.3 根据搭配确定词义

?What is familiar to everybody is the direct proportion of the volume of a gas to the temperature.

?大家熟悉的是气体的体积与温度成正比。

?The building of these giant iron and steel works will greatly accelerate the development of iron and steel industry.

?这些巨型钢铁工厂的建立将会大大加速钢铁工业的发展。

?They have produced much pig iron from the blast furnace.

?他们从高炉里炼出了许多生铁。

?After careful examination, he found that the screw had worked loose.

?经仔细检查后，他们发现螺钉松了。

?The major problem in manufacture is the control of contamination and foreign materials.

?制造过程中的主要问题是如何控制污染和杂质。

?During the first half of the last century Einstein set forth a number of theories about the physical world.

?上世纪前半叶，爱因斯坦提出了关于物质世界的一系列理论。

?We can heat the steel again to a temperature below the critical temperature, then cool it slowly.

?我们可以把钢材再次加热到临界温度以下的某一温度，然后再让它慢慢冷却。

?The lathe should be set on a firm base.

?车床应安装在坚实的底座上。

?As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt.

?众所周知，碱与酸反应生成盐。

?Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC.

?AB线是三角形ABC的底边。

? A base of logarithms must be a positive number, not equal to one.

?对数的底数必须是一个不为1的正数。

?The chemist found that there were impurities in the solution.

?这位化学家发现溶液中有杂质。

?In the electrolysis, we must make use of cell.

?在电解过程中，我们必须使用电解槽。

2.4.2 extension (词义引申）

2.4.2.1 技术性引申

?How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen of air.

?燃料的燃烧速度取决于燃料与空气中氧气的混合程度。

?Iron comes between manganese and cobalt in atomic weight.

?铁的原子量介于锰和钴之间。

?When an electric current of ultrasonic frequency is applied to a quartz crystal, the crystal will vibrate with the

same frequency.

?当超声频率电流通到石英晶体上时，这块晶体就以同样的频率震动。

?He then found that the mercury column measured the height predicted.

?后来他发现，水银柱升到了预计的高度。

?Why is the period of the pendulum independent of the size of the swing?

?为什么单摆的周期与摆动角度的大小无关？

2.4.2.2 修辞性引申

?Albert Einstein was the first man to realize the vast amount of energy locked in the atom.

?阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是第一个认识到原子内部隐藏着巨大能量的人。

?In his own lifetime Galileo was the centre of violent controversy; but the scientific dust has long since settled.

?伽利略在生前一直是激烈争论的焦点，但是有关他的学说的争论早已平息。

?The beauty of lasers is that they can do machining without ever physically touching the material.

?激光的妙处就在于它能进行机械加工而不必实际接触所加工的材料。

?There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.

?我们要完全掌握集成电路，必须经过三个阶段。

?However, colours can give more force to the form of the product.

?然而，色彩能使产品外形增添美感。

?With water present the chances of finding some sort of life on Mars are much brighter.

?由于存在水，在火星上找到某种生命的可能性就大得多了。

2.4.2.3 具体化引申

?Other things being equal, iron heats up faster than aluminum.

?其他条件相同时，铁比铝热得快。

?Public opinion is demanding more and more urgently that something must be done about noise.

?公共舆论越来越强烈地要求为消除噪音采取某些措施。

?The vacuum tubes will see use in the output stage.

?这些真空管将在输出级得到应用。

?Ceramic materials exhibit a tendency to craze and fracture under the extreme temperature changes.

?陶瓷材料在温度剧烈变化时，容易龟裂和破碎。

?To produce strong X-rays the tube had to be made a very good vacuum.

?管子要产生强的射线，就必须制成高度的真空。

?Faraday was unable to calculate the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic waves, a task which required the

mathematical precision of Maxwell, which Faraday entirely lacked

?法拉第未能计算出电磁波的传播速度，因为要计算这一任务需要有麦克斯韦尔精确的数学头脑，而法拉第

是根本不具备的。

2.4.2.4 抽象化引申

? A second’s thought tells you that air actually weighs quite a lot.

?稍作思考，你就明白空气实际上是有一定重量的。

?Dust has a very important part to play in the work of nature.

?灰尘对于自然界的变化起很重要的作用。

?Dr John Smith made a thousand and one explanations of this strange phenomenon of nature.

?约翰·史密斯博士对这种奇怪的自然现象做了很多种解释。

?Application of laser in medicine is still in its infancy.

?激光在医学中的应用仍处于发展初期。

?The electrical age has been with us for many years, and perhaps it will never completely disappear.

?我们进入电气时代已有许多年了，这个时代也许永远不会结束。

Exercises

1)The classical Greek civilization knew of seven metals: gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead and mercury.

在古希腊文明社会里，人们已经知道使用金银铜铁锡铅和水银七种金属。

2)Now we have a better understanding of Einstein’s special theory of relativity after attending a series of lectures

on the topic.

参加了一系列相关讲座后，我们加深了对爱因斯坦狭义相对论的理解.

3)The holographic image (全息照片）must be viewed by looking directly through the film. Consequently，the size of

the film limits t he size of the audience that may view it at one time.

全息图像一定要直接透过底片才能观看。因此，底片的尺寸使同时观看的人数受到限制。

4)Sodium hydroxide （氢氧化钠）is a strong base.

氢氧化钠是一种强碱。

5)The half-lives of certain radioactive substances are very long.

某些放射性物质的半衰期很长。

6)Friction is usually the main cause of wear.

摩擦是造成磨损的主要原因。

7) A body will expand when heated and contract when cooled.

物体热胀冷缩。

8)They got a heavy fine due to the breach of the contract.

由于违反了合同，他们受到了巨额罚款。

9)The image forms on the plate and is then developed.

图像形成于底片，接着冲洗出来。

10)The next step would be to try to develop means for sending television pictures.

下一步就是要寻求发送电视图片的方法了。

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