中级美国英语(41-52)

.本课要点及示例

在这一课里, 我们学习用助动词 should 和 could 加上 have再加上动词的过去分词作句子来表示跟过去事实相反的情况, 比方 \你昨天不应该开他的车.\或是\我本来可以到超级市场去.\我们还要学习用助动词 might 或是 must加上have 和动词的过去分词来表示猜测过去发生的事情, 比方 \他昨天可能说了.\He might have said it yesterday. 或是 \他昨天一定到过这儿了.\He must have been here yesterday.

现在我们还是先听一段对话,内容是说玛丽和彼得到饭馆去吃饭, 结果彼得肚子不舒服. 请你注意听两位英文老师的发音和语调.

M: Mary, I don't feel too well. I have a stomach ache. F: Well, you shouldn't have eaten all that pizza.

M: I didn't have that much. Besides it might have been something else that I ate. F: What else did you eat?

M: I had a salad. Something in the salad could have upset my stomach.

F: Maybe, but I had a salad too, and I feel fine. What kind of dressing did you have on your salad?

M: Just oil and vinegar.

F: Then I don't think it was the salad. It must have been the pizza. Anyway, I hope you feel better soon.

M: Thanks, I think I'll lie down for a while.

现在老师再用慢速度把整段对话念一遍给你听.

M: Mary, I don't feel too well. I have a stomach ache. F: Well, you shouldn't have eaten all that pizza.

M: I didn't have that much. Besides it might have been something else that I ate. F: What else did you eat?

M: I had a salad. Something in the salad could have upset my stomach.

F: Maybe, but I had a salad too, and I feel fine. What kind of dressing did you have on your salad?

M: Just oil and vinegar.

F: Then I don't think it was the salad. It must have been the pizza. Anyway, I hope you feel better soon.

M: Thanks, I think I'll lie down for a while.

现在我把对话里包含了今天要学的语法的句子挑出来,请英文老师再念一遍给你听.

F: You shouldn't have eaten all that pizza. M: It might have been something else that I ate.

M: Something in the salad could have upset my stomach. F: It must have been the pizza.

二.SHOULDN'T HAVE

现在我们开始作练习首先我们练习 shouldn't have 加上动词过去分词的用法.以前我们学过怎么用 shouldn't 劝人不应该作某件事情. 比方有个朋友在公共汽车上抽烟,你看见了就告诉他: \你不应该在公共汽车上 抽烟.\如果你的朋友告诉你, 他昨天在公共汽车上抽了烟, 你认为他昨天不应该抽, 你就说: You shouldn't have smoked on a bus.现在我们作第一组练习,学学怎么表示不赞同别人过去作的事情. 在这组练习里你还可以学到一些跟快速食品有关系的词汇, 比方 \牛肉饼店\乳酪牛肉饼\\意大利馅饼店\a pizza parlor 等等. 练习的作法是彼得说出一些过去时态句子, 比方: \我去了一家快餐店, 在那儿吃了一个烤牛肉三明治.\I went to a fast food restaurant. I had a roastbeef sandwich there. 请你用 shouldn't have 加上动词过去分词把句子改成 You

shouldn't have had a roastbeef sandwich there. 每作完一句, 老师就会把正确答案念一遍给你听.

M: I went to a fast food restaurant, I had a roastbeef sandwich there.

F: You shouldn't have had a roastbeef sandwich there. M: I went to a hamburger joint. I ate a cheeseburger there. F: You shouldn't have eaten a cheeseburger there. M: I went to a pizza parlor. I ate 3 pieces of pizza there. F: You shouldn't have eaten 3 pieces of pizza there. M: I ate so much.

F: You shouldn't have eaten so much. M: I had a big meal.

F: You shouldn't have had such a big meal.

下面我们用代换方式练习怎么劝别人在过去应该作某件事. 练习的内容都是说到彼得告诉玛丽他在前一天晚上吃多了肚子疼之后,玛丽劝彼得的话,比方彼得既然吃饱就不应该再吃, 应该小心的选择食物, 肚子疼就应该看大夫,吃药, 躺下来休息等等. 练习的作法是玛丽说一句话, 然后老师会念出一个用过去分词开头的词组, 请你跟玛丽一起把词组代换到原来的句子里.

F: You should have stopped eating when you were full. M: eaten less

F: You should have eaten less.

M: been more careful about what you ate

F: You should have been more careful about what you ate. M: chosen the right things to eat

F: You should have chosen the right things to eat. M: had dinner at home

F: You should have had dinner at home. M: gone to a doctor

F: You should have gone to a doctor. M: taken some medicine

F: You should have taken some medicine. M: lain down and rest

F: You should have lain down and rest.

三.MUST HAVE

下面一组练习是用 must have 加上动词过去分词来表示自己认为过去一定发生的事情. 比方玛丽听说彼得前一天晚上吃那么多就下结论说:当时你一定觉得很不舒服; 你肚子疼一定是吃太多, 太快了, 等等.练习的作法是玛丽说一句话, 然后老师说出一个动词词组请你用动词过去分词作代换练习. 每作完一个句子, 老师就会念出正确答案给你听.

F: You must have felt sick. M: feel terrible

F: You must have felt terrible. M: have an upset stomach

F: You must have had an upset stomach. M: have too much food

F: You must have had too much food. M: eat something bad

F: You must have eaten something bad. M: eat too fast

F: You must have eaten too fast.

四.COULD HAVE BEEN

下面我们作一组练习, 学习用could have been 作句子来揣测过去发生的事情.比方玛丽听说彼得吃坏了肚子, 就猜测可能是彼得前一天晚上在饭店吃的东西不干净. 她问彼得许多问题, 彼得都一一的作肯定的答覆.在这组练习里你可以学到美国快餐店常常有的食物和调味品, 比方 \炸薯条\french fries, \牛奶冰淇淋混合饮料\milkshake 等等. 现在请你注意听玛丽问问题, 并且跟彼得一起做肯定的答复.

F: Could it have been the pizza that you had? M: It could have been the pizza that I had. F: Could it have been the salad that you had?

M: It could have been the salad that I had. F: Could it have been the salad dressing? M: It could have been the salad dressing.

F: Could it have been the roastbeef sandwich that you ate? M: It could have been the roastbeef sandwich that I ate. F: Could it have been the cheeseburger that you ate? M: It could have been the cheeseburger that I ate. F: Could it have been the french fries? M: It could have been the french fries.

F: Could it have been the milkshake that you drank? M: It could have been the milkshake that I drank? F: Could it have been the coffee that you drank? M: It could have been the coffee that I drank.

五.SHOULD + 完成时态

在下面一组练习里, 玛丽用 should 加上完成时态向彼得提出建议, 比方 \你当时应该慢慢吃.\You should have eaten more leisurely. 彼得就用 could 加上完成时态回答说: \我当时是可以慢慢吃,可是我没有.\现在请你注意听玛丽的建议, 并且跟彼得一起回答.

F: You should have gone to a more traditional restaurant.

M: I could have gone to a more traditional restaurant, but I didn't. F: You should have ordered better food.

M: I could have ordered better food, but I didn't. F: You should have eaten more leisurely.

M: I could have eaten more leisurely, but I didn't. F: You should have had dinner at home. M: I could have had dinner at home, but I didn't. F: You should have cooked something for yourself.

罗里达州, 所以她不能够照顾父母. 她可以这样说: I am not in Florida. I cannot take care of them. 要是把这句话改成: \如果我在那儿, 我就可以照顾他们.\英文就应该这样说: I could take care of them if I were there. 下面我们作一组代换练习学学这种说法, 同时复习刚才那组练习里的一些词汇.

现在请你注意听凯特说一句话, 接着老师念一个词组,请你跟凯特一起把词组代换到前半个句子里.

F: I could take care of them if I were there. M: look after them.

F: I could look after them if I were there. M: keep them company

F: I could keep them company if I were there. M: help them

F: I could help them if I were there. M: cook for them

F: I could cook for them if I were there. M: buy groceries for them

F: I could buy groceries for them if I were there. M: do their laundry

F: I could do their laundry if I were there. M: take them shopping

F: I could take them shopping if I were there.

下面我们再作一组代换练习, 一方面学习今天教的语法,一方面复习形容词比较级.练习的内容是说如果凯特的父母跟女儿, 女婿一块住会有什么好处. 请你跟着凯特把第一个句子重复一遍, 然后跟凯特一起把老师提出的词汇代换到后半个句子里.

F: If they lived with us, it would be more economical for them. M: less expensive

F: If they lived with us, it would be less expensive for them. M: more convenient

F: If they lived with us, it would be more convenient for them. M: less troublesome

F: If they lived with us, it would be less troublesome for them. M: easier

F: If they lived with us, it would be easier for them. M: less difficult

F: If they lived with us, it would be less difficult for them.

下面我们再作一组练习, 学学怎么表达跟目前相反的情况. 练习的内容都是说到在美国六十五岁以上的老人,也就是所谓的 senior citizens 能得到什么好处.在这组练习里你可以学到许多有用的词汇, 比方 \福利\benefit, \退休金\义务\无忧无虑\志愿工作\等等.现在请你先注意老师用现在时态说明目前的情况; 然后请你用过去时态否定句说明跟目前相反的情况. 下面就是一个例子:

M: We are senior citizens. We are able to enjoy senior citizen benefits.

F: If we weren't senior citizens, we wouldn't be able to enjoy senior citizen benefits.

现在我们开始作练习. 每作完一句就请你听老师把正确答案念一遍.

M: We are senior citizens. We are able to enjoy senior citizen benefits.

F: If we weren't senior citizens, we wouldn't be able to enjoy senior citizen benefits. M: We don't have to work full time. We have time to enjoy our hobbies. F: If we had to work full time, we wouldn't have time to enjoy our hobbies. M: We don't have many obligations. We are carefree. F: If we had many obligations, we wouldn't be carefree.

M: We don't need to work full time. We are free to do volunteer work. F: If we needed to work full time, we wouldn't be free to do volunteer work. M: We do volunteer work. We have a lot of new experiences.

F: If we didn't do volunteer work, we wouldn't have a lot of new experiences.

下面我们再作一组练习. 这组练习的作法是由老师念一些句子说明美国老年人目前的生活情况, 比方 \我们从事志愿工作以免与社会脱节.\work so that we don't lose contact with the society. 请你用might 把句子改成:If we didn't do volunteer work, we might lose contact with the society.在这组练习里, 除了复习今天教的语法你还可以学习一些有用的词汇, 比方\跟什么什么失去联系\跟某某人交往\associate with, \团结\为了要\in order to 等等. 请你在作练习的时候特别注意. 每作完一句老师就会念出正确答案让你作个比较, 看你作对了没有.

M: We do volunteer work so that we don't lose contact with the society. F: If we didn't do volunteer work, we might lose contact with the society. M: We are active so that we can enjoy life. F: If we weren't active, we might not enjoy life.

M: We associate with fellow senior citizens to be able to share our interests.

F: If we didn't associate with fellow senior citizens, we might not be able to share our interests.

M: We are united in order to have social influence.

F: If we weren't united, we might not have social influence.

三.听短文回答问题

今天我们要听一篇谈美国老年人生活的文章. 请你注意听. 等一会儿我们要依照惯例根据文章问你三个问题.

People over the age of 65 in the U.S. are called senior citizens. Life for these people is different than for younger Americans. Most senior citizens retire, or no longer work full time. Also it is unusual for people of this age to live with their children and grandchildren. Grandparents tend to live in their own houses or apartments away from their families. For many senior

citizens, the years after 65 are not enjoyable. They feel unproductive

when they no longer work. Their lives lose meaning. In addition, they may feel lonely being away from their families and the contacts they had in their work. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health as they grow older. If they live in big cities, they often worry about their safety. Other senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising families. They now have time to enjoy hobbies and sports and travel. They associate with their fellow senior citizens who have common interests and equal free time. Many senior citizens move to

retirement communities located in warm climates. Some senior citizens continue to work beyond retirement age. Many find new careers and professional opportunities after they retire. The number of senior citizens in the U.S. is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before. The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. Because of their larger numbers and more active life styles, senior citizens are gaining social influence in the country, both politically and

economically. Their concerns are receiving a wider audience than ever before. The time may come when all Americans will look forward to becoming senior citizens.

现在请你回答三个问题. 每回答一个问题, 老师就会念出正确答案给你听.

第一个问题是:

M: Who are senior citizens?

F: Senior citizens are people over 65 years of age.

第二个问题是:

M: What are some of the problems for senior citizens? F: Some of them feel unproductive, lonely and unsafe.

第三个问题是:

M: Why are senior citizens gaining social influence?

F: It is because the number of senior citizens is growing and because senior citizens are more active.

一.本课要点及示例

在这一课里, 我们学习用 \如果\和过去完成时态作句子来表示跟过去事实相反的条件和结果.比方,\当时我要是看见了你,我一定会跟你打招呼的.\这句话英文应该这样说: If I had seen you. I certainly would have said hello to you.

下面我们念一段对话, 多举几个例子给你听.这段对话的内容是说凯特跟同事比尔谈起了他们小时候上历史课的事情. 请你注意听两位英文老师的发音和语调.

M: When did you decide to become a school teacher,Kate? F: When I was in grade school, I had a teacher who I liked very much. I wanted to be like she was. M: What made her so special?

F: She used to make things interesting and exciting to learn. M: Like what?

F: If you had heard her history lessons, you would have thought that history was fascinating.

M: If you had been in our history class, you would have found history very boring. Our teacher just taught names and dates.

F: If I had been in your class, maybe I would have become something besides a teacher. M: If I had been in your class, maybe I would have become a history teacher instead of a gym teacher.

现在我们把对话再念一遍给你听. 这次老师念得比较慢, 请你注意听.

M: When did you decide to become a school teacher,Kate? F: When I was in grade school, I had a teacher who I liked very

much. I wanted to be like she was. M: What made her so special?

F: She used to make things interesting and exciting to learn. M: Like what?

F: If you had heard her history lessons, you would have thought that history was fascinating.

M: If you had been in our history class, you would have found history very boring. Our teacher just taught names and dates.

F: If I had been in your class, maybe I would have become something besides a teacher. M: If I had been in your class, maybe I would have become a history teacher instead of a gym teacher.

下面两位老师把对话里包含了今天要学的语法的句子挑出来,再念一遍给你听.

F: If you had heard her history lessons, you would have thought that history was fascinating.

M: If you had been in our history class, you would have found history very boring. F: If I had been in your class, maybe I would have become something besides a teacher. M: If I had been in your class, maybe I would have become a history teacher.

二.用 IF 引导跟过去事实相反的情况

听了上面那些句子, 我想你已经注意到怎么样用过去完成时态作句子来表达跟过去事实相反的情况. 现在我们开始作练习, 多学学这种说法. 第一组练习的作法是比尔用过去时态说明发生在过去的事情. 凯特就用过去完成时态作假设性句子, 说明如果比尔过去那么作了, 他可能会有什么结果. 下面就是一个例子:

M: I wasn't in your class. I didn't become a history teacher.

F: If you had been in my class,maybe you would have become a history teacher.

现在请你一边听句子的意思, 一边注意语法的变化.

M: I wasn't in your class. I didn't become a history teacher.

F: If you had been in my class, maybe you would have become a history teacher. M: I wasn't in your class. I didn't think that history was fascinating.

F: If you had been in my class, maybe you would have thought that history was fascinating.

M: I wasn't in your class. I didn't think that history was exciting.

F: If you had been in my class, maybe you would have thought that history was exciting.

下面改由凯特念过去时态句子;比尔念的是假设性句子.还是请你注意听.

F: I wasn't in your class. I didn't become a gym teacher.

M: If you had been in my class, maybe you would have become a gym teacher. F: I wasn't in your class. I didn't think that history was boring.

M: If you had been in my class, maybe you would have thought that history was boring. F: I wasn't in your class. I didn't think that history was just names and dates. M: If you had been in my class, maybe you would have thought that history was just names and dates.

在刚才那组练习里我们用 \也许\加上 would 再加上完成时态作了一些假设性句子, 这种说法也可以改用 might 加上完成时态来表达. 比方:Maybe he would have

become a history teacher. 可以改为 He might have become a history teacher. 下面我们作一组练习把这两种说法作个比较.首先请你注意听老师用第一种说法说一句话,然后请你跟学生一起改用代名词跟第二种说法把那句话表达出来.下面就是一个例子:

M: If Bill had been in Kate's class, maybe he would have become a history teacher.

F: If he had been in her class, he might have become a history teacher.

现在我们开始作练习.

M: If Bill had been in Kate's class, maybe he would have become a history teacher. F: If he had been in her class, he might have become a history teacher. M: If Bill had been in Kate's class, maybe he would have thought that history was fascinating.

F: If he had been in her class, he might have thought that history was fascinating. M: If Bill had been in Kate's class, maybe he would have thought that history was exciting. F: If he had been in her class, he might have thought that history was exciting. M: If Kate had been in Bill's class, maybe she would have become a gym teacher. F: If she had been in his class, she might have become a gym teacher.

M: If Kate had been in Bill's class, maybe she would have thought that history was boring. F: If she had been in his class, she might have thought that history was boring. M: If Kate had been in Bill's class, maybe she would have thought that history was just names and dates.

F: If she had been in his class, she might have thought that history was just names and dates.

下面我们用美国历史作例子, 学学跟过去事实相反的说法. 练习的作法是老师用过去时态说出美国历史上的一项事实,比方\移民来到美洲; 殖 民地因此成立.\The immigrants came to America. The colonies were established. 学生就把句子改成:\如果移民没有到美洲, 殖民地就不会成立.\If the immigrants hadn't come to America, the colonies wouldn't have been established. 在这组练习里有些新词汇,比方 \压迫\革命\打败\奴隶\等等. 请你注意听. 学生作句子的时候请你也一起作.

M: The immigrants came to America. The colonies were established.

F: If the immigrants hadn't come to America, the colonies wouldn't have been established. M: The taxes were raised.The colonists were unhappy.

F: If the taxes hadn't been raised, the colonists wouldn't have been unhappy. M: The colonists were oppressed. There was a revolution.

F: If the colonists hadn't been oppressed, there wouldn't have been a revolution. M: The colonists fought the revolution against the British. They gained independence. F: If the colonists hadn't fought the revolution against the British, they wouldn't have gained independence.

M: The colonists gained independence. The U.S. became a country.

F: If the colonists hadn't gained independence, the U.S. wouldn't have become a country. M: France needed money. It sold a piece of land to the U.S.

F: If France hadn't needed money, it wouldn't have sold a piece of land to the U.S. M: The U.S. bought that piece of land. The size of the U.S. doubled.

F: If the U.S. hadn't bought that piece of land, the size of the U.S. wouldn't have doubled. M: People of Texas fought a war against Mexico. They became independent.

F: If people of Texas hadn't fought a war against Mexico, they wouldn't have become independent.

M: Texas became independent. It joined the U.S.

F: If Texas hadn't become independent, it wouldn't have joined the U.S. M: The U.S. defeated Mexico. California and New Mexico became part of the U.S. F: If the U.S. hadn't defeated Mexico, California and New Mexico wouldn't have become part of the U.S.

M: The North won the Civil War. Slaves were freed.

F: If the North hadn't won the Civil War, slaves wouldn't have been freed. M: Russia sold Alaska to the U.S. It became an American state.

F: If Russia hadn't sold Alaska to the U.S., it wouldn't have become an American state.

现在我们再来练习怎么表达跟过去事实相反的条件和结果.下面我们还是请老师用过去时态说出美国历史上的一些事迹, 比方 \英国宣称北美洲部分土地属于他们. 因此加拿大没有变成美国的一部

分.\England claimed part of North America.Canada didn't become part of the U.S. 请你用 might 把句子改成\如果英国没有宣称北美洲部分土地属于他们, 加拿大就可能变成美国的一部分.\If England hadn't claimed part of North America, Canada might have become part of the U.S.这组练习里也有一些有用的词汇, 比方 \解决\settle, \歧见\妥协\

compromise, \反对\\避免\等等,请你在作练习的时候特别注意听.你每作完一句老师就会念正确答案给你听.

现在我们开始.

M: England claimed part of North America. Canada didn't become part of the U.S. F: If England hadn't claimed part of North

America, Canada might have become part of the U.S.

M: England and the U.S. settled their differences.They didn't go to war.

F: If England and the U.S. hadn't settled their differences, they might have gone to war. M: England and the U.S. compromised. They didn't fight against each other.

F: If England and the U.S. hadn't compromised, they might have fought against each other.

M: The South opposed President Lincoln's policy. The Civil War couldn't be prevented. F: If the South hadn't opposed President Lincoln's policy, the Civil War might have been prevented.

M: The South was defeated. The U.S. didn't become two countries.

F: If the South hadn't been defeated, the U.S. might have become two countries.

三.听短文回答问题

今天我们要听的文章简单谈到美国建国的经过; 文章里许多词汇和句子都是我们刚才练习过的.

现在请你注意听. 等一会我们要根据文章内容问你几个问题.

Compared to the history of China, the history of the United States is quite short. It began little more than 200 years ago. In 1776, 13 colonies located on the eastern coast of North America declared independence and fought

a revolution against the British. In 1783 the colonists won the revolution and gained their independence. After the revolution, the United States bought a large section of

M: Most American citizens pay income taxes every year. F: Most American citizens pay income taxes every year. M: The income tax is usually deducted from paychecks. F: The income tax is usually deducted from paychecks. M: Americans keep records on their expenses. F: Americans keep records on their expenses. M: They pay sales taxes when they make purchases. F: They pay sales taxes when they make purchases. M: They pay property taxes for the houses they own. F: They pay property taxes for the houses they own M: They pay luxury taxes when they buy luxury items. F: They pay luxury taxes when they buy luxury items.

M: They pay inheritance taxes when they inherit properties or money. F: They pay inheritance taxes when they inherit properties or money.

下面我们再作一组练习复习复数名词. 练习的内容是说政府收了税用来作什么, 比方付国家开支, 提供服务, 建桥梁, 修公路, 帮助失业的工人, 补助低收入家庭等等. 练习的作法是老师念一个句子, 接着老师提出一个词组,学生就把词组代换到原来的句子里. 在学生作练习的时候请你也一起作.

M: Taxes are used to pay for national expenses. M: provide public services

F: Taxes are used to provide public services. M: build bridges

F: Taxes are used to build bridges M: repair highways

F: Taxes are used to repair highways. M: help unemployed workers

F: Taxes are used to help unemployed workers. M: support low-income families

F: Taxes are used to support low-income families.

四.在动词后加S或E-S表第三人称单数

现在我们练习在动词后面加上 s 或是 e-s 来表示主语是第三人称单数. 练习的内容说到美国的购物税, 比方每个州的税率是否不同, 税率是不是各州自己定的等等.练习的作法是老师提出一个以第三人称为主语的问句, 请你一一地作肯定的答覆. 这组练习里有些词汇可能你不熟, 比方 \居民\

residents , \百分比\\不同\vary, \累进税制度\taxation, 请你在作练习的时候特别注意. 每作完一句老师就会把正确答案念给你听. 现在开始.

M: Does New York State require its residents to pay sales tax? F: Yes, New Yowk State requires its residents to pay sales tax. M: Does everyone who makes a purchase pay it? F: Yes, everyone who makes a purchase pays it.

M: Does the sales tax percentage vary from state to state? F: Yes, the sales tax percentage varies from state to state. M: Does each state set its own tax percentage? F: Yes, each state sets its own tax percentage. M: Does every state use graduated taxation? F: Yes, every state uses graduated taxation.

M: Does a customer pay more sales tax when he makes more purchases? F: Yes, a customer pays more sales tax when he makes more purchases.

五.在名词后面加 's 来表示所有格

最后一组练习是在名词后面加上 's 来表示所有格. 比方有一句话: \税收是政府收入的一个主要来源\这句话可以这样说: Taxes are the main source of the revenue of a government. 这句话也可以简便一点用所有格这样说: Taxes are the main source of a government's revenue. 现在我们作一组练习把这两种说法作个比较. 练习的作法是老师念一个包含了of 的句子, 请你把句子改为所有格说出来. 练习的内容谈的还是美国的税, 比方付税是人民的义务; 房地产税的高低是按照房地产的价格而定的; 遗产税应该在继承死者的财富的时候缴等等. 现在我们开始作练习, 每作完一句老师就会把正

确答案念给你听.

M: Taxes are a part of the life of every American. F: Taxes are a part of every American's life. M: It's the obligation of a citizen to pay taxes. F: It's the citizen's obligation to pay taxes.

M: Taxes are the main source of the revenue of a government. F: Taxes are the main source of a government's revenue.

M: When the income of a family rises, its income tax increases too. F: When a family's income rises, its income tax increases too. M: The property tax is based on the value of the property. F: The property tax is based on the property's value.

M: Inheritance tax should be paid when the wealth of a dead person is inherited by someone.

F: Inheritance tax should be paid when the dead person's wealth is inherited by someone.

六.听短文回答问题

今天我们要听一篇介绍美国赋税制度的文章. 文章里许多词汇都是我们练习过的. 现在请你注意听.

There are many different kinds of taxes paid in the U.S. The most common tax is the sales tax. When someone buys something, he pays the price of his purchase plus a small additional percentage. This percentage is the sales tax. The revenue from the sales tax goes to the state government to help pay for public schools, public safety, roads, parks and benefits for the poor. Each state sets its own tax percentage. Some

states are considerably lower than others. In some states there is no sales tax. A second type of tax is the income tax. This tax is a percentage of all the money earned by a family each year. Americans pay income taxes to the federal government which uses the revenue for national expenses such as defense, help for the needy and other public

services. Some states also have a state income tax. The income tax, like other taxes, is

usually graduated. This means the tax percentage increases as a family's income increases. A third kind of tax is the property tax. This tax is paid by anyone who owns land or a house. The amount of the tax is based on the property's value. The revenues from this tax go to local governments for schools and community

services. In addition people must pay the luxury tax when they purchase certain things such as cigarettes and alcoholic beverages. A fifth kind of tax is the inheritance tax. When someone dies, usually his family inherits the dead person's wealth and property. However, those who inherit must pay a percentage of this wealth to the government as an inheritance tax. As we have heard, there are five kinds of taxes that Americans pay. Most Americans don't want more taxes.

现在请你回答问题. 在你回答之后老师会念出正确答案给你听.

第一个问题是:

M: What are the five kinds of taxes Americans pay?

F: They are sales tax, income tax, property tax, luxury tax and inheritance tax.

第二个问题是:

M: Does the federal government set the sales tax percentage? F: No, it doesn't.

第三个问题是:

M: What are some of the public services Americans get by paying taxes?

F: National defense, public schools, public safety, roads, parks and help for the needy are some of the public services Americans get for paying taxes.

一.本课要点及示例

在这一课里, 我们学习一些以 i-v-e 结尾的形容词, 比方active, impressive 跟一些以 i-t-y 结尾的名词, 比方 possibility, popularity 等等. 另外, 我们也要学习一些跟新闻传播有关系的词汇.

现在我们先来听今天这一课的对话,内容是说亨利跟女儿琳达谈到了看电视新闻的事情. 请你注意听两位英文老师的发音和语调.

F: Dad, what are you watching on television?

M: I'm watching the news, Linda. Why don't you join me and watch it too? F: The news is boring. It's always the same thing.

M: You should know what's going on in the world. There's always the possibility that things could affect you.

F: I like things that are more active, more creative and more entertaining. M: If you watched the news regularly, you would find it very informative.

F: Well, if you want me to watch the news with you, can we change to Channel 7? M: Why?

F: Because the anchor-man on Channel 7 has a personality.

现在英文老师再把整段对话念一遍, 请你注意听.

F: Dad, what are you watching on television?

M: I'm watching the news, Linda. Why don't you join me and watch it too? F: The news is boring. It's always the same thing.

M: You should know what's going on in the world. There's always the possibility that things could affect you.

F: I like things that are more active, more creative and more entertaining. M: If you watched the news regularly, you would find it very informative.

F: Well, if you want me to watch the news with you, can we change to Channel 7? M: Why?

F: Because the anchor-man on Channel 7 has a personality.

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