新东方博士生入学英语考试模拟题

English Entrance Examination

For Non-English Major Doctoral Candidates

Model Test One November, 2010

Part I Vocabulary (10 points)

Directions: There are twenty questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.

1.The large towers of the George Washington Bridge were not encased in masonry but were left exposed to reveal their handsome steel structure. A. harsh B. hoarse C. good-looking D. flagrant 2.The jewel was kept by the money-lender as a pledge. A. guarantee B. speculation C. pulchritude D. guise 3.The revolt was foiled by troops loyal to the king. A. blocked B. frustrated C. fluttered D. faltered

4. It is interesting to note how public opinion oscillates between the extremes of optimism and pessimism. A. swings B. hovers C. converges D. foils 5. G. Jung had a lot of to say about the human psyche. A. world B. mind C. enthusiasm D. determination 6. Caesar ridiculed his wife?s foreboding about the approaching of the family plague. A. forewarning B. predicting C. signal D. signification 7. I?m amazed at the imbecility of the readers of these trashy magazines. A. stupidity B. weak-mindedness C. potentiality D. idiosyncrasy

8. Though the subway system of the city has been well-planned for years, its funding is still in the air. A. widely spreading B. totally uncertain C. hysterically unconstrained D. already broadcast

9. As they crumbled back, he ordered everyone to sit down and keep quiet. . A. retreated B. crawled C. stumbled D. went

10. Add religion to the humblest of edifices and you have a sanctuary. A. offices B. adjuncts C. buildings D. chapel

11. They were asked to curb those orgies and resume the pose of self-deceiving innocence. . A. position B. air C. action D. bombast

12. Revolutions are often caused when the legitimacy of a government is questioned by the people. A.validity B.effectiveness C. bureaucracy D. prejudice 13. When they others went swimming, I followed suit. A. learned from B. secede C. did the same as others D. tried to follow the same rule 14. The counterfeit stamps were a good facsimile of the real ones. A. picture B. likeliness C. identification D. duplicate

15. Our football team is now contending with one from the University of British Columbia. A. meeting B. contesting C. conceding D. contemplating

16. After scrutinizing the Stern Hitler Diaries, handwriting experts proclaimed them to be forgeries.

A. examining B. judging C. protracting D. detecting

17. Hare Karishnas are a religious cult that is often charged with brain washing its members. A. church B.tradition C. culture D. sect

18. Your belligerent attitude is often the cause for your lack of popularity. A. aspiring B. courageous C. cowardly D. aggressive 19. The solution is there if you can reason it out. A. judge it out B. believe it out C. think it out D. prove it right 20. In public, Prince Charles has proven to be a scrupulous dresser.

A. unserviceable B. fashionable C. careful D. uncanny

Part II Cloze (10 points)

Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the right word or phrase from the list given below for each of the blanks. Change the form if necessary. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

where, signs, alive, suggests, manufacturers, concerned, someone, Some, whether, to, investigating, or, must, knowing, off, likely, for example, involves, loosely, well-spaced

Sleep laboratories around the world are finding that an alarming number of drivers on motorways may be falling asleep at the wheel. Although researchers have difficulty in 21 for certain 22 an accident has been caused by sleepiness, it appears that a driver who is on the road between 4 am and 6 am is about 10 times as 23 to have a sleep-related accident as someone who is driving in the middle of the morning or early in the evening. 24 British

police forces have become sufficiently 25 to launch campaigns to alert the public 26 the danger. Leicestershire police, 27 , consider sleepiness to be the cause of 20 percent of accidents on motorways and in the summer of 1990 ran a campaign with the slogan “Stay awake, Stay 28 ”. Major motor 29 such as Ford and Renault are 30 ways of incorporating sleepiness detectors and alarms into their vehicles.

……

If an accident 31 only one vehicle, which runs 32 the road into the certain crash barrier, the embankment, a tree 33 a bridge, then sleepiness is likely to be the cause, especially if there are no skid marks or other 34 of braking. A driver who is alert to an impending crash grips the steering wheel and suffers different injuries from 35 who is asleep and holding the steering wheel 36 . This pattern of injury, combined with an absence of skid marks on the road, also 37 that the driver was asleep in accidents 38 one vehicle runs into the back of another, especially if it occurs where traffic is light and vehicles are consequently 39 on the road. Under these conditions, the driver?s “inattention” 40 have been more than just momentary.

Part III Reading Comprehension (30points)

Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Passage One

On the morning of September 11th, I boarded the train from Washington Heights in Upper

Manhattan just as usual and went to the Body Positive office in the South Street Seaport of Lower Manhattan. While I was leaving the subway at 8:53 am, a man ran down the street screaming, \in disbelief. However, being an amateur photographer, and thinking that I might be able to help out, I ran directly toward the WTC. I stopped just short of the WTC at a corner and looked up. There before me stood the gaping hole and fire that had taken over the first building. I stood there in shock taking pictures, wanting to run even closer to help out, but I could not move. Soon I saw what looked like little angels floating down from the top of the building. I began to cry when I realized that these \

one-by-one, some even holding hands with another. Could I actually be seeing this disaster unfold with hundreds of people around me crying, screaming and running for safety?

As I watched in horror, another white airliner came from the south and took aim at the South

Tower. As the plane entered the building, there was an explosion and fire and soon debris ( 碎片) began to fall around me. It was then that I realized that we were being attacked and that this was just not a terrible accident. Yet, I still could not move, until I was pushed down by the crowd on the street, many now in a panic running toward the water, as far from the WTC as they could possibly get. All around me were the visual reminders of hundreds of people running in panic. There were shoes, hats, briefcases, pocketbooks, newspapers, and other personal items dropped as hundreds of people ran for safety. ……

Much has been written about the disaster already. We have learned so much in such a small amount of time about appreciating life. In some way we must move forward, bury the dead, build a memorial for those lost, and begin the coping and healing process for the survivors. But healing takes time. Some have been able to head right back to work, others seek counseling, while others remain walking through the streets with expressionless faces. However, we are all united in our grief.

41. According to paragraph one, the author?s office was ______. A. at Washington Heights

B. just beside the World Trade Center C. in the South Street Seaport D. far from the WTC

42. The passage tells us that the author ______. A. was a social worker

B. worked in the Body Positive office near the WTC C. was asked to take some pictures of WTC

D. ran toward WTC because he wanted to make out what was happening

43. What was his first reflection when he stood at the corner?

A. There was a terrible accident in which an airliner struck the first building. B. A terrorist attack against America had begun. .

C. People were floating down from the top of the building as if they wanted to break a world record.

D. He was just at a loss and could not make out what had happened. 44. What was the immediate reaction of the man on seeing all this? A. He watched in horror and cried, but couldn?t move. B. He ran nearer to help out. C. He ran nearer to take pictures.

D. He ran away to try to find a shelter.

45. In the last paragraph, the author?s attitude is that ______. A. different people have different ideas.

B. however difficult the situation is, people should unite and move forward. C. people should go back to work immediately. D. people shouldn?t walk with expressionless faces.

Passage Two

For the five passengers aboard an American Airline flight form Tokyo earlier this month, it was a dilemma worthy of reality television: Go with Santa Clara County health authorities and risk being held in quarantine(隔离) for hours for no good reason. Or go home, make the next connection or get to that business meeting, and risk spreading a potentially deadly new disease to family, fellow passengers and business associates. Emergency vehicles had the aircraft surrounded, and across the nation, Americans watching on live TV got a new look at an old weapon in the fight to protect the public?s health: the quarantine.

In an age of mysterious diseases like SARS, and of bioterrorism threats like smallpox, the quarantine is staging a comeback. By April 4, President Bush signed an unusual executive order that would add SARS to a list of diseases for which federal health officials may quarantine U. S. citizens against their will. It was the first such action since 1893, when the dreaded Eborla virus was added to a series of epidemics.

Quarantine was first used in Venice during the 14th century. In America, its history is long and periodic. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, outbreaks of tuberculosis（肺结核）, smallpox, scarlet fever, cholera and other plagues prompted periodic quarantines throughout the nation When these quarantines were challenged, courts invariably defended the state?s authority to act: Quarantine, the Supreme Court ruled in 1909, does not invade constitutional rights, since individuals have no right to harm others.

But though quarantines were frequently effective in protecting the public from the spread of illness, they can be a blunt (钝的) instrument, and have often been abused or misapplied. In 1900, the death of a Chinese laborer suspected of having bubonic plague（腺鼠疫）in San Francisco prompted authorities to quarantine that city?s entire Chinatown district. Trapped behind crude barriers and barbed wire, and experiencing food shortages. San Francisco?s Asian population successfully challenged the measure as an act aroused by racial prejudice rather than concern for public health.

Today, federal officials have broad rights, through the Centers for Disease Control, to examine and quarantine foreign citizens coming into the United States if they may be carriers of contagious diseases. And state and local officials across the country have broad powers to detain Americans if they are clearly ill with a contagious disease and they resist treatment. 46. What does the first paragraph introduce to us? A. A scene from a soap opera.

B. A piece of news about a shocking scene. C. A scene from a medical advertisement D. A piece of news item telecast live.

47. The five passengers were surrounded by emergency vehicles when landing because they were ______.

A. seriously ill

B. involved in some illegal dealings C. seriously injured in an accident

D. suspected to have some contagious disease 48. Why is the old weapon back again?

A. Because we are facing with the severe attack of some secret disease like SARS. B. Because we are facing with global bioterrorism attack.

C. Because the environmental crisis has made its coming back necessary.

D. Because we are in an age when we turn pale at the mere mention of something terrible. 49. From the passage we can see that ______.

A. quarantine has a very, very long history in America.

B. quarantine has been used several times in America to protect people from the spread of epidemics.

C. when quarantine is carried out, human rights are infringed upon.

D. American citizens have the right to protect their rights at any time and under any circumstances. .

50. From this passage, we can infer that ______.

A. faced with the threat of deadly unknown diseases quarantine is an outdated weapon B. quarantine is not very effective as compared with some other stronger measures C. just like other laws, quarantine can be abused for evil purposes D. quarantine is a weapon to harm others so as to benefit oneself Passage Three

He has been at the helm (舵) of the Securities and Exchange Commission for only three months, but William Donaldson has given individual investors reason to believe that he will prove to be an effective champion of their interests as a vigilant regulator of the nation's financial markets. The challenges ahead remain daunting, but Mr. Donaldson is steadily restoring the agency's credibility in the wake of its disastrous stewardship by Harvey Pitt.

The S.E.C. chairman passed his first big test by persuading William McDonough, the respected president of the New York Federal Reserve, to run the new accounting oversight board created by Congress last summer. He has also opened an important inquiry into trading practices at the New York Stock Exchange. The commission has issued rules to tighten corporate boards' oversight over financial audits. Mr. Donaldson should now see that more is done to shore up shareholder democracy.

A reassuring sign that there is a new sheriff（治安官）on Wall Street came in the aftermath of the recently announced landmark settlement with 10 brokerage（经纪人业务）firms over their tainted stock research. The S.E.C. chairman sternly rebuked Philip Purcell, the chief executive of Morgan Stanley, for trying to minimize the extent of his firm's involvement in the scandals. Mr. Donaldson, a former Wall Street banker himself, wrote a letter to Mr. Purcell describing concern over his \problems if it denied the settled charges.

Besides being unusual, Mr. Donaldson's move was a powerful use of his office's bully pulpit（讲坛）. With all the talk about whether the S.E.C. has enough material resources to pursue corporate malfeasance--the agency's budget is being increased significantly--it was easy in the Harvey Pitt era to forget that a strong SEC chairman can wield a great deal of moral authority. This is especially true given financial institutions' absolute need to retain public trust

Mr. Donaldson should be ready to use his bully pulpit often. Wall Street is awash in a \

51. From the first sentence of paragraph one we can see that ______.

A. Mr. William Donaldson is a very capable chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission

B. the Commission is on a boat

C. Mr. William Donaldson is a steward of a sailing boat D. Mr. William Donadson was once a sailing champion

52. From the first paragraph we can infer that Mr. William Donaldson is ______. A. inexperienced as a steward B. capable, alert and reliable C. not much better than Harry Pitt

D. following the steps of Mr. Harry Pitt

53. From paragraph two we can see that ______.

. A. Mr. William Donaldson asked Mr. William McDonough to take the exam instead of himself B. Mr. William McDonough was asked to do what the Congress wanted him to C. what Mr. William Donaldson has done might violate shareholder democracy D. Mr. William Donaldson has somewhat exceeded his authority

54. Which of the following statements agrees with the facts appear in the passage? A. As a former banker Mr. William Donaldson sought to do others down. B. Being the S. E. C. chairman, Mr. William Donaldson is somewhat warlike. C. Mr. William Donaldson goes to the church regularly.

D. Mr. William Donaldson has done all he can to rebuild the credibility of the S. E. C. 55. Which of the following will you choose as the title of the passage? A. New Sheriff of Wall Street B. A Careerist

C. A Former Banker Gets on in Life D. A Man Who Knows No Fear

Passage Four

There is no question that raising teenagers is a challenge no matter how many parents are living in the home. Particularly challenging are the ages between 12 and 16, which are marked by mood swings, defiant attitudes, and attempts to push the limits set by their parents. During this time, teens are trying their hardest to gain adult independence, which is a normal part of the natural growing process.

So, we accept this as a time to help them learn lessons and find their way to adulthood, despite the fact that it sometimes makes us feel like we are raising aliens from another planet! Two parents in the household can be a definite plus during these years, especially if both are healthy and loving. In single parent homes, a healthy and loving atmosphere is also a key ingredient to raising responsible teens. Also, teens are often masters at pitting (使人相斗) their parents against one another, so when they have divorced parents living in different households, it can be extra difficult to co-parent with effectiveness.

What can single parents do to make the teens in their homes more pleasant? The suggestion is to create realistic and enforceable boundaries. Let your kids know that you will negotiate

boundaries every six months, for instance. Let them come up with ideas so that they will be more apt to comply. The topics to discuss may be such as how they spend their time after school, how they spend time with their friends and how should be their dress code and their hairstyles, and so on.

However, when it comes to alcohol, drugs, smoking and other obvious health risks, there should be no negotiation at all. I never give them permission to drink – and that was final. Let them know they are responsible for their own behavior and should take themselves out of situations that could lead to trouble.

A week before your six-month meeting with your teen, call the other parent and talk about how things have been going in each household. Most of the time, there is a wide range of healthy variations in parenting styles. Explain to your teens that when they enter the workforce, they will work with different supervisors, so operating under different household guidelines should be respected and will be good training for their future. 56. The first paragraph tells us that ______.

A. it is necessary for the parents to bring the teenagers to a doctor if they have au unsteady mood

B. raising children from 12 to 16 is an especially difficult task for parents as a whole C. It is not normal for teenagers to try to gain adult independence D. In raising children, the more adults there are in a family, the better 57. In the second paragraph, the author implies that ______.

A. on their way to adulthood, some children just behave like foreigners

B. only in single parent homes, a healthy and loving air is a very important factor in arising teens

C. raising teenagers is a difficult task especially in a single parent family D. many parents divorced as a result of their children?s pitting 58. What is the best way to make the teens more pleasant?

A. It is to distinguish the responsibilities of the parents from those of the children. B. It is to be more tolerant to them.

C. It is to establish the highest mark children can get.

D. It is to discuss with them the rules of behavior they have to comply 59. By using the sentence “ that is final”, the author ______. A. shows his firm standpoint on these matters B. implies that there was to be a sports meet

C. shows that it is the last time for them to discuss this matter D. shows that he likes to use sports terms 60. What is the main idea of the passage ?

A. It is to teach the single parent how to raise teens successfully.. B. It is to show how difficult it is to raise teens..

C. It is to show to the children that following different rules in different homes is helpful for their future work

D. It is to show the single parent that he or she should make friends with the other parent.

Passage Five

She was slim and he liked her that way. So he called a lawyer. The result was a contract.

According to the document, the fresh-faced bride agreed to pay a fine for each pound she gained in weight, the money refundable upon its loss. The paper signed, and the wedding went on. This is a prenuptial (婚前的) agreement – one more indication of the strange pass of marriage in this most transactional decade. You are welcome to marriage, contractual style, where increasingly detailed legal documents spell out everything from who?s going to do the dishes to who?s going to get the house when you split.

This is family planning taken to extreme. Once employed solely by the rich, second-timers and the old industrialist carrying off the latest young cookie, the prenuptial agreement – a written pact between a couple outlining the financial obligations in the event of divorce – is becoming commonplace in a litigious (爱打官司的), disillusioned and materialistic age in which one in every two marriages is projected to end in divorce.

The only question is: What about love? When asked whether anyone believes in Cupid (爱神) anymore, Dr. Michael Vincent Miller says, “Given a century that is full of sexual liberation, computer-dating services and so on, one feels tempted to reply, ?only in a mood of desperate nostalgia (怀旧)?.” “Pre-nups”(pre-nuptial agreements) do assume negativity. Founded on disillusionment, they cannot be separated from the high divorce rate in the United States. The

result, argues Miller, is a kind of defending mentality. “We?ve gotten good at managing finiteness, failure and trouble with a sort of ?What?s yours is yours and what?s mine is mine?s realism. We?ve seen it isn?t all about love. We?ve seen there?s power politics in there -- a fight for control, and when you?ve got those things, you?re halfway to lawyers and money.”

In other ways, however, the compacts embody positive, even idealistic thinking about marriage, love and relations, a law scholar Isabel Marcus believes. Marcus says, “contracts could spell the end of romantic love as salvation. They say love exists, but that it?s best accompanied by good, hard thinking about equitability（公平）.”

By writing a contract, the couple gains control of its marriage. “What?s good is it contributes to honesty; what?s unfortunate is the idea that any contract can govern your emotions,” says the author of the book “The Nature of Love.”

61. What is your impression about the first paragraph? A. It is a part of a comedy film. B. It is something rare.

C. It is something real and becoming common daily. D. It is ridiculous.

62. According to the passage, the Americans ______. A. know more about how to protect their interests B. are enjoying more equality in their marriages C. believe the law undoubtedly D. have a high divorce rate

63. The phenomenon of pre-nups ______. A. shows the improvement of people?s life

B. shows that people nowadays are more realistic than romantic C. is the product of women liberation

D. shows that people don?t believe each other

64. Some people argue that pre-nups are positive because they ______. A. guarantee the equality of everyone

B. make love accompanied by a balanced relation between the two C. guarantee the freedom and equal rights of women D. make marriages suit the modern times better 65. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Cupid is cast aside as prenuptial agreements become common. B. Prenuptial agreements will provide you dignity when you divorce C. Prenuptial agreements and marriages are mutually inclusive D. Yours is yours and mine is mine

Passage Six

Last week was the 70th anniversary of an event in American history. On April 6, 1933, the Senate overwhelmingly passed a bill that would have made the standard 30-hour workweek. The bill passed by the Senate was an effort to reduce a national unemployment rate of 25 percent. It had strong support from labor and religious leaders who argued that working people needed time for family, education, recreation and spirituality as much as they needed higher wages. But the bill failed in the House. The Fair Labor Standards Act, passed five years later, gave Americans a statutory 40-hour workweek.

Yet today, in an era when American productivity is several times what it was then, most

Americans find it hard to get all their work done in 40 hours. Meanwhile, millions of Americans are without work. According to the International Labor Organization, Americans now work 1,978 hours annually, 350 hours more than Western Europeans.

In effect, the United States as a society took all of its increases in labor productivity in the form of money and stuff instead of time. Of course, we didn't all get the money; and the largest share of the increase went to the richest Americans.

The harmful effects of working more hours are being felt in many areas of society. Stress is a leading cause of heart disease and weakened immune systems. Consumption of fast foods and lack

of time for exercise has led to an epidemic of obesity( 肥胖) and diabetes( 糖尿病). Many parents complain that they do not have enough time to spend with their children and much less become involved with their community.

By contrast, over the past 30 years, Europeans have made a different choice -- to live simpler, more balanced lives and work fewer hours. The average Norwegian, for instance, works 29 percent less than the average American，yet his average income is only 16 percent less.

Work and consumption are not necessarily bad. But producing and consuming can become the focus of a person's life at the expense of other values. Americans should reflect on those values. . 66. In 1933, the Senate passed the bill of the standard 30-hour workweek because ______. A. there was an unemployment rate of 25 percent

B. workers needed more time to take care of their families C. workers needed more time for education

D. workers needed more time going to the church 67. From the passage we can see that ______.

A. the American workers turn their high productivity into more money. B. workers should work less time with the increase of their productivity.

C. the higher the productivity, the less time the Americans work and the more money they get. D. the higher the productivity, the longer vacation the Americans get. 68. According to the passage, the Europeans ______.

A. not only work better but also enjoy life better than the Americans B. earn much less money than the American workers

C. work less hours because they are not so strong as the Americans. D. live a more balanced life than the Americans do. 69. What can you infer from the passage?

A. It?s not a bad thing to earn more money.

B. Work and consumption are not so good as we think.

C. Working and consuming can be harmful if they surpass a certain level. D. Life is work.

70. The author intends to show us ______. A. that the Americans enjoy a balanced life

B. that to enjoy one?s life you have to earn a lot of money C. how to keep fit

D. that the Americans are suffering from workweek woes

Part IV Translation (20 points)

71. English- Chinese Translation (10 points)

Directions: Translate the following English into Chinese and write your translation on your Answer Sheet II.

Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experiences, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to thinking itself. Contrary to popular belief, language does not simply mirror reality, but helps create our sense of reality by giving meaning to events.

Words are the tools of a speaker's craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meanings of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly, and vividly. Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your

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