介词in,on.at,for.with,by,of的基本用法

更新时间:2023-11-16 19:30:01 阅读量: 教育文库 文档下载

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介词用法知多少

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词。例如汉语中的“用”可译成:(1)用英语(in English);(2)用小刀(with a knife);(3)用手工(by hand);(4)用墨水(in ink)等。所以,千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法,其实介词的用法非常广泛,搭配能力很强,越是常用的介词,其含义越多。下面就简单介绍几组近义介词的用法及其搭配方法。 一. in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别

1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如: Taiwan is in the southeast of China.

2. to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如: Japan lies to the east of China.

3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:

North Korea is on the east of China.

4. off表示“离??一些距离或离??不远的海上”。如: They arrived at a house off the main road.

New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.

二. at, in, on, by和through在表示时间上的区别 1. at指时间表示:

(1)时间的一点、时刻等。如:

They came home at sunrise (at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn). (2)较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如: He went home at Christmas (at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night). 2. in指时间表示:

(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。如:

in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc

(2)在一段时间之后。一般情况下,用于将来时,谓语动词为瞬间动词,意为“在??以后”。如: He will arrive in two hours.

谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在??以内”。如:

These products will be produced in a month.

注意:after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”。如:

He will arrive after two o’clock. 3. on指时间表示:

(1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等。如: On Christmas Day(On May 4th), there will be a celebration. (2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如: He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th. (3)准时,按时。如:

If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark. 4. by指时间表示:

(1)不迟于,在(某时)前。如:

He will come by six o’clock.

Jack had made some friends by the time you came. (2)在??间,在??的时候。如:

He worked by day and slept by night.

5. through指时间意为“从??开始到结束”,此时与throughout相同。如: We work hard all through the year.

三. near, by, beside, at表示“在??附近”时的区别 1. near表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远。如:

Suzhou is near Shanghai.

2. by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不可能很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在??旁边”的意思。如:

He was sitting beside her.

3. at也有“在旁边”的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表示位置关系。如:

The students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher.

Several students are sitting by / beside the window talking about a film.

四. at, in和on表示地点时的区别 1. at表示地点:

(1)用于指较小的地方。如: I shall wait for you at the station. (2)用于门牌号码前。如: He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 2. in表示地点:

(1)用于指较大的地方。如:

He lives in Shanghai.

(2)虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in。商店、学校、机关等,若看作一个地点(point)用at,若看作一个场所(place)用in。如: I met him at the post-office.

I’m now working in the post-office.

3. on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在??上;在??旁”。如: The picture was hanging on the wall. New York is on the Hudson River.

五. besides, except, except for, but表示“除??外”之间的区别 1. besides表示“除了??以外,还有??”,具有附加性质。如: Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

注意:besides用于否定句中时,与except, but同义,可互换。如: We have no other books besides / except these. 2. except表示“??除外”,具有排它性质。如:

We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.(王先生没去) 3. except for表示“除了??”,即表示除去整体中的一部分。如: The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.

4. but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词。如:

Nobody knew it but me. 时间介词in, on与at的用法

介词in, on与at都可用于表示时间的名词前,但用法各不相同,其区别在于: 一、用in的场合

(1)表示“在某年/月/季节”这个含义时,须用介词in。例如: She came to this city in 1980.他于1980年来到这个城市。 It often rains here in summer.夏天这里常常下雨。

(2)表示“从现在起一段时间以后”时,须用介词in。例如: They will go to see you in a week.他们将在一周后去看望你。 I will be back in a month.我将在一个月后回来。

(3)表示“在某世纪”时,须用介词in.例如:

This machine was invented in the eighteenth century.这台机器是在18世纪发明的. Great changes took place in the twentieth century.20世纪发生了巨大变化. (4)表示“在某年代或特定世纪某年代”时,须用介词in。例如:

This incident happened in the 1970''''s.该事件发生在20世纪70年代。

The Anti-Japanese War broke out in the 1930''''s.抗日战争爆发于20世纪30年代。 除此之外,morning / evening / afternoon 三个词也常跟介词in连用。例如: Don't watch TV too much in the evening.晚上看电视不要太多。

They sometimes play games in the afternoon.他们有时在下午做游戏。

二、用on的场合

(1)表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。例如:

Jack was born on May 10th,1982.杰克生于1982年5月10日。

They left on a rainy morning.他们是在一个雨天的早上离开的。

He went back to America on a summer afternoon.他于一个夏天的下午返回了美国。 (2)表示“在星期几”或“在星期几的早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。例如: We don't go to school on Saturday and Sunday.我们星期六和星期天不上学。 What time do you get up on weekdays?你在平日什么时候起床?

I heard this story on Saturday morning.我是在星期六的早晨听到这个故事的。 (3)表示“在某一节日”时,须用介词on。例如:

We usually eat moon cakes on Mid-autumn Festival.我们通常在中秋节吃月饼。 Mr Hu received a card on Teachers' Day.胡老师在教师节那天收到了一张卡片。 注意:当morning, evening, afternoon被of短语修饰,习惯上用in,而不用on.例如: in the early morning of September 10th 在9月10的清晨;in the late afternoon of September 12th 在9月12日的傍晚。

三、用at的场合

(1)表示“某一具体时刻(即几点几分时)”,须用介词at。例如: He gets up at six o'clock every day .他每天六点起床。

I got home at five thirty yesterday afternoon.我昨天下午五点半到家。

(2)用在特定的时候(时节、时机)时,须用介词at。例如: They were happy at that time.他们那时很幸福。

I think the shop is closed at this time of day.我认为商店在白天的这个时候关门了。

(3)表示“在中午、在夜晚、在周末”时,须用介词at。例如:

What do you often do at noon? 你中午经常做些什么?

You can see many stars in the sky at night.夜晚你能看到天空中有许多星星。 (4)表示“在??岁”时,须用介词at。例如:

At the age of nine ,the boy could swim well.在九岁的时候,这孩子就游泳游得很好了。 At the age of twenty, I began to teach English at this school.在二十岁的时候,我就开始在这所学校教英语了。

注意:在含有next ,last, this, one ,any, each, every , some, all的词组和tomorrow, yesterday, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday 前不用任何介词。例如: What did you do last summer holidays? 去年暑假你做了些什么? What are you going to do the day after tomorrow? 后天你打算做什么?

各类介词:in ,of, on ,to, with ,of, at的用法

谈谈介词(Preposition)(一)

介词在英语用词里也属于难缠的一个项目。因为它涉及方面很广,而且变化多端,往 往令人捉摸不定,记起来很麻烦。因此就有有心人弄了一个《介词口诀》来帮助学习者 ;也有人写了《Preposition Song》令学习者一面唱歌一面轻松地记忆介词的用法。 介词英文叫作Preposition (简称prep),它由pre和position组成,pre是前面的意 思,而position是位置的意思。因此以前中文译作“前置词”,就是一种放在名词(或 相当于名词的词语)前面的虚词。 一、常用的介词

about,above,across,after,against,around,at,

before,behind,below,beneath,beside,besides,between,beyond,by, down,during, except, for,from, in,inside,into, like, near,

of,off,on,out,outside,over, since,

through,throughout,till,to,toward, under,until,up,upon, with,without, according to, because of, by way of, in addition to, in front of, in place of, in regard to, in spite of, instead of,

on account of,

out of.

哇,这么一大堆!别怕别怕,大部份的介词都不难理解,比较令人头痛的只是下列几个 :

at, by, to, in, for, of, on, from, with

其中又以 at, by, in, on 为四大“要犯\!学习介词就是要抓住这几\要犯\,看招 吧,嘿嘿!!

这回就谈到这里吧,噢,对了,下回就让我们先来一道《Preposition Song》洋餐吧。 谈谈介词(Preposition)(二)

二、Preposition Song (括号内是一部份介词用法提示,是我加的)

(本曲找不到原谱,但你可以自己配上适当的。如下面简单曲子就是例子: 3212/333-/222-/333-/3212/333-/2232/111-//)

1. In the summer at the seaside (季节用in, 在海边用at) On the coast we like it fine (在海岸用on) but in winter ,yes ,at Christmas (在圣诞用at) By the fireside we recline (放置) (在炉边用by) 2. In July we went to Kenya (月份用in)

Stayed in Lamu by the sea, (住在Lamu用in) We came back to Tanzania

Then across Victoria sea

3. Did you come here in a taxi? (乘出租汽车用in)

Or by bus, or on the train? (乘公共汽车用by, 乘火车用on) Did you come on foot this evening (步行用on) Or perhaps by aeroplane? (乘飞机用by)

4. Will you come to tea on Monday? (在星期一用on) I′ll be home at half past three (时间三点半用at) Yes, I′ll stay for half an hour (长达半小时用for) if you buy some beer for me (给我for me)

5. In the morning I drink coffee (早晨用in the morning) In the afternoon there′s tea (下午用in the afternoon) In the evening I have cocoa (傍晚用in the evening) Yes, at night ,it′s good for me. (晚上用at night)

6. Where′s my pencil?In the kitchen (厨房里in the kitchen)

On the table near the chair (在桌上on the table, 在椅边near the chair) Underneath the cup and saucer (在杯和碟的下面 underneath...) Just behind the teapot there (在茶壶后边behind...)

7. Can you tell me how to get to Mr. Johnson′s coffee-bar?

Down the street and round the corner (down the street 沿着街道,round...绕过) Past the church and there you are

8. Where′s the bookshop? Over there,dear (over there 那里)

First turn left,then go straight on,

Along the road,across the market (沿着路along the road, 穿过市场 across...) It′s in front of you, dear John (在你前面 in front of you)

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