英语论文 翻译

Literal Translation and Free Translation

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of Graduation To the Foreign Language Department

Oct. 31，2007

摘 要

随着经济和政治的全球化，人们愈来愈看重国际合作和不同国家间的文化交流。但是如何才能减少不同文化间的差异，让人们能够畅通无阻的进行交流，又成了迫切需要解决的问题。在这其中翻译起着至关重要的作用。所以我们必须高度强调翻译的精确性。

这篇文章旨在探讨两种翻译方式（直译和意译）的含义以及如何正确的使用他们。两者都是翻译的手段，而不是翻译的标准。事实上，它们是互补的而不是矛盾的。直译是一种立足于原文的翻译方式, 它尽可能的保留原文的结构和相关信息。但这并不等同于逐字逐句的翻译。另外，并不是所有的句子都可以用直译这种方式的，例如有的句子可能包含了一些不能直接翻译的谚语或者直译出来的句子背离了原文的文化背景和风俗习惯。此时我们就需要使用意译这种翻译方式。

意译，顾名思义就是在理解原文意思的基础上自然流畅的翻译，不注重原文中小的细节。意译是一种自由的和创造性的翻译方式，它不注重原文的形式和结构。另一方面，由于翻译的本质在于创造出译文读者和原文读者相同的感受，所以翻译时不能在译作中加上译者的个人情感，意译并不等同于随意翻译。我们应同时使用直译和意译，从而达到一个完美的效果。

i

Abstract

As we are marching into a new era of global economy and politics, the international communication and intercultural intercourse become more and more important in which translation plays a great role. So we must place high value on exact translation.

This article refers to literal translation and free translation and how to use literal translation and free translation properly. They’re methods rather than principles. As a matter of fact, they’re complementary rather than contradictory. Literal translation is a choice which translates a sentence originally and keeps the original message form. But literal translation is not word-for-word translation. It is not acceptable that every word of source language is translated coordinately. Some sentences should not translate literally, because these sentences contain some idioms or don’t accord with the custom of the target language. Then translators should use free translation. Free translation advocates importance of the meaning of the original, paying little attention to the details. Free translation need not pay attention to the form of the original, including construction of the original sentences, meaning of the original works and so on .Free translation is a translation skill which is active and liberal. The essence of translation is to make the target language readers have the same feelings and cognition as the source language readers, so free translation doesn’t account to random translation. To make a perfect effect, we should use the two methods simultaneously.

ii

Literal Translation and Free Translation

Thesis: This article is about literal translation and free translation and how to use literal translation and free translation properly. Literal translation and free translation are supposed to use simultaneously.

Outline

Introduction

I. Correct understanding of translation

II. The relationship between literal translation and free translation

A. The conception of the two terms B. Methods rather than principles

Ⅲ.Correct understanding of literal translation

A. Using literal translation if possible

B. Inequality between literal translation and word-for-word translation

Ⅳ. Correct understanding of free translation

A. Inequality between free translation and random translation

B. Producing natural equivalence between source language and target language

Conclusion

iii

Literal Translation and Free Translation

Introduction

People often debate the question which is the essence of translation between literal translation and free translation. In fact, they’re methods rather than principles. They’re complementary rather than contradictory, and each of them is important and vital. We lay stress on how to handle two different kinds of language properly, and which way of translation is better used to translate a sentence. Especially, target language must express what source language means, distortion is not allowed. Literal translation and free translation are two main forms of translation. Translate literally if possible, or use free translation. Literal translation retains original skills, so it is getting on for original. When using literal translation encounters some obstacles, we often use free translation.

Free translation expresses general idea of the original, and can be accepted by readers. A good translation composition contains both the literal translation and free translation.

Ⅰ. Correct understanding of translation.

Is translating simply the act of transferring the meaning of a text from one language into another or does it depend on some theory of similarities and contrasts between languages? In order to analyze and to direct such an activity, a number of specialists in translating have elaborated numerous theories. But what seems even strange is that for the most part the best professional translators and interpreters have little or no use for the various theories of translation. They regard them as largely a waste of time, especially since most professional translators regularly and consistently violate so many rules laid down by theorists.

As yet there is no theory of translation in the technical sense of a coherent set of

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