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1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary

In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (15 points)

EXAMPLE:

I was caught ________ the rain yesterday. [A] in [B] by [C] with [D] at ANSWER: [A] 1.

No doctors could cure the patient _____B___ his strange disease. [A] with [B] of [C] from [D] off 2.

He was ____C____ his wits? end what to do. [A] in [B] on [C] at [D] of 3.

Prior ____A____ his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. [A] to [B] of [C] in [D] from 4.

The driving instructor told me to pull ____A____ at the post office. [A] up [B] back [C] round [D] along

5. When there?s a doubt, the chairman?s decision is _____D___. [A] right [B] definite [C] fixed [D] final

6.

We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always __B______. [A] unquestionable [B] sound [C] subtle [D] healthy

7. The noise of the plane died ____A____ in the distance. [A] away [B] out [C] down [D] off

8. Hospital doctors don?t go out very often as their work ___D_____ all their time. [A] takes away [B] takes in [C] takes over [D] takes up

9. Attendances at football matches have ____C____ since the coming of television. [A] dropped in [B] dropped down [C] dropped off [D] dropped out

10. After the death of their parents, the sisters got well ____C____ and never

quarreled.

[A] away [B] in [C] along [D] out

11. They always give the vacant seats to ___C_____ comes first.

[A] who [B] whom [C] whoever [D] whomever

12. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication _____A___ the

advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.

[A] in that [B] in which [C] in order that [D] in the way

13. He is __D______ of an actor.

[A] anybody [B] anyone [C] somebody [D] something

14. The captain apologized __D______ to tell us more about the accident.

[A] for to be unable [B] that he was unable [C] to be unable [D] for being unable

15. ____C____ is no reason for discharging her.

[A] Because she was a few minutes late [B] Owing to a few minutes being late [C] The fact that she was a few minutes late [D] Being a few minutes late Section II: Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)

On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or __16__ she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and __17__ a sharp lookout for the bargains that

were sometimes to be had. And then, with all the things she needed __18__ she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour __19__ she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.

One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look __20__ without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped __21__ before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours __22__ less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” A pound a week... __23__, she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her __24__. “Can I help you, Madam?” She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her __25__. “Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.” “We?ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you?ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”

Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn?t need, left the shop hurriedly. 16. [A] so

[B] more [C] else [D] another 17. [A] taking

[B] making [C] fixing [D] keeping 18. [A] buy

[B] bought [C] buying [D] to have bought 19. [A] in a way

[B] by the way [C] in the way [D] on the way 20. [A] behind

[B] round [C] back

[D] on 21. [A] doubted

[B] wondered [C] puzzled [D] delighted 22. [A] at

[B] for [C] with [D] in 23. [A] Why

[B] When [C] How [D] What 24. [A] jump

[B] leap [C] laugh [D] wonder 25. [A] place

[B] back [C] side [D] front

Section III: Reading Comprehension

Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)

Text 1

There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in

given [C] thus far. [D] 50. [A] great many [A] educators firmly [B] believe that English is one of the poorest [C] taught subjects in high schools today. [D] 51. Of all his outdoor [A] activities. Paul likes fishing best of all, [B] but he doesn?t

enjoy cleaning [C] fishing rods afterwards. [D] 52. I should [A] not have recognized the [B] man even [C] you had told [D] me his

name. 53. In an hour?s [A] time I had done the work with [B] my satisfaction; I got my hat in [C] hall and slipped out unnoticed. [D] 54. The new hotel has erected [A] a beautiful building with [B] recreation areas and conference facilities on the top floor in which [C] the finest view of the city can be obtained. [D] 55. While in [A] Europe, the tourists enjoyed to [B] their heart?s [C] content the

weather, the food and going to the theatre. [D] Section VI: Verb Forms

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college. ANSWER: (should) be appointed 56. The enemy retreated to the woods after they (defeat). 57. I (speak) to him for some time before I realized who he was.

58. One should never lose one?s heart when (confront) with temporary difficulties. 59. The house suddenly collapsed while it (pull) down.

60. On (give) an assignment to make a business tour abroad, he gladly accepted it. 61. (Get) everything ready, they got down to map out a plan for the construction of a

new express way. 62. After Peter grew a beard, even his close friends (not recognize) him at first sight. 63. Darkness (set) in, the young people lingered on merrymaking.

64. The students were to (assemble) at the auditorium before 1:30 p.m., but the

lecture was canceled at the last minute. 65. Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (take) into

account before starting a new project. Section VII: Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points) 66. 去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。 67. 他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大。

68. 我们现在必须做的是把情况作一番仔细的调查。 69. 很难说哪个方案更为切实可行。

70. 昨晚如果他来了，问题也许已得到解决。 Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)

It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards. (71) If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. (72) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. (73) Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. (74) Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders” with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn?t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn?t have ended up as an interpreter, but it?s too late now. I couldn?t go back and begin all over again.”

(75) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one?s time at university. (76) This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning. (77) He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about. (78) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.

1986年参考答案

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points) 1. [B] 6. [B] 11. [C] 2. [C] 7. [A] 12. [A] 3. [A] 8. [D] 13. [D] 4. [A] 9. [C] 14. [D] 5. [D] 10. [C] 15. [C] Section II: Error-detection and Correction (10 points) 16. [A] 21. [D] 17. [D] 22. [B] 18. [B] 23. [A] 19. [C] 24. [A] 20. [B] 25. [C] Section III: Reading Comprehension (10 points) 26. [B] 31. [C] 27. [D] 32. [A] 28. [C] 33. [D] 29. [D] 34. [A] 30. [B] 35. [C] Section IV: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points) 36. [C] 41. [D] 37. [B] 42. [C] 38. [A] 43. [B] 39. [C] 44. [B] 40. [D] 45. [D] Section V: Error-detection and Correction (10 points) 46. [C] approve of 48. [A] appear 50. [C] most poorly 52. [C] even if, even though 54. [C] where, from which, on which Section VI: Verb Forms (10 points)

56. were defeated/had been defeated 57. had been speaking 58. confronted 59. was being pulled 60. being given 61. Having got 62. could/did not recognize, were not 63. setting able to recognize 64. have assembled/assemble 65. (should) be taken Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)

66. The good crop last year was due to the improvement of farm management and

favorable weather condition.

47. [C] has been 49. [C] has been given 51. [B] (the) best, (the) most 53. [B] to 55. [D] the theatre 67. The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected. 68. What we must do now is to make a careful investigation of the situation. 69. It?s hard to say which plan is more practicable.

70. If he had come yesterday evening, the question might have been solved. Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)

71. 如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学

生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。 72. 如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了扩大

思想境界和学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，进大学对他是有好处的。 73. 学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有

充分时间对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解。 74. 我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的“全面发展的学生”，

经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。 75. 当然，关于一个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间，还有另外一个方面。 76. 某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。

77. 他一毕业马上就被一所他自己选中的大学所接受，再花三、四年时间，以优

异的成绩取得荣誉学位，成为一名专家，但对外界的一切却几乎一无所知。 78. 因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。

1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary

In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

I was caught ________ the rain yesterday. [A] in [B] by

[C] with [D] at ANSWER: [A] 1.

The skyscraper stands out ________ the blue sky. [A] in [B] against [C] under [D] beneath 2.

They have always been on good ________ with their next-door neighbors. [A] friendship [B] relations [C] connection [D] terms 3.

Hello! Is that 21035? Please put me ________ to the manager. [A] across [B] up [C] through [D] over 4.

Why do you look so ________? You never smile or look cheerful. [A] miserable [B] unfortunate [C] sorry [D] rude 5.

Eggs, though nourishing, have ________ of fat content. [A] large number [B] a large number [C] the high amount [D] a high amount 6.

Jim always ________ his classmates in a debate. [A] backs out [B] backs away [C] backs up

[D] backs down 7.

Most of the people who ________ two world wars are strongly against arms race.

[A] have lived out [B] have lived through [C] have lived on [D] have lived off 8.

There are many inconveniences that have to be ________ when you are camping. [A] put up [B] put up with [C] put off [D] put away 9.

Is it true that those old houses are being pulled down ________ new office blocks?

[A] to accommodate [B] to provide for [C] to increase [D] to make room for

10. Being in no great hurry, ________.

[A] we went the long route with scenery [B] the long, scenic route was our preference [C] we took the long scenic route

[D] our preference was taking the long, scenic route Section II: Reading Comprehension

Each of three passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers, read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

Text 1

For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix,” which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested.

The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. The vehicle was called a helicopter.

Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled. The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their other multitude of used: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.

11. People expect that ________.

[A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters

[B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from

place to place as airliners are now doing [C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer?s invention would become a

reality in the future [D] their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of

today 12. Helicopters work with the aid of ________.

[A] a combination of rotating devices in front and on top [B] a rotating device topside

[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end [D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting

13. What is said about the development of the helicopter?

[A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940. [B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters. [C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes. [D] Some people thought they would become widely used by average

individuals.

14. How has the use of helicopters developed?

[A] They have been widely used for various purposes. [B] They are taking the place of high-flying jets. [C] They are used for rescue work.

[D] They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.

15. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?

[A] For overseas passenger transportation. [B] For extremely high altitude flights. [C] For high-speed transportation.

[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.

Text 2

In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events uncertain, but events included boy?s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games. On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.

After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.

Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing courtiers pay their own athletes? expenses.

The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun?s rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The

torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games. 16. In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games ________.

[A] were merely national athletic festivals

[B] were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour [C] had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position [D] were primarily national events with few foreign participants 17. In the early days of ancient Olympic Games ________.

[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games

[B] all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take

part [C] all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in Games [D] all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games 18. The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics ________.

[A] has not definitely been established

[B] varied according to the number of foreign competitors [C] was decided by Zeus, in whose honor the Games were held [D] was considered unimportant

19. Modern athletes? results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners

because ________.

[A] the Greeks had no means of recording the results [B] they are much better

[C] details such as the time were not recorded in the past [D] they are much worse

20. Nowadays, the athletes? expenses are paid for ________.

[A] out of the prize money of the winners

[B] out of the funds raised by the competing nations [C] by the athletes themselves [D] by contributions

Text 3

In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilization?s every

step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish-brown gum. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. “Electricity,” Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul?s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that?s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that?s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.

21. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is ________.

[A] to explain why things happen [B] to explain how things happen [C] to describe self-evident principles [D] to support Aristotelian science

22. What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?

[A] the speculations of Thales

[B] the forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravity [C] Aristotle?s natural science [D] Galileo?s discoveries

23. Bertrand Russell?s notion about electricity is ________.

[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists

[B] in agreement with Aristotle?s theory of self-evident principles

[C] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how” things

happen [D] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why” things

happen 24. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea ________.

[A] that there are mysterious forces in the universe

[B] that man cannot discover what forces “really” are [C] that there are self-evident principles

[D] that we can discover why things behave as they do 25. Modern science came into being ________.

[A] when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced [B] when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen [C] when Aristotelian scientist tried to explain why things happen

[D] when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality of reasoning Section III: Structure and Vocabulary

Fill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentence. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

It was the largest experiment we have ever had, it ________ six hours. [A] ended [B] finished [C] was [D] lasted ANSWER: [D]

26. As scheduled, the communications satellite went into ________ round the earth.

[A] circle [B] orbit [C] path [D] course

27. When I saw Jane, I stopped and smiled, but she ________ me and walked on.

[A] refused [B] ignored [C] denied [D] missed

28. It was a good game, and at the end the ________ was Argentina 3, West

Germany 2.

[A] mark [B] account [C] record

[D] score

29. George took ________ of the fine weather to do a day?s work in his garden.

[A] chance [B] interest [C] advantage [D] charge

30. Is there anyone who ________ the plans put forward by the committee?

[A] differs [B] opposes [C] disagrees [D] refuses

31. All too ________ it was time to go back to school after the summer vacation.

[A] often [B] quick [C] fast [D] soon

32. In an accident when two cars run into each other, they ________.

[A] hit [B] knock [C] strike [D] collide

33. The noise was caused by a boy ________ a cat through the garden.

[A] catching [B] fighting [C] following [D] chasing

34. He drove fast and arrived an hour ________ of schedule.

[A] in advance [B] ahead [C] abreast [D] in front

35. This ticket ________ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.

[A] gives [B] entitles [C] grants [D] credits Section IV: Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

For instance, the automobile tunnel might ________ huge ventilation problems. [A] make [B] bring [C] raise [D] create ANSWER: [D]

Cheques have __36__ replaced money as a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite valueless in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain __37__ when he accepts a cheques and he is quite __38__ his rights if on occasion, he refuses to do so. People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called __39__. An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience. He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large __40__ of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by Cheques. The assistant said that this was quite __41__ but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager?s office.

The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless Cheque not long ago. My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else. When he got up to go, the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay __42__ the wanted to get into serious trouble. __43__, the police arrived soon afterwards. They apologized to my friend for the __44__, but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies. Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The note __45__: “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.” Fortunately, my friend?s handwriting was quite unlike the thief?s. He was not only allowed to go

without further delay, but to take the string of pearls with him. 36. [A] exactly

[B] really [C] largely [D] thoroughly 37. [A] danger

[B] chance [C] risk [D] opportunity 38. [A] within

[B] beyond [C] without [D] out of 39. [A] in difficulty

[B] in doubt [C] in earnest [D] in question 40. [A] amount

[B] stock [C] number [D] store 41. [A] in order

[B] in need [C] in use [D] in common 42. [A] whether

[B] if [C] otherwise [D] unless 43. [A] Really

[B] Sure enough

[C] Certainly [D] However 44. [A] treatment

[B] manner [C] inconvenience [D] behaviour 45. [A] read

[B] told [C] wrote [D] informed Section V: Verb Forms

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your answer in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college. ANSWER: (should) be appointed 46. With all factors (consider) we think this program may excel all the others in

achieving the goal. 47. They had been working round the clock for a couple of days (hope) to get the

design out before their competitors did. 48. There?s a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors

that chief attention (give) to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit. 49. If we don?t start out now, we must risk (miss) the train.

50. This test (intend) to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks. 51. The members of the delegation were glad (stay) longer than originally planned. 52. With full knowledge of his past experience, we knew all along that he (succeed). 53. (Know not) what appropriate measures to be taken to cope with the situation, he

wrote to his lawyer for advice.

54. It?s no good (write) to him, he never answers letters. The only thing to do is to go

and see him. 55. (Come) what may, we?re not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable

demands. Section VI: Error-detection and Correction

Each question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down the correct word or phrase on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

You?ve to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there?s [B] hardly something [C] left. [D] ANSWER: [C] anything

56. In [A] his response to [B] the advertisement, Ed. replied that he was looking for

a full-time position [C] not a part-time [D] one. 57. No one who has seen [A] him work [B] in the laboratory can deny [C] that

William has great capabilities of [D] research. 58. Neither of the alternatives that had been outlined [A] at the last meeting [B] were [C] acceptable to [D] the executive committee. 59. Airline companies today require [A] that all luggage?s [B] be inspected [C]

before passengers are admitted into [D] the waiting rooms. 60. Although Alice has been [A] to the mountains many times [B] be fore, she still

[C] loves visiting it. [D] 61. An important function of the World Health Organization is to improve [A] the

healthy [B] and living conditions for the sick and the poor of [C] world [D] 62. The element carbon is widely [A] found [B] in nature [C] in many forms

including both diamonds as well as [D] coal. 63. While still a young boy [A] Bizet knew to play [B] the piano well and as [C] he

grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which [D] is Carmen. 64. Despite the fact that [A] the South Pole is as snow-covered [B] and

stormy-weathered [C] as the North Pole, it is colder [D] than the North Pole. 65. Climate [A] conditions vary widely [B] from place to place and from season to

season, but a certain order and pattern [C] can be identifiable. [D] Section VII: Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following sentences into English (15 points) 66. 所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。 67. 我们恳切希望你早日给我们一个答复。 68. 即使你说服不了他，也不要灰心丧气。 69. 这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。

70. 你讲英语时，发音要准，否则人家就听不懂你的意思。 Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)

Have there always been cities? (71) Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development. Groups with primitive economics still manage without them. The trend, however, is for such groups to disappear, while cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of man?s social existence. (72) Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization. Any high degree of human endeavor and achievement has been closely linked to life in an urban environment. (73) It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them. To most people, cities have traditionally been the areas where there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity. (74) In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. What has happened to the modern American city? Actually, the problem is not such a new one. Long before this century started, there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American society into the cities. Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse. During this century, there has also been the development of large suburban areas surrounding the cities, for the rich prefer to live in these areas. Within the cities, sections may be sharply divided into high and low rent districts, the “right side of town” and the slums.

Of course, everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation. But there is no agreement as to goals. Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them. (75) But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities. Of course, there is the problem of persuading people to move out of them of their own free will. (76) And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated. Is this, however, still the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication? Does culture arise as a result of people living together communally, or is it too the result of decisions made at the level of government and the communications industry?

It is probably true to say that most people prefer to preserve the cities. Some think that the cities could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt. This is easy to say; it would not be so easy to do. (77) To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. Living conditions could not help but improve, at least for a while. But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed?

Nevertheless, with the majority of the people living in urban areas, the problem of the cities must be solved. (78) From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction. At the basis of much of this inaction is an old-fashioned concept -- the idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal.

1987年参考答案

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points) 1. [B] 6. [C] 2. [D] 7. [B] 3. [C] 8. [B] 4. [A] 9. [D] 5. [D] 10. [C] Section II: Reading Comprehension (15 points) 11. [B] 16. [B] 21. [B] 12. [B] 17. [A] 22. [C] 13. [D] 18. [A] 23. [C] 14. [A] 19. [C] 24. [B] 15. [D] 20. [B] 25. [A] Section III: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points) 26. [B] 31. [D] 27. [B] 32. [D] 28. [D] 33. [D] 29. [C] 34. [B] 30. [B] 35. [B] Section IV: Close Test (10 points) 36. [C] 41. [A] 37. [C] 42. [D] 38. [A] 43. [B] 39. [D] 44. [C] 40. [B] 45. [A] Section V: Verb Forms (10 points) 46. considered 48. (should) be given 50. is intended 47. hoping 49. missing 51. to have stayed 52. would succeed 54. writing 53. Not knowing 55. come Section VI: Error-detection and Correction (10 points) 56. [D] a part-time 58. [C] was 60. [D] visiting them 62. [D] and 64. [D] it is colder 57. [D] for 59. [B] luggage 61. [B] health 63. [B] how to play 65. [D] identified Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points) 66. All those who work hard should be encouraged. 67. We sincerely hope that you give us an early reply.

68. Don?t feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him. 69. So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.

70. When you speak English, your pronunciation should be correct. Otherwise you

can?t make yourself understood. Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)

71. 对我们来说，生活要是没有广大的城市地区似乎是不可想象的，但实际上城

市还是比较按期才发展起来的。(2分) 72. 从历史上看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。(2分)

73. 如果没有城市的支持，简直难以想象会有大学，医院，大企业，甚至连科学

技术也不会有。(3分) 74. 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。(2分)

75. 但是，一个最主要的分歧意见是，像目前这样的城市是否还要保存下去。(3

分) 76. 同时也有人反对说，文化方面的进步，始终是以城市为中心而向外辐射的。

(3分) 77. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。(2分) 78. 遗憾的是，过去我们在总目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及到各个具体目标时，

意见就不一致，因而也就根本没有什么行动。(3分)

1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary

In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

EXAMPLE:

I was caught ________ the rain yesterday. [A] in [B] by [C] with [D] at ANSWER: [A] 1.

I didn?t buy the apples; she gave them to me ________ nothing. [A] with [B] as [C] for [D] by 2.

It?s ________ my power to make final decision on the matter. [A] off [B] outside [C] above [D] beyond 3.

I should say Henry is not ________ much a writer as a reporter. [A] that [B] so [C] this [D] as 4.

I won?t pay 20 for the coat; it?s not worth ________. [A] all that much [B] that much all [C] that all much

[D] much all that 5.

He didn?t go into detail on the subject; he spoke ________. [A] in common [B] in general [C] in particular [D] in short 6.

It?s true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We won?t take the new one, ________, because we don?t feel as safe on it. [A] somehow [B] though [C] therefore [D] otherwise 7.

When you are about through the story ________, try to make a guess how the plot will develop. [A] half [B] midway [C] halfway [D] one-half 8.

Though already a teenager, Peter still finds it hard to ________ his favorite toys. [A] part off [B] part with [C] part away [D] part from 9.

Strenuous efforts have been made to ________ government expenses to a desirable level. [A] cut down [B] cut short [C] cut out [D] cut off

10. When at a party, be sure not to ________ from the person who tries to engage

you in conversation.

[A] turn down [B] turn away

[C] turn off [D] turn back

11. The survival ________ of some wild animals is not very high as they are

ruthlessly hunted for their skins.

[A] rate [B] degree [C] ratio [D] scale

12. He was ________ admittance to the theatre for not being properly dressed.

[A] denied [B] rejected [C] repelled [D] deprived

13. When I ask you a question, I expect a ________ answer.

[A] punctual [B] fast [C] rapid [D] prompt

14. If a man is legally separated from his wife, is he still ________ for her debts?

[A] answerable [B] chargeable [C] recoverable [D] payable

15. At the meeting, Roland argued ________ in favor of the proposal.

[A] severely [B] heavily [C] forcefully [D] warmly

Section II: Reading Comprehension

Each of the three passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and chose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

Text 1

It doesn?t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting. One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You remember better what you read when you know why you?re reading.

Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you. I?m just looking”? Both you and she know that if you aren?t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please.” And you and she are off -- both eager to look for exactly what you want.

It?s quite the same with your studying. If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that -- nothing. But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”. A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.

This is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America. I?m reading this article to find out.” Or, “I?m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.

Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time. As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree. That?s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier. I?d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” You don?t just sit there taking in ideas -- you do something else, and that something else is very important.

This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are one?s own personal reactions.

Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.

16. If you cannot remember what you read or study, ________.

[A] it is no surprise

[B] it means you have not really learned anything

[C] it means you have not chosen the right book [D] you realize it is of no importance

17. Before you start reading, it is important ________.

[A] to make sure why you are reading [B] to relate the information to your purpose [C] to remember what you read [D] to choose an interesting book 18. Reading activity involves ________.

[A] only two simultaneous processes

[B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences 19. A good reader is one who ________.

[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about the subject matter [B] does lots of thinking in his reading [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading

[D] is able to check the facts presented against what he has already known

Text 2

If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior. Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes. One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand. Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment. In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.

Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise. Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working (or sitting) in music halls where rock bands are playing. In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels (a measure of the loudness of sound) can be considered dangerous. Decibel values correspond to various sounds. Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss. Actual loss will depend upon the

particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.

Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind (e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).

Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise. If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect. The problem is noise. 20. Noise differs from sound in that ________.

[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done [B] it is a special type of loud sound [C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities [D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter

21. One of the harmful effects of noise on human performance is that ________.

[A] it reduces one?s sensitivity [B] it renders the victim helpless

[C] it deprives one of the enjoyment of music [D] it drowns out conversations at worksites 22. The purpose of this passage is ________.

[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior [B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution [C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss [D] to tell the difference between noise and sound

Text 3

The traditional belief that a woman?s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions. It is said that it is a woman?s task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children. Thus a woman?s whole period of childbearing may occur within five years. Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases. Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.

It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do

about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing. Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins. Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week. The new man-made fibers are more hardwiring than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.

Apart from women?s own happiness, the needs of the community must be considered. Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in professions and other kinds of work. There is a serious shortage of nurses and teachers, to mention only two of the occupations followed by women. It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession. The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful. Many factories and shops, too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married. While here the question of training is not so important, industry and trade would be seriously short of staff if married women did not work. 23. The author holds that ________.

[A] the right place for all women, married or otherwise, is the home, not

elsewhere [B] all married women should have some occupation outside the home [C] a married woman should give first priority to her duties as a mother [D] it is desirable for uneducated married women to stay at home and take care

of the family 24. A house-proud woman ________.

[A] would devote her whole life to her family

[B] would take her own happiness and that of her family as her chief concern [C] would still need some special training at public expense to help her in her

duties as a housewife [D] would take full advantage of modern household appliances 25. According to the author, modern society ________.

[A] can operate just as well even without women participation

[B] has been greatly hampered in its development by the shortage of women

nurses and women teachers [C] cannot operate properly without the contribution of women

[D] will be seriously affected by the continuing shortage of working women in

heavy industries and international trade

Section III: Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)

In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World. The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia. Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims. They were looking for a place where they could worship God __26__. Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its __27__. The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620. It was the middle of the stern northern winter. __28__ months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them. Only the strongest of the pilgrims __29__ that winter. Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves. Living __30__ began to improve in the spring of 1621. There were wild vegetables. There were berries and fruit. Fish and game were plentiful. Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing. The colonists? health __31__ with the warm weather and their better diet. In the fall, they look back __32__ the past year. They were both regretful and thankful. Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained. The price in human life and tragedy had been great. On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future. A splendid harvest was __33__ them. They were ready for the second winter with confidence. They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter. Seven were for families, and four were for communal use. __34__, they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.

The woods and forests became safe. When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists __35__. At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday. It was their first Thanks giving Day.

26. [A] in their own style

[B] in their own way [C] on their own [D] of their own 27. [A] course

[B] route [C] passage [D] channel 28. [A] Uncomfortable

[B] Bad [C] Unfavourable [D] Terrible 29. [A] passed

[B] sustained [C] survived [D] spent 30. [A] situations

[B] environments [C] conditions [D] circumstances 31. [A] strengthened

[B] regained [C] recovered [D] improved 32. [A] in

[B] of [C] over [D] at 33. [A] on

[B] behind [C] for [D] beyond 34. [A] Best of all

[B] For the best [C] To their best [D] All in all 35. [A] ashore

[B] around [C] about [D] aboard

Section IV: Error-detection and Correction

Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

You?ve to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there?s [B] hardly something [C] left. [D] ANSWER: [C] anything

36. The union and the management are having such a difficult [A] time agreeing [B] on a contract for [C] the forthcoming year that the workers may go on strike [D]. 37. He got up, walked across [A] the room, and with [B] a sharp quick movement

flung [C] the door widely open. [D] 38. His victory in the final [A] was no more [B] convinced [C] than I had expected. [D] 39. Because there are less [A] members present tonight than [B] there were [C] last

night, we must wait until the next voting. [D] 40. We?ve given him just [A] about everything he asked; [B] whatever else [C] can [D] he want? 41. In note-taking [A], a strict discipline has to be kept [B] and all inessential details ignored [C] unnecessary words eliminated. [D] 42. When the tank car carried [A] the poisonous gas ran off [B] the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village from [C] all traffic. [D] 43. To be [A] frank, that [B] is a great relief to have the task fulfilled [C] in so short a time. [D] 44. At [A] a minimum, the negotiators are hoping of achieving [B] an agreement in principle, [C] with details to be worked out [D] later. 45. It is encouraging [A] to note [B] that in recent years, cigarette smokers have been in the decline [C], especially among older [D] people. Section V: Verbs Forms

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put

your answer in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college. ANSWER: (should) be appointed 46. In the Middle Ages, in Rome, Venice and other Italian cities, there developed an

intellectual movement (call) humanism, which was the basis of the Renaissance. 47. If law and order (be) not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. 48. The colonel was decorated for bravery, (fight) off the enemy.

49. It?s quite obvious that Paul won?t sell his business now that he?s got it (run) so

well. 50. (Not wish) to disturb his baby sister, he tiptoed into the room. 51. I happened (talk) with him when he was hit by a ball and collapsed. 52. The applicants (interview) are required to bring all the necessary papers. 53. Victor obviously doesn?t know what?s happened, otherwise he (not make) such a

stupid remark. 54. Such (be) the case, there are no grounds to justify your complaints. 55. The car shows no signs of (repair); it looks like a new one. Section VI: Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following sentence into English. (15 points) 56. 恶劣的天气使他无法按时动身去北京。 57. 请先把事故的原因查清楚再向主任汇报。 58. 直到演出已经开始，他才匆匆赶到。

59. 经当地政府批准后，他们取消了原定的项目。 60. 他听到这意外消息，吃惊得连一句话也说不出来。 Section VII: English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)

Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient. Stylishly dressed, the firm?s newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease. The company was pleased: (61) Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance. David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique. (62) Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women. The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they haven?t attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.

Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new. For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social work and elementary education. But today no job seems off-limits. Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes. (63) These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can do -- but they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women. What kinds of men venture into these so-called “women?s fields”? All kinds. (64) “I don?t know of any definite answers I?d be comfortable with,” explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D., of the Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women.

Sam Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker. (65) “I found that work very interesting.” he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical. I wasn?t really interested in becoming a doctor.” Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.

(66) In other words, men enter “female” jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work. But similarities often end there. Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous. As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact.

The question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-nine female secretaries for every one male? There is also a more serious issue. Most men don?t want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries or sewing workers. Put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs. (67) To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule. “There was kidding in the beginning,” recalls Ormont. “Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say ?A nurse,? they laugh at me. I just smile and say,

?You know, there are female doctors, too.?”

Still, there are encouraging signs. Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses. Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male. (68) Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women -- or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows? It?s probably coming -- but not very soon.

1988年参考答案

I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points) 1. [C] 6. [B] 11. [A] 2. [D] 7. [C] 12. [A] 3. [B] 8. [B] 13. [D] 4. [A] 9. [A] 14. [A] 5. [C] 10. [C] 15. [C] II: Reading Comprehension (20 points) 16. [B] 21. [A] 17. [A] 22. [A] 18. [B] 23. [B] 19. [C] 24. [D] 20. [A] 25. [C] III: Cloze Test (10 points) 26. [B] 31. [D] 27. [A] 32. [C] 28. [D] 33. [B] 29. [C] 34. [A] 30. [C] 35. [D] IV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points) 36. [A] such a difficult 38. [C] convincing 40. [B] asked for 42. [A] carrying 44. [B] hoping to achieve V: Verb Forms (10 points) 46. called 48. having fought 50. Not wishing 52. to be interviewed 54. being 47. is 49. running 51. to be talking 53. wouldn?t have made 55. having been repaired 37. [D] wide open 39. [A] fewer 41. [B] kept to 43. [B] it 45. [C] on the decline VI: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)

56. Bad weather prevented him from starting out for Beijing on time.

57. Please make sure of the cause of the accident and then report to the director. 58. He arrived in a hurry after the performance had already started.

59. With the approval of the local government, they cancelled the original project. 60. Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn?t utter a

word. VII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)

61. 他显然，他是个对自己的仪表感到相当自豪的人。

62. 正像卡车司机和建筑工人再没必要都是男的一样，秘书和接待员再也不一定

都是女的。 63. 这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女各可以干哪几类工作的

看法，但这对于进入原先以妇女为主的那些的男人来说，无疑也带来一些问题。 64. 我还没听说过有任何使我感到满意的确切答案。

65. 他回忆说：“我觉得那种工作十分有趣，当我退役时，对我来说，去干某种

医务工作，似乎是极其自然的。” 66. 换句话说，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其动机是同任何找工作干的人一样，

既出于个人的兴趣，也出于经济上需要的考虑。 67. 选定这一类工作是会惹人笑话的。

68. 我们是否能预见到这么一天：那时当秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男

人当护士时，人们不会再感到吃惊?

1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary

In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

EXAMPLE:

I was caught ________ the rain yesterday. [A] in [B] by [C] with [D] at ANSWER: [A]

1. Modern man faces dangers completely unknown ________ his predecessors. [A] for [B] to [C] of [D] by

2. The chances of seeing a helicopter in my hometown are one ________ a million. [A] for [B] to [C] in [D] against

3. ________ we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at once. [A] Since that [B] Since now [C] By now [D] Now that

4.

We hope the measures to control prices, ________ taken by the government, will succeed. [A] when [B] as [C] since [D] after

5. The historical events of that period are arranged ________. [A] in alphabetical order [B] in an alphabetical order [C] in the alphabetical orders [D] in alphabetical orders

6. In some markets there may be only one seller. ________ is called a monopoly. [A] Situation as this [B] Such kind of situation [C] Such a situation [D] A situation of this

7. He is ________ to speak the truth.

[A] too much of a coward [B] too much a coward [C] so much a coward [D] so much of a coward 8.

He always gives ________ to his wife?s demands and does whatever she tells him to. [A] up [B] away [C] in [D] out 9.

It?s ________ in the regulations that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you. [A] laid upon [B] laid out [C] laid up [D] laid down

10. Look at all the corruption that?s going on. It?s time the city was ________.

[A] cleaned out [B] cleaned down [C] cleaned away [D] cleaned up

11. Though he did not say so directly, the inspector ________ the man was guilty.

[A] declared [B] implied [C] disclosed [D] said

12. The Prime Minister refused to ________ on the rumour that he had planned to

resign.

[A] explain [B] comment [C] remark [D] talk

13. I asked the tailor to make a small ________ to my trousers because they were too

long.

[A] change [B] variation [C] revision [D] alteration

14. Magnificent views over the countryside have often ________ people to write

poems.

[A] excited [B] inspired [C] induced [D] attracted

15. The food was divided ________ according to the age and size of the children.

[A] equally [B] proportionately [C] sufficiently [D] adequately

Section II: Reading Comprehension

Each of the three passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

Test 1

A scientist once said: “I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space.”

If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs (unidentified flying objects), questions immediately come up.

“Why don?t they get in touch with us, then? Why don?t they land right on the White House lawn and declare themselves?” people asked.

In reply, scientists say that, while this may be what we want, it may not necessarily be what they want.

“The most likely explanation, it seems to me,” said Dr. Mead, “is that they are simply watching what we are up to -- that responsible society outside our solar system is keeping an eye on us to see that we don?t set in motion a chain reaction that might have unexpected effects for outside our solar system.”

Opinions from other scientists might go like this: “Why should they want to get in touch with us? We may feel we?re more important than we really are! They may want to observe us only and not interfere with the development of our civilization.

They may not care if we see them but they also may not care to say ?hello?.”

Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve. Just as we set aside wilderness areas and wildlife reserves to allow animals and growing things to develop naturally while we observe them, so perhaps Earth was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.

Are we being observed by intelligent beings from other civilizations in the universe? Are they watching our progress in space travel? Do we live in a gigantic “zoo” observed by our “keepers,” but having no communication with them?

Never before in our history have we had to confront ideas like these. The simple fact is that we, who have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may not be so. Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in the heavens, there may very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants.

16. People who ask the question “Why don?t they get in touch with us... and declare

themselves?” think that ________.

[A] there are no such things as UFOs [B] UFOs are visitors from solar system [C] there?s no reason for UFOs sooner or later [D] we are bound to see UFOs sooner or later

17. According to Dr. Mead, the attitude of beings from outer space toward us is one

of ________.

[A] unfriendliness [B] suspicion [C] superiority [D] hostility

18. The tone of the writer is that of ________.

[A] doubt [B] warning [C] indifference [D] criticism

Test 2

The use of the motor is becoming more and more widespread in the twentieth century; as an increasing number of countries develop both technically and economically, so a larger proportion of the world?s population is able to buy and use a car. Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. He can choose from different jobs

and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted to a choice within a small radius. Travelling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport; the driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in the summer to suit his own needs and preference. There is no irritation caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes. With the building of good, fast motorways long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighbourhood. This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car. When considering the drawbacks, perhaps pollution is of prime importance. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the emission from their exhaust-pipes contains an ever larger volume of poisonous gas. Some of the contents of this gas, such as lead, not only pollute the atmosphere but cause actual harm to the health of people. Many of the minor illnesses of modern industrial society, headaches, tiredness, and stomach upsets are thought to arise from breathing polluted air; doctors? surgeries are full of people suffering from illnesses caused by pollution. It is also becoming increasingly difficult to deal with the problem of traffic in towns; most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic congestion. In fact any advantage gained in comfort is often cancelled out in city driving by the frustration caused by traffic jams: endless queues of cars crawling one after another through all the main streets. As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised, the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which cause even greater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent. The mounting cost of petrol and the increased license fees and road tax all add to the driver?s worries. In fact, he must sometimes wonder if the motor car is such a blessing and not just a menace.

19. More and more people can afford to buy and use cars because ________.

[A] an increasing number of cars are being produced

[B] the cost of cars is getting cheaper with the development of technology [C] lots of countries have become more developed [D] the use of cars has proved to be more economical

20. The advantages of having a car are best experienced in the driver?s ________.

[A] freedom in choosing his job [B] comfort during the travels [C] enjoyment of his leisure time [D] feeling of self-reliance

21. What is considered by the writer as the greatest menace to the people caused by

the widespread use of motor cars? [A] air pollution [B] traffic jams [C] fatal diseases [D] high cost

Test 3

Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought. In fact, it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a Continental man or one from the older generation.

This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first served,” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple stands? Yet this is all too often seen.

Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is surely no excuse. Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behaviour of these stout young men in a packed refugee train or a train on its way to a prison-camp during the War. Would they have considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?

Older people, tired and irritable from a day?s work, are not angels, either -- far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.

If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won?t bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductor pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration. 22. From what you have read, would you expect manners to improve among people

________?

[A] who are physically weak or crippled

[B] who once lived in a prison-camp during the War [C] who live in big modern cities [D] who live only in metropolitan cities

23. What is the writer?s opinion concerning courteous manners towards women?

[A] Now that women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated

differently from men. [B] It is generally considered old-fashioned for young men to give up their seats

to young women. [C] “Lady First” should be universally practiced. [D] Special consideration ought to be shown them.

24. According to the author communication between human beings would be

smoother if ________.

[A] people were more considerate towards each other [B] people were not so tired and irritable [C] women were treated with more courtesy [D] public transport could be improved

25. What is the possible meaning of the word “deterioration” in the last paragraph?

[A] worsening of general situation [B] lowering of moral standards [C] declining of physical constitution [D] spreading of evil conduct Section III: Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)

One day drought may be a thing of the past at least in coastal cities. Vast areas of desert throughout the world may for the first time __26__ and provide millions of hectares of land where now nothing grows.

By the end of this century this may not be mere __27__. Scientists are already looking into the possibility of using some of the available ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. In these regions there are vast ice-caps formed by snow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years. Layer __28__ layer of deep snow means that, when melted, the snow water would be pure, not salty as sea-ice would be. There is so much __29__

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