2010年新东方六级425通关班----写作与翻译(补充材料)

新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

六级写作补充模拟题与范文

1．Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Keeping Pets.You should write at least 150 words, and you should base your

composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 有些人赞成养宠物。

2. 另一些人反对养宠物。

3. 我的看法

Keeping Pets

There is no denying the fact that keeping pets has been a hotly debated topic in China. People’s opinions differ sharply on this issue. Some hold the positive view. They say that pets like cats, dogs and birds can reduce, to some extent, loneliness for both adults and children, especially for the old, the single, housewives and the disabled. Without pets, these people’s life would become dull and cheerless.

Others, however, hold the opposite view. They maintain that keeping pets should be banned. They point out that pets are responsible for noises, which disturb people’s rest, and for injuries suffered both by the people who keep them and by innocent neighbors. They also argue that keeping pets is a waste of money and resources.

Personally, I believe that we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, we should allow people to keep pets; on the other hand, we should take measures to solve the problems caused by pets. This can be done by banning pets from public places.In addition,large and dangerous pets should be restricted to special areas.

或Weighing the arguments of both sides, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Anyway, we can lessen our loneliness and express our love toward animals in other ways. And it is my belief that only by placing man and other species on an equal basis can we expect to have a lively and colorful world.

2．Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way. You should write at least 150 words, and you

should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 为什么“有志者，事竟成”？。

2. 举例说明。

Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way

A well-known proverb goes that “where there is a will, there is a way”, which means that one can find a way to success as long as he or she has a strong will. With a strong will, one can focus all his energy on one point, which makes his success possible. Without a strong will, however, one can be easily distracted from his goal or discouraged by setbacks, which leads to his ultimate failure.

History abounds with examples of strong-willed figures winning success. Actually, there is no better illustration of the proverb than the deeds of Gou Jian, king of Y ue in ancient China. Defeated by Fu Chai, king of Wu, Gou tried every means possible to steel his will. Eventually,

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

with the help of Fan Li and Xi Shi, he managed to rebuild his country and his armies and had Fu Chai taste the bitterness of failure.

In short, a strong will is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our lives. One should lose no chance to strength his will and remember, God helps those who help themselves.

3. Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled More

Students Pursue Master Degrees. You should write at least 150 words based on the

chart and the outline given below:

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

199520012007

Number of students in College X attending graduate entrance exams

More Students Pursue Master Degrees

It can be seen from the chart that there have been sharp increases in the number of students attending graduate entrance exams in a college in the past decades. As the chart shows, the year 1995 witnessed only 200 students taking part in the exams. In 2001, the number nearly doubled. In 2007, far more students prepared themselves for graduate studies.

A number of factors could account for the change in the chart, but the following are the most critical ones. First, thanks to the policy of reform and opening-up, the nation’s economy has been developing at a considerably high speed in the past decades. Therefore, the people have more extra money for education. Secondly, other relevant state polic ies and the boom of higher education provide students with more opportunities to pursue higher degrees. Last but not least, the increasingly fierce competition forces college students to further their study in order to gain more edge of competition.

In a word, this chart is a perfect indicator of China’s fast expanding higher education. Although many problems have arisen in the process, we have every reason to believe that they can be solved in the near future with effective measures taken.

4. Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic

Studying Abroad: Hardships and Rewards. You should write at least 150 words, and

you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 出国留学有很多好处。

2. 出国留学也有很多困难。

3. 我的选择。

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

Studying Abroad: Hardships and Rewards

The recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of Chinese studying abroad. Obviously, studying abroad has its rewards. In the first place, a student can have access to advanced science and technology as well as desirable working conditions which might not be available at home. In the second place, he can be exposed to entirely new ideas and trends. Last but not least, by living and studying in a foreign country, one can improve his foreign language much faster than at home.

However, just as every coin has two sides, studying abroad may also confront one with a series of hardships. For one thing, learning a foreign language is far from an easy thing at the beginning for most people. For another, a completely new environment with different customs and habits may also be a barrier to overseas students, especially to the young. An added difficulty lies with finance: it can cost a lot to study abroad.

From my point of view, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages. But it is a big decision to go abroad to study and one should take into consideration his financial conditions and his ability to adapt to new surrounding. Personally, I choose to go abroad and study if I find it necessary.

5．（投诉信）

Directions: Write a letter of complaint according to the following situation: You bought an air conditioner in Sun Appliance and had it installed the other day, but you found that the

fan made too much noise when the machine operated. You demand the store to send a

representative to check it up.

Write your letter in no less than 150 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.

June 23, 2009

Dear Sir or Madam,

I’m writing to lodge the complaint about the poor quality of an air conditioner that I purchased from Sun Appliance Company.

Frankly speaking, Sun Appliance has always been my favorite. On April 4, 2009, I bought the air conditioner (serial number 12345) from one of your chain store located in Lang Fang. The machine operated well at first, but ten days later, there was a fault that bothered me, that is, the fan made so much noise that I could not sleep well at night. Worse still, the cooling system didn’t work well and the machine began to leak recently. Its poor quality ruined almost all my previous impression toward your products.

I strongly suggest that a repairman should be sent to my home without delay. I wonder if you could find out the exact cause of the problem as soon as possible. If you can’t, I am afraid that I will request for full amount of refund or a new air conditioner.

I would appreciate all your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply.

Y ours Sincerely,

Li Ming

6．（邀请信）

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

Directions: Suppose you are the dean of the History Department, Peking University. You want to invite Professor Herb Jason, a well-known scholar of Chinese history, to come to

attend an international conference on Chinese history. You’ll cover the following

points:

1)The purpose of the invitation

2)The time and place of the conference

3)Ask him a favor of presenting a lecture to your students during his stay

Write your letter in no less than 150 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.

June 23, 2009

Dear Professor Herb Jason,

I am Li Ming, dean of the History Department, Peking University. I am writing to invite you to participate in an international convention that is to be held in Beijing from 22th to 25th, July, 2009.

Since your visit in Beijing last year, all the teachers that attended your lecture have been deeply impressed with your thorough knowledge and profound understanding of the subject. We would be pleased if you could come, as our guest of honor, to the International Conference on Chinese History, If possible, would you please deliver a speech on whatever subject that interests you. Enclosed in this letter is a time schedule for the event. Y ou would, of course, receive our standard payment to cover traveling and other expenses. When you arrive in Beijing, I will certainly meet you at the airport.

Please let me know your date of arrival if you can come and tell us when you can make the trip. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply.

Y ours sincerely,

Li Ming

7．（感谢信）

Directions: Write a letter of thanks according to the following situation. Once you were ill and were hospitalized for a few weeks in the Chaoyang Medical Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi

Province. During your stay the entire staff were kind to you. When you came back

home, you wrote them a letter of thanks.

Write your letter in no less than 150 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.

June 23, 2009 Dear Sir/Madam,

I’m writing to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the nurses and doctors in your hospital.

Last month, while I was on a business trip in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, I suffered from a bad cold and a fever, so I was sent to Ward Rom 201, Chaoyang Medical Center. During my stay at hospital, nurses on duty patiently took my temperature, regularly examined my body, and often fed meals to me. In addition, doctors prescribed me the most effective drugs and gave the best medical advice. Thanks to the constant care from the hospital staff, I recovered quickly. Now that I

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

have returned home, the excellent service of your hospital still impresses me. I believe that as patient, I have received the most professional treatment and the most considerate care.

Please allow me to convey my sincere greetings toward the doctors and nurses that contribute all their efforts, patience and energy to their patients. Nothing can express my gratitude except my best wishes to them. If you have anything that needs my help, please don’t hesitate to contact me.

Y ours sincerely,

Li Ming

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

六级汉译英补充讲义

一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序

（一）汉译英应试原则

手法灵活（如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达）

语法正确（避免时态、单复数、冠词等语法错误）

内容忠实（必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删）

语言闪光（译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样）

（二）汉译英基本程序

1．理解通读并透彻理解原文含义

2．翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词

3．审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发

现错误，及时改正。

二、汉译英专项练习

一、倍数增减的表示法

1)Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).

2)This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).

3)The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).

4)The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).

5)They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).

二、时态

1)Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).

2)When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了).

3)When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度

假).

4)I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).

5)Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).

6)He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).

三、被动语态

1)The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).

2)The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).

3)Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).

4)When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预

料).

5)_______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

四、情态动词

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

1)The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).

2)I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).

3)Y ou screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).

4)It’s a pity. _______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).

5)_______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the

guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

五、虚拟语气

1)I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).

2)If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed

himself.

3)——Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?

——I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).

4)It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).

5)Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).

6)We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).

7)It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).

8)His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).

9)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).

10)It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).

11)It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).

12)_______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a

comfortable journey.

13)I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了).

14)It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就会湿的).

15)_______________(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.

16)If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他现在就不在人间了).

17)But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).

18)I used my calculator; _______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).

19)Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).

20)Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).

21)Should there be another world war, _______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).

22)He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿).

六、不定式

1)It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).

2)It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).

3)It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).

4)The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).

5)Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).

6)The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).

7)We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).

8)He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).

9)We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

于实践).

10)The bad weather _______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).

11)The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).

12)Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空间的美国妇女).

13)They lifted a rock _______________(结果砸了自己的脚).

14)He was surprised _______________(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).

15)I am sorry _______________(占用了您这么多时间).

16)I happened _______________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).

17)She doesn’t like _______________(被当作客人).

18)If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校园书店买旧书).

19)We did nothing _______________(除了整天打桥牌).

20)We were made _______________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).

七、分词

1)This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).

2)The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.

3)The war went on for years, _______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).

4)The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(将平均产量提高了15%).

5)Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推导出它的运转原理).

6)_______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.

7)_______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education.

8)_______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and

ordinary man.

9)_______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.

八、动名词

1)_______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.

2)They tried to avoid _______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).

3)Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).

4)It is no use _______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).

5)He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷).

6)We congratulated her on _______________(被提升为经理).

九、非谓语动词用法区别

1)Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).

2)John meant _______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).

3)I heard him _______________(在跟他的母亲谈话).

4)I heard him _______________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).

5)He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).

6)He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔断了双腿).

7)He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).

8)_______________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief.

9)_______________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.

10)The pop, _______________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans.

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

十、名词从句

1)_______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret.

2)_______________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.

3)_______________(这么做是故意的) became obvious.

4)It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责).

5)It is none of your business _______________(玛丽与谁订婚).

6)Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).

7)This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的).

8)It is not yet known _______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).

9)_______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me.

10)My main problem right now is _______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).

11)It all depends on _______________(他们是否会支持我们).

12)Y ou have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).

13)Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).

14)Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席会同意他的提议).

十一、定语从句

1)Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).

2)The old lady died _______________(在她儿子到达的那天).

3)This is _______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).

4)Let ABC be _______________(一个三边不等长的三角形).

5)Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).

6)He introduced me to his students, _______________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).

7)_______________(众所周知), water is a liquid.

十二、状语从句

1)_______________(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion.

2)_______________(不管哪一方获胜), I shall be satisfied.

3)_______________(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a

quick, sharp reply.

4)We climbed high _______________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).

5)The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我们两个周才解决).

6)Y ou can go out _______________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).

7)I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天发生的).

十三、比较级最高级

1)Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?

2)The buildings look _______________(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).

3)This is _______________(他画的最好的画之一).

4)The higher you climb, _______________(空气就越稀薄).

十四、倒装句

1)Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

2)No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).

3)The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的

话).

4)Only then _______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).

5)Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我们才能做成这笔买卖).

十五、强调句

1)_______________(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.

2)_______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive.

3)_______________(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river.

4)_______________(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead

of night.

5)_______________(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.

十六、固定搭配

1)We have to account to our employer _______________ （我们出差过程中所花的每一笔

钱）.

2)Y ou can apply this principle _______________ （你将从事的任何一项事业）.

3)He is now accustomed _______________ （被称为“大城市里来的文明人”）.

4)He had been addicted _______________（打网络游戏长达三年）before he committed the

crime and was put into prison.

5)I have been fed up _______________（这儿令人厌烦的日常例行事务和沉闷的工作气氛）.

三、汉译英专项练习答案及解析

一、倍数增减的表示法

1)is 2.5 times greater than Force N2

（考点：倍数+ 形容词/副词比较级+ than）

2)reacts three times as fast as the other one

（考点：倍数+ as + 形容词/副词+ as）

3)is 49 times the size of the moon

（考点：倍数+ 名词）

4)wants to raise the rent by a third

（考点：动词+ by + 数词/百分比/倍数）

5)plan to double their investment

（考点：double + 名词）

二、时态

1)or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church

（考点：将来完成时）

2)the children had fallen asleep

（考点：过去完成时）

3)my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

（考点：将来进行时）

4)have been revising my resume all the morning

（考点：现在完成进行时）

5)No. It has been five years since I went on holiday

（考点：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）

6)He has been in the army for 5 years

（考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）

三、被动语态

1)is being replaced by the computer and the projector

（考点：被动语态的现在进行时）

2)will have been published by the end of this year

（考点：被动语态的将来完成时）

3)can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work

（考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态）

4)I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated

（考点：同“3”的考点2）

5)Effective measures must be taken immediately

（考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态）

四、情态动词

1)but there is no answer. She can’t be at home

（考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”）

2)I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday

（考点：“情态动词can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断）

3)Y ou must have dreamed of something terrible

（考点：同上）

4)Y ou should have invited her to your graduation ceremony

（考点：“情态动词should/ought to + have done”用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思）

5)I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party

（考点：“情态动词needn’t + have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”）

五、虚拟语气

1)I had had your opportunities when I was young

（考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望）2)he had known this disease is curable

（考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法与I wish…基本相同）

3)painted it blue, and without any decorations

（考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实）

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新东方在线 [dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列 写作补充材料

12 4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams

（考点：It ’s (about/high) time 后的that 从句中用过去式，表示“该是……的时候了”）

5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly

（考点：as if / as though 引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）

6) Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now

（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词．．所接的宾语从句．．．．

通常用“(that) sb. (should) do ”的虚拟形式）

7) more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area

（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词．．所接的主语从句．．．．

通常用“(that) sb. (should) do ”的虚拟形式）

8) they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem

（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词．．所接的表语从句．．．．

通常用“(that) sb. (should) do ”的虚拟形式）

9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled

（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词．．所接的同位语从句．．．．．

通常用“(that) sb. (should) do ”的虚拟形式）

[表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray 等]

10) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining

（考点：在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中常用“sb. should do ”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary , obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing 等）

11) everyone (should) be prepared for emergency

（考点：同上）

12) If he had booked tickets in the way I told him

（考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反）

13) if I had not been interrupted

（考点：同上）

14) If it had rained, the ground would be wet

（考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式）

15) If I had been living in New Y ork

（考点：同上）

16) he would be dead now

（考点：同上）

17) we could not have rent a house at such a low price

（考点：but for 经常作为非真实条件句中if 的代用语）

新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

18)otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question

（考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）

19)I would seize the opportunity without hesitation

（考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件）

20)this act would have been passed much earlier

（考点：同上）

21)the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy

（考点：同上）

22)lest he should awaken the baby

（考点：lest (以免)引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟）

六、不定式

1)to complete a 24-story building in 10 months

（考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面）

2)for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test

（考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等）

3)of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area

（考点：有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等）

4)not to punish those students who had been late for class

（考点：1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）

（能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish）

5)whether to visit their son in France

（考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等）

6)warned me just now not to water flowers at noon

（考点：不定式作宾语补语）

7)invited him to give us a lecture on modern art

（考点：同上）

（能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

等。注：划线的动词后面的不定式不带to）

8)to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university

（考点：动词+ it + 形容词/名词+ 不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语）

9)to apply what we have learned in class to practice

（考点：不定式作定语）

（不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等）

10)ruined our plan to show the film in the open air

（考点：同上）

11)the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs

（考点：同上）

12)American woman to explore the outer space

（考点：由only, last, next，序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语）

13)only to drop it on their own feet

（考点：不定式作结果状语）

14)to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village

（考点：不定式作原因状语）

15)to have taken up so much of your time

（考点：1. 不定式作原因状语；2. 不定式的完成时）

16)to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in

（考点：不定式的进行式）

17)to be treated as a guest

（考点：不定式的被动形式）

18)go to the campus bookstore to buy used books

（考点：不带to的不定式）

19)but play bridge the whole day

（考点：同上）

20)to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room

（考点：当动词see, make, hear等用于被动语态时，不定式要保留to）

七、分词

1)“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian

（考点：分词作宾语补语）

（catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语）

2)parked in the fire lane

（考点：分词作定语）

3)killing thousands upon thousands of people

（考点：分词作结果状语）

4)raising the average yield by 15 percent

（考点：同上）

5)trying to deduce its operating principle

（考点：分词作伴随状语）

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

6)Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book

（考点：分词作原因状语）

7)Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds

（考点：同上）

8)Seen from the eyes of a young friend

（考点：分词作方式状语）

9)Not having heard from his parents for a long time

（考点：1. 分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式）

八、动名词

1)Taking a cold bath every day

（考点：动名词作主语）

2)making their daughter do what she did n’t like to do

（考点：动名词作动词的宾语）

（下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式：admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, can’t help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, can’t stand, stop, suggest）

3)getting our goods into the international market

（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）

4)crying over spilled milk

（考点：动名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用：be worth, have difficulty (in),

it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, what’s the point of, what’s the use of）

5)having peeked at his neighbor’s test paper

（考点：动名词的完成式）

6)being promoted to manager

（考点：动名词的被动式）

九、非谓语动词用法区别

1)working very hard.

（考点：mean表示“意味着”）

2)to drive there, but his car broke down

（考点：mean表示“打算”）

（类似需要区别的动词还有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等）

3)talking to his mother

（考点：强调正在进行）

4)talk to his mother for an hour

（考点：强调整个过程）

5)only to break his own leg

（考点：意料之外的结果）

6)breaking his legs

（考点：意料之中的结果）

7)to see his parents in good health

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

（考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末）

8)Seeing his parents safe and sound

（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首）

9)Following its footprints

（考点：现在分词强调主动）

10)followed by two body guards

（考点：过去分词强调被动）

十、名词从句

1)Why they left their hometown for Y unnan

（考点：主语从句）

2)What confused me most

（考点：同上）

3)That this was done on purpose

（考点：同上）

4)who should be responsible for this matter

（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用it作形式主语）

5)whom Mary is engaged to

（考点：同上）

6)what can be done today

（考点：宾语从句）

7)what I have been looking for

（考点：表语从句）

8)whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision

（考点：whether/if引导后置的主语从句）

9)Whether she likes the present

（考点：whether引导前置的主语从句）

10)whether I should ask for another loan

（考点：whether引导表语从句）

11)whether they will support us

（考点：whether引导宾语从句）

12)whether I can count on your vote

（考点：whether引导同位语从句）

（9-12中的whether不可以替换为if）

13)that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages

（考点：同位语从句）

14)that the chairman would agree to this proposal

（考点：同上）

十一、定语从句

1)the house where Lu Xun was born

（考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导）

2)on the day when his son arrived

（考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导）

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

3)the reason why I am in favor of this reform

（考点：先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导）

4) a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length

（考点：whose引导的定语从句）

5)which made our journey more difficult

（考点：非限制性定语从句）

6)most of whom were English majors

（考点：同上）

7)As is known to all

（考点：as 引导的定语从句）

十二、状语从句

1)Whatever we talk about

（考点：让步状语从句）

2)Whichever side wins

（考点：同上）

3)However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him

（考点：同上）

4)so that we might get a better view

（考点：目的状语从句）

5)that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it

（考点：结果状语从句）

6)as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night

（考点：条件状语从句）

7)as if it happened yesterday

（考点：方式状语从句）

十三、比较级最高级

1)as gracefully as her sister

（考点：同级比较）

2)far uglier in London than here

（考点：用副词或词组来修饰比较级）

3)one of the best pictures that he has ever painted

（考点：最高级）

4)the thinner the air becomes

（考点：“越……越……”结构）

十四、倒装句

1)when a knock at the door awakened her

（考点：Hardly…when…结构）

2)than she fell ill

（考点：No sooner…than…结构）

3)Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.

17

新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料（考点：nor表示“后者与前者一样地不……”）

4)did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery

（考点：only引导的状语位于句首，句子倒装）

5)can we conclude the business

（考点：同上）

十五、强调句

1)It was Jefferson who wrote

（考点：强调主语）

2)It is with genuine feeling that the author（考点：强调状语）

3)It was because the water had risen that（考点：强调状语从句）

4)It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard（考点：强调主语）

5)It was not until I told her that（考点：强调状语从句）

十六、固定搭配

1)for each sum of money we spend during our business trips. （考点：account to sb. for sth. 向

某人解释某物）

2)to any cause that you are going to be engaged in （考点：apply…to…将……应用于……）

3)to being called “the civilized person from the big city”（考点：be accustomed to…习惯

于……）

4)to playing games on the Internet for as long as three years （考点：be addicted to…沉溺

于……）

5)with the boring daily routine and dull working atmosphere here. （考点：be fed up with…受

够了……）

（重要的搭配还有很多，如be capable of, come up with, cope with, dispense with, dispose of, feel like, for the sake of, give rise to, go back on, in accordance with, in favor of, in view of, instead of, look forward to, make a fuss over, no matter, no wonder, put up with, see to it that, take advantage of, used to等等）

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

补充语法讲解

第一讲词类和句子成分

一、词类

能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根椐词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类(parts of speech)。

英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分述如下：

(一) 名词

名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如：

foreigner 外国人soap 肥皂Newton 牛顿

law 法律freedom 自由peace 和平

英语名词可分为两大类：

1．普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：teacher 教师market 市场rice 大米

magazine 杂志sound 声音production 生产2．专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称。

专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。例如：

Hemingway 海明威Russia 俄罗斯

New Y ork 纽约United Nations 联合国

名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式构成方法是在单数形式后面加-s或-es。例如：shop→shops 商店bus—buses 公共汽车

library→libraries 图书馆toy—toys 玩具

leaf→leaves 树叶

英语里面有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如：

chairman→chairmen 主席foot→feet 英尺

datum—data 数据

有关英语名词复数形式构成的规则，请参阅中学英语课本或有关英语语法书。

(二) 冠词

冠词(article) 放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article) 和定冠词(definite article) 两种。

不定冠词为a(an)，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。A用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an 用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如：

a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会

a double room 一个双人房间 a useful book 一本有用的书

an exhibition 一次展览an Indian poet 一位印度诗人

an honest man 一个诚实的人

定冠词只有一个，即the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。例如：

the TV programs 那些电视节目the house 那座房子

the Olympic Games 奥运会

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新东方在线[dc9a4e6c1eb91a37f1115cdd ] CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列写作补充材料

(三) 代词

代词(pronoun) 是用来指代的词。代词包括人称代词，如：I，you，they，it等；物主代词，如：my，his，their，our，mine，hers等；反身代词，如：myself，yourself，itself，ourselves，oneself等；相互代词，如：each other，one another等；指示代词，如：this，that，these，those，such，same等；疑问代词，如：who，whom，whose，which，what等；关系代词，如：who，whom，whose，which，that等；不定代词，如：some，any，no，all，one，every，much，many，little，a little，few，a few，either，both，something，somebody等。

(四) 数词

数词(numeral) 是表示“数量”和“顺序”的词。前者称为基数词，例如：one(一)，twenty(二十)，thirty-five(三十五)，one hundred and ninety-five (一百九十五) 等；后者称为序数词，例如：first (第一)，twentieth (第二十)，fifty-first(第五十一)等。

(五) 形容词

形容词(adjective) 是用来修饰名词，表示名词属性的词。例如：yellow (黄色的)，wonderful (惊人的)，strong (强大的)。形容词一般放在它所修饰的名词之前，例如：busy street (繁华的街道)，public relations (公共关系)，young man (年轻人)等。

形容词的比较等级分为原级，即未变化的原形容词，例如：great，big，difficult等；比较级，即形容词+后缀-er 或more +形容词，例如：greater，bigger，more difficult等；最高级，即形容词+后缀-est或most+形容词，例如：greatest，biggest，most difficult等。

(六) 副词

副词(adverb)是修饰动词、形容词和其他副词的词。它通常用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等。例如：usually(通常)，there(那里)，really(真实地)。

副词可分为普通副词，例如：together(一起)，well(好)，carefully(小心地)；疑问副词，例如：when(何时)，where(何地)，how(如何)，why(为什么)；连接副词，例如：therefore(因此)，then(然后)，however(然而)，otherwise(否则)；关系副词，例如：where，when等。

副词的比较等级的构成方式与形容词相同。

(七) 动词

动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词，例如：sign(签字)，support (支持)，have(有)，exit(存在)等。

动词根据其意义和作用可分为实义动词、系动词、情态动词和助动词。

实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语，例如：explain(解释)，stay(停留)，have(具有)等。系动词作谓语时，后面接表语。常见英语系动词有：be(是)，seem(似乎)，look(看起来)，become(变成)，appear(显得)，get(变得)，feel(感到)，turn(变成)，remain(仍然是)等。

情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情感。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。英语情态动词主要有can(能够)，may(可以、也许)，must(必须)及其过去形式could，might等。

助动词常和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，以及用于否定和疑问等结构中。英语助动词主要有shall，will，have，be，should，would，do等。

实义动词还可根据是否需要宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词(transitive verb)后面跟宾语，意义才完整。例如：

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Y ou must consider the matter carefully.

你一定要仔细考虑这件事。(the matter是及物动词consider的宾语)

Have you received the letter?

你收到那封信了吗？(the letter是及物动词received的宾语)

不及物动词(intransitive verb)本身意义完整，后面不需跟宾语。例如：

The old man walked very slowly。

老人走得很慢。(walked是不及物动词)

He didn’t sleep well last night.

他昨夜睡得不好。(sleep是不及物动词)

动词有四种基本形式，即动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。例如：

原形过去式过去分词现在分词

live lived lived living

build built built building

have had had having

动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则和不规则两种。规则动词(regular verb)的过去式和过去分词，由动词原形后面加词尾-ed或-d构成。不规则动词(irregular verb)的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的，如eat，ate，eaten。这些动词为数虽不多，但都是比较常用的，必须熟记。

现在分词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。关于动词原形加-ed和-ing的方法和读音以及不规则动词的变化，请参阅中学英语课本、词典或英语语法书。

(八) 介词

介词(preposition) 又叫前置词，放在名词、代词或相当于名词的词前面，表示它后面的词与其它句子成分的关系。

介词在句中一般不重读，也不能单独做句子成分。

介词根据其构成，可分为简单介词，如-in，at，for，since等；复合介词，如：into(进入)，as for(至于)，out of(出自)；二重介词，如：until after(直至…之后)，from among(从…当中)；短语介词，如：according to(根据)，because of(因为)，in front of(在…之前)，in the event of(如果)；分词介词，例如：regarding(关于)，considering(考虑到)，including(包括)。

介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语(prepositional phrase)。

(九) 连词

连词(conjunction)是连接词、短语、从句或句子的词。连词是虚词，在句中一般不重读，也不能在句中单独作句子成分。

根据连词本身的含义及其所连接的成分的性质，可分为并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词是连接并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子的连词，例如：and(和)，or(或者、否则)，but(但是)，for(因为)，not only…but also(不仅…而且)，neither…nor(即不…也不)。从属连词是连接主从复合句的主句和从句的连词，例如：that，if(如果、是否)，whether(是否)，when(当…时候)，although(虽然)，because(因为)，so that(结果)。

从连词本身的结构形式看，又可分为：简单连词，如but(但是)，because(因为)，if(如果)；关连连词，如not only…but also(不仅…而且)，as…as(同…一样)；分词连词，如supposing(假如)，

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