【小站教育】GRE阅读逻辑135题

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GRE阅读逻辑135题

分章分类：现象解释型、结论解释性、新旧观点型、问题解决方案型

读题顺序：短文章，先看文章再题目；长文章，先读题目再读文章

混偏反无，慎重对待最高级和比较级及唯一性的主要内容

长选项竖读法，比较五个选项差异性及相同语言

文章定位，总结原则。作者什么工作，关键词，正负评价。主题词。

首次出现位置，题型，定位，同意变换

快速阅读法，分析复杂句子

修饰曾分，在一般第一个修饰成分结束

合理化推测原则，（快速阅读原则）单词部认识，找其他的认识，在附近

只要没有强转折或者强对比，一般意思大致相同

主题题：写法&内容：内容进行同意变换（有明确主题句）

没有明确主题句，三出现原则，必须细节内容，不出现新内容，重要关键词出现

态度题：态度保持一致

套路，四种套路，短文章套路（新老观点对比）

两个原则：从前不从后，延伸性内容，以前面为主题，以后面为延伸性内容

从大不从小，文章开头或主题句为大评价，其他事小评价（让步除外）

去除两种方法：印象及自己背景知识

延伸，对于现象解释型文章，关注首句和第二段首句

机考，填写誓言，个人信息，拍照，进入考场，教你使用计算机，开始考试

三篇阅读，30行，2题

75行，4题，

30行，2题

阅读对四个板块提高找准定位，灵活取舍，了解结构态度，

每个section前面1~10必须作对，作比较难得题目：考试感觉不代表真实成绩

多做模拟考试，多找感觉。这些题目乱穿差出题。

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ac5a20d4b307e87100f69608 《费费逻辑宝典》详解版

Ver. 2004-06-29

主编：fyhllj （风云化龙）

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tyghbn, Mozatfan, NeTman, iidiot, mozatfan, nnt992, pumpkin

题目版权属原作者所有，题目思路、解释版权由ChaseDream网站与作者共同所有；

电子版由ac5a20d4b307e87100f69608网站校正、维护；

寻找最新版本或反馈使用信息，请访问：ac5a20d4b307e87100f69608

●《费费逻辑宝典详解版》是继《费费数学宝典详解版》后，又一积聚ChaseDream网友

智慧的心血之作。ChaseDream论坛GMAT逻辑专区版主fyhllj（风云化龙）担任主编，

37位ChaseDream会员协力完成。

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题。

●本套练习题共135题，根据牛人建议：为锻炼Pace，每18题划分为一组，限时30分

钟完成。

●反馈请发到：ChaseDream论坛【GMAT逻辑专区】ac5a20d4b307e87100f69608/

或发送email：master@ac5a20d4b307e87100f69608

●版本的更新与维护由ChaseDream网站负责。

致谢：mindfree, Anchoret, fyhllj三位超级巨牛编写了9道题的分析模板，供编委参照；pumpkin 校正补全；

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Test 1

1. Although 90 percent of the population believes itself to be well informed about health care,

only 20 percent knows enough about DNA. So apparently at least 80 percent of the population

does not know enough about medical concepts to make well-informed personal medical choices

or to make good public policy decisions about health care.

The argument’s reasoning is questionable because the argument fails to demonstrate that

A.those people who can understand news stories about DNA are able to make well-informed

personal medical choices

B.more than 20 percent of the population needs to be well informed about health care for

good public policy decisions about health care to be made

C.one’s being able to make well-informed personal medical choices ensures that one makes

good public policy decisions about health care

D.an understanding of DNA is essential to making well-informed personal medical choices or to

making good public policy decisions about health care

E.since 90 percent of the population believes itself to be well informed about health care, at

least 70 percent of the population is mistaken in that belief.

答案：D

思路：本题的推论错误在于以偏概全，用对DNA的了解程度来考核well informed about health care的程度。

据个例子，我们可否用掌握核物理知识的程度来考核对物理基本知识的掌握程度呢？显然不行！

A: 支持作者的观点

B: 无关

C: 无关

D: 本题的推论错误在于以偏概全，用对DNA的了解程度来考核well informed about health care的程度。据

个例子，我们可否用掌握核物理知识的程度来考核对物理基本知识的掌握程度呢？显然不行！

E: 无关

2. During the 1980’s, Japanese collectors were very active in the market for European art, especially as purchasers of nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings. This striking pattern

surely reflects a specific preference on the part of many Japanese collectors for certain aesthetic attributes they found in nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings.

Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the explanation above?

A.Impressionist paintings first became popular among art collectors in Europe at the beginning

of the twentieth century.

B.During the 1980’s, the Japanese economy underwent a sustained expansion that was

unprecedented in the country’s recent history.

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C.Several nineteenth-century Impressionist painters adopted certain techniques and visual

effects found in Japanese prints that are highly esteemed in Japan.

D.During the 1960s and the 1970s, the prices of nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings

often exceeded the prices of paintings by older European masters.

E.During the 1980’s, collectors from Japan and around the world purchased many paintings

and prints by well-known twentieth-century Japanese artists.

答案：C

思路：

A.无关

B.无关

C.作者先提出一个事实，然后指这个事实说明了日本收藏家对19世纪印象派画家的一些审美特性有着

特别的偏爱。C直接举证说明原因：这是因为19世纪印象派画家使用了一些在日本备受推崇的技术和

视觉效果。（Several nineteenth-century Impressionist painters adopted certain techniques and visual effects

found in Japanese prints that are highly esteemed in Japan.）

D.无关项, many Japanese collectors for certain aesthetic attributes 和D中的price没有任何关系

E.无关

3. Because of the recent recession in Country A most magazines published there have experienced decreases in advertising revenue, so much so that the survival of the most widely read magazines

is in grave doubt. At the same time, however, more people in Country A are reading more

magazines than ever before, and the number of financially successful magazines in Country A is

greater than ever.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the

information above?

A.Most magazines reduce the amount they charge for advertisement’s during a recession.

B.The audience for a successful television show far exceeds the readership of even the most

widely read magazine.

C.Advertising is the main source of revenue only for the most widely read magazines; other

magazines rely on circulation for their revenue.

D.Because of the recession, people in Country A have cut back on magazine subscriptions and

are reading borrowed magazines.

E.More of the new general interest magazines that were launched this year in Country A have

survived than survived in previous years.

参考答案：C

思路：explain题型的阅读要点是分歧主要在哪里。

A：无法解释后一现象

B：无关选项

C：抓住了分歧点：the most widely read magazines和financially successful magazines的区别

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D：无法解释后一现象

E：无关选项（无关对比）

4. The gray squirrel, introduced into local woodlands ten years ago, threatens the indigenous

populat ion of an endangered owl species, because the squirrels’ habitual stripping of tree bark

destroys the trees in which the owls nest. Some local officials have advocated setting out poison

for the gray squirrels. The officials argue that this measure, while eliminating the squirrels, would

pose no threat to the owl population, since the poison would be placed in containers accessible

only to squirrels and other rodents.

Which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the officials’ argument?

A.One of the species whose members are likely to eat the poison is the red squirrel, a species

on which owls do not prey.

B.The owls whose nesting sites are currently being destroyed by the gray squirrels feed

primarily on rodents.

C.No indigenous population of any other bind species apart from the endangered owls is

threatened by the gray squirrels.

D.The owls that tare threatened build their nests in the tops of trees, but the gray squirrels

strip away back from the trunks.

E.The officials’ plan entails adding the poison to food sources that are usually eaten by rodents

but not by other animals.

参考答案：B

思路：本题的错误在于，作者提出一种解决问题的方法，但忽略了他的副作用或反作用，从而没有从根本

上解决问题或引出其他更重要的问题。

A：无关red squirrel

B：如果rodents是owls的主要食物，那末毒死rodents将更严重的减少owls的数量。

C：无关Here the concerned object is the owl, not the other birds

D：无关

E：无关选项Without further information about the rodents, this choice does not bother the argument

Questions 5-6

Sales manager: Last year the total number of meals sold in our company restaurants was much

higher than it was the year before. Obviously consumers find our meals desirable.

Accountant: If you look at inpidual restaurants, however, you find that the number of meals sold

actually decreased substantially at every one of our restaurants that was in operation both last

year and the year before. The desirability of our meals to consumers has clearly decreased, given

that this group of restaurants---the only ones for which we have sales figures that permit a comparison between last year and the year before---demonstrates a trend toward fewer sales.

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5. If the sales figures cited by the accountant and the sales manager are both accurate, which one

of the following must be true?

A.The company opened at least one new restaurant in the last two years.

B.The company’s meals are less competitive than they once were.

C.The quality of the company’s meals has not improved over the last two years.

D.The prices of the company’s meals have changed over the past two years.

E.The market share captured by the company’s restaurants fell last year.

参考答案：A

思路：简单数学计算题。个体收入（利润，成本等）x 数量=总数

A：个体收入减少，总收入上升，必然是数量增加。所赐选项正确。

遇到这种题，只要列出公式即可解决。

6. Which one of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the accountant’s argument?

A.The company’s restaurants last year dropped f rom their menus most of the new dishes that

had been introduced the year before.

B.Prior to last year there was an overall downward trend in the company’s sales.

C.Those of the company’s restaurants that did increase their sales last year did not offer large

discounts on prices to attract customers.

D.Sales of the company’s most expensive meal contributed little to the overall two-year sales

increase.

E.Most of the company’s restaurants that were in operation throughout both last year and the

year before are located in areas where residents experienced a severe overall decline in

income last year.

Sales Manager: the total number of meals sold last year much higher →consumers desire our meals

Accountant: the number of meals sold by every restaurants operating these two years actually decreased last

year from the year before （事实）→ the desirability of our meals has decreased ( conclusion) → a trend toward

fewer sales (conclusion)

1，不同的取样，Sales Manager depends on the total number of meals sold in the company in the last year,

while Accountant depends on each of 2-year-history restaurant；

2，论据与结论之间没有必然的联系，却被当成充分条件。他因可以解释结论。

A. Reason to explain why the sale of each sample restaurant decreased last year. （无关）

B. 总公司前年的下降不能否定去年的下降，也不能支持。（无关）

C. 那些去年销量不降反增的公司是因为没有降价太多。不降反增的公司与下降的公司是两个不同的集合，

描述对象不正确。如果我们推出那些下降的公司是因为降价太多，也只能是给出一个原因来解释为什么下

降。（无关）

D. 公司最贵的招牌菜并没有给公司带来销售的增加。也属于一个解释，解释为什么总量会下降。但与Accountant 的观点并没有直接的联系。既没有针对描述对象：2-year-history restaurant，也没有削弱论据与

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结论之间的必然联系。

E. 答案。针对描述对象：2-year-history restaurant，他因：a severe overall decline in income

时间的一致：last year.

7. Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries

with an annual per capita economic output of $4,000 to $5,000, and less severe for considerably

poorer and considerably richer countries. This is so because pollution problems increase during

the early stages of a country’s industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems. Therefore, problems caused

by such leaching in Country X, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5,000,

should begin to diminish in the next few years.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.Within the next few years, Country X will impose a system of fines for illegal waste disposal

by its industrial companies.

B.Countries surrounding Country X will reduce the amount of pollution that their factories

release into the air and water.

C.Industrial development in Country X will increase in the next few years.

D.Country X will begin the process of industrialization in the next few years.

E.No other country with a similar amount of industrial development has pollution problems

that are as severe as those in Country X.

Principle: Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an

annual per capita economic output of $4,000 to $5,000, and less severe for considerably poorer and considerably

richer countries.

Premise: (大前提）pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrial development but

then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems，用来

支持最后的conclusion:: problems in Country X should begin to diminish in the next few years.

Evidence: in Country X, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5,000,

Conclusion: problems in Country X should begin to diminish in the next few years.

是对premise 的一次改写。

Hidden Assumption: The industrial development in Country X will increase in the next years so that its

economic output will be more than $5,000, it passes over the early stage of industrial development and has

adequate resources to tackle leaching problems.

题目问Assumption, 即必要条件。只有这个必要条件成立，结论才能成立(A->B ) 。没有这个必要条件，结

论是不可能成立的（非B-> 非A)

A. 高额的罚款并不是country X抯problem will diminish. 的必要条件。因为如果由公司从自身的经济利益

出发，宁愿选择接受罚款，则结论不成立。

B. out of scope

C. Correct Answer. 正符合我们的Assumption.

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D. Weaken the conclusion --- because that pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s

industrial development (early stages == begin the process of industrialization)

E. 时间不一致，（一般现在式与begin to diminish in the next few years.）

比较对象不对。（Other country 与Country X vs. Country X 现在与未来）

8. The stable functioning of a society depends upon the relatively long-term stability of the goals

of its citizens. This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of inpiduals have a predictable

and enduring set of aspirations, it will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will

augment the satisfaction of the citizenry, and it should be obvious that a society is stable only if

its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens.

The claim that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens plays

which one of the following roles in the argument?

A.It is the conclusion of the argument.

B.It helps to support the conclusion of the argument. 正确答案

C.It is a claim that must be refuted if the conclusion is to be established.

D.It is a consequence of the argument.

E.It is used to illustrate the general principle that the argument presupposes.

这是一个典型的必要题型，题目之所以觉得有难度，

因为conclusion 在首而论证过程在后，而且还有概念的等价交换：to increase the happiness of its citizens＝

＝to augment the satisfaction of the citizenry

Conclusion: The stable functioning of a society depends upon the relatively long-term stability of the goals of its

citizens.

it should be obvious that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens.

A society is stable (a) → its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens. (b)

This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of inpiduals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations,

it will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry,

To craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry (b)→ the majority of inpiduals have a predictable

and enduring set of aspirations, (c)

Therefore, A requires C. (the conclusion)

看懂文章后，不难得到正确答案B.

9. Astronauts who experience weightlessness frequently get motion sickness. The astronauts see

their own motion relative to passing objects, but while the astronauts are weightless their inner

ears indicate that their bodies are not moving. The astronauts’ experience is best explained by

the hypothesis that conflicting information received by the brain about the body’s motion causes

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Which one of the following, if true, provides the strongest additional support for the hypothesis

above?

A.During rough voyages ship passengers in cabins providing a view of the water are less likely

to get motion sickness than are passengers in cabins providing no view.

B.Many people who are experienced airplane passengers occasionally get motion sickness.

C.Some automobile passengers whose inner ears indicate that they are moving and who have

a clear view of the objects they are passing get motion sickness.

D.People who have aisle seats in trains or airplanes are as likely to get motion sickness as are

people who have window seats.

E.Some astronauts do not get motion sickness even after being in orbit for several days.

答案：A

思路：搭桥法，建立A与B的联系。仔细读题可知：这种运动性疾病是由于大脑接受了不同的矛盾的信息。

有两个信息源：一个来自内耳（静止），一个来自眼睛（运动）。

选项中只有A,C,D涉及这样两个信息源。

A指出接受两种不同的信息较容易获得运动性疾病比起获得两种一致的信息。C：虽有两种信息，但两者是

一致的（都是运动的）。

C, D：指出接受两种一致的信息较容易获得运动性疾病比起获得两种不同的信息。与题目的例子相反。所以

只有A是正确选项。

10. In order to pressure the government of Country S to become less repressive, some legislators

in Country R want to ban all exports from R to S. Companies in R that manufacture telecommunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of

their products should be exempted from the ban, on the ground that it is impossible for a country

to remain repressive when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the population of

that country.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument given by the manufacturers depends?

A.The government of S has recently increased the amount of telecommunication equipment it

allows to be imported into the country.

B.The telecommunication equipment that would be imported into S if the exemption were to

be granted would not be available solely to top development officials in S. 正确答案

C. A majority of the members of R’s legislature do not favor exempting telecommunication

equipment from the ban on exports to Country S.

D.Of all exports that could be sent to Country S, telecommunication equipment would be the

most effective in helping c itizens of S oppose that country’s repressive government.

E.Without pressure from Country R, the government of S would be able to continue repressing

its citizens indefinitely.

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ac5a20d4b307e87100f69608 The correct answer is B.

See: Assumption question

Think: I have to find the conclusion, then the evidence, and from them figure out the central assumption.

Do:

Conclusion: The “what” of an argument

In this case:

In order to pressure the government of Country S to become less repressive, some legislators in Country R want

to ban all exports from R to S.

Evidence: The “Why” of an argument

In this case:

It’s impossible for a country to remain repressive when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the

population of that country.

Assumption: Facts or ideas, not stated in the passage. The assumption must be true if the argument is

to be considered valid. The assumption typical directly links the evidence with the conclusion. The best way to

tackle it is to negate it.

In this case:

The telecommunication equipment that would be imported into S if the exemption were to be granted would not

be available solely to top development officials in S.

If we negate the assumption, the conclusion can’t come to pass.

:

The telecommunication equipment that would be allowed to export into S (exempted) would be AVAILABLE

SOLELY to top development officials in S, then the proposal to pressure the government of Country S to become

less repressive by using ban will be failed. As a result, the argument that manufacture gave that telecommunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of their products

should be exempted from the ban will be failed.

11. The average cable television company offers its customers 50 channels, but new fiber-optic

lines will enable telephone companies to provide 100 to 150 television channels to their customers for the same price as cable companies charge for 50. Therefore, the new companies

will displace cable companies within a few years.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to strengthen the argument?

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A.The initial cost per household of installing new fiber-optic television service will exceed the

current cost of installing cable television service.

B.The most popular movies and programs on channels carried by cable companies will also be

offered on channels carried by the fiber-optic lines owned by the telephone companies.

C.Cable television companies will respond to competition from the telephone companies by

increasing the number of channels they offer.

D.Some telephone companies own cable companies in areas other than those in which they

provide telephone services.

E.The new fiber-optic services offered by telephone companies will be subject to more

stringent governmental programming regulations than those to which cable companies are

now subject.

The correct answer is B.

See: Strengthen question

Think: I need the choice that confirms the central assumption. In other words, Strengthen the argument = Strengthen the assumption.

Do:

Conclusion: The “what” of an argument

In this case:

Cable companies will be displaced by the new companies within a few years.

.

Evidence: The “Why” of an argument

In this case:

The average cable television company offers its customers 50 channels, but new fiber-optic lines will enable

telephone companies to provide 100 to 150 television channels to their customers for the same price as cable companies charge for 50.

Assumption: Facts or ideas, not stated in the passage. The assumption must be true if the argument is

to be considered valid. The assumption typical directly links the evidence with the conclusion. The best way to

tackle it is to negate it.

In this case:

The channels, if not all, the most of them must be overlapped from both providers.

The choice B, only B, confirms the central assumption. So it’s the correct answer.

12. The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying

enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest

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craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that

allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured

from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to

Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.The amount of fuel needed for a spacecraft to return from Mars is the same as the amount

of fuel needed to travel from Earth to Mars.

B.The fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere would not differ in composition from

the fuel used to travel to Mars.

C.The device for manufacturing fuel from the Martian atmosphere would not take up any of

the spaceship crew’s living space.

D. A conventional spacecraft equipped with the device would not be appreciably more

expensive to construct than current spacecraft typically are.

E.The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs less than the tanks of fuel

that a conventional spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip.

The correct answer is (E)

See: Assumption question

Think: I have to find the conclusion, then the evidence, and from them figure out the central assumption.

Do:

Conclusion: The “what” of an argument

In this case:

It is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Evidence: The “Why” of an argument

In this case:

E1:

The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from

Earth.

E2:

A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the

craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return t rip

Assumption: Facts or ideas, not stated in the passage. The assumption must be true if the argument is

to be considered valid. The assumption typical directly links the evidence with the conclusion. The best way to

tackle it is to negate it.

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In this case:

The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs less than the tanks of fuel that a conventional

spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip.

If we negate the assumption, the conclus ion can’t come to pass.

The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs more than the tanks of fuel that a conventional

spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip, then the conclusion can’t come to pass

in new invented device term.

13. In 1712 the government of Country Y appointed a censor to prohibit the publication of any

book critical of Country Y’s government; all new books legally published in the country after 1712

were approved by a censor. Under the first censor, one half of the book manuscripts submitted to

the censor were not approved for publication. Under the next censor, only one quarter of the

book manuscripts submitted were not approved, but the number of book manuscripts that were approved was the same under both censors. If the statements in the passage are true, which one

of the following can be properly concluded from them?

A.More books critical of Country Y’s governments were published before the appointment of

the first censor than after it.

B.The first censor and the second censor prohibited the publication of the same number of

book manuscripts.

C.More book manuscripts were submitted for approval to the first censor than to the second.

D.The second censor allowed some book manuscripts to the published that the first censor

would have considered critical of Country Y’s government.

E.The number of writers who wrote unpublished manuscripts was greater under the first

censor than under the second.

参考思路：

同5，又是一道计算题。关键还是列出公式。

the number of book manuscripts that were approved was the same under both censors.

Numbers of the first censor checked x (1-50%) = Numbers of the second censor x (1-25%)

So

(C) More book manuscripts were submitted for approval to the first censor than to the second.

14. If the government increases its funding for civilian scientific research, private patrons and industries will believe that such research has become primarily the government’s responsibility.

When they believe that research is no longer primarily their responsibility, private patrons and industries will decrease their contributions toward research. Therefore, in order to keep from

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depressing the overall level of funding for civilian scientific research, the government should not

increase its own funding.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

ac5a20d4b307e87100f69608ernments should bear the majority of the financial burden of funding for civilian

scientific research.

B.Any increase in government funding would displace more private funding for civilian

scientific research than it would provide.

C.Private donations toward research are no longer welcomed by researchers whose work

receives government funding.

D.Civilian scientific research cannot be conducted efficiently with more than one source of

funding.

E.funding for civilian scientific research is currently at the highest possible level.

参考思路：

本题指出private funding for civilian scientific research和government funding是一增一减的关系。如果两者的

增长数量是一样的，则总量不会随其中之一而变化。而如果一方的变化是另一方变化量的系数倍，则总量

将会受到影响

(B) Any increase in government funding would displace more private funding for civilian scientific research than it

would provide.

这个选项指出了第二钟变化趋势。Therefore, in order to keep from depressing the overall level of funding for

civilian scientific research, the government should not increase its own funding. 我们应该假设Any increase in government funding would displace more private funding for civilian scientific research than it would provide.。b

is correct.

15. Dental researcher: Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure: it inevitably damages

some of the healthy parts of the tooth. Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves

inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point. Therefore,

dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from

that cavity.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most strongly supports the researcher’s reasoning?

A.Dentists should perform any procedure that is likely to be beneficial in the long term, but

only if the procedure does not cause immediate damage.

B.Dentists should help their patients to prevent cavities rather than waiting until cavities are

present to begin treatment.

C. A condition that is only potentially harmful should not be treated using a method that is

definitely harmful.

D. A condition that is typically progressive should not be treated using methods that provide

only temporary relief.

E. A condition that is potentially harmful should not be left untreated unless it can be kept

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答案：C

思路：搭桥法，建立A与B的联系作者指出：补牙对牙齿的健康部分是一定有害的。而牙洞只有在已经露

出神经后才是有害的。可是这种情形几乎不可能出现。因此牙医不应该随便给病人补牙除非牙龈神经已经

露出。

A, 提到无关信息：beneficial in the long term。

B, 与题目相反

C, 有效的建立了两者的关系，即对于潜在的伤害不应用必然带来其他伤害的方法来治疗。

D, 无关信息排除

E, 没有建立起有效的连接。

16. The axis of Earth’s daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at an angle of

roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by the gravitational influence of

Earth’s large, nearby Moon. Without such a stable and moderate axis tilt, a planet’s climate is too

extreme and unstable to support life. Mars, for example, has only very small moons, tilts at wildly fluctuating angles, and cannot support life.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of

them?

A.If Mars had a sufficiently large nearby moon, Mars would be able to support life.

B.If Earth’s Moon were to leave Earth’s orbit, Earth’s climate would be unable to support life.

C.Any planet with a stable, moderate axis tilt can support life.

D.Gravitational influences other than moons have little or no effect on the magnitude of the

tilt angle of either Earth’s or Mars’s axis.

E.No planet that has more than one moon can support life.

参考思路：

A only by B。B是A的必要条件, 非B推出非A。

If Earth’s Moon were to leave Earth’s orbit -----〉That angle cannot be kept fairly stable ---

a planet’s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life.( based on Without such a stable and moderate axis

tilt, a pl anet’s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life.)

(B) If Earth’s Moon were to leave Earth’s orbit, Earth’s climate would be unable to support life.

Is correct!

此题为典型的逻辑关系推理题。

17. Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two inpiduals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the

same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these

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ac5a20d4b307e87100f69608 two inpiduals are in fact different.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psycho logist’s argument depends?

A.Astrologers have not subjected their claims to rigorous experimentation.

B.The personality differences between the two inpiduals cannot be explained by the cultural

difference between Toronto and New York.

C.The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did not result in the two

inpiduals having different horoscopes.

ac5a20d4b307e87100f69608plete birth records for the past 40 years were kept at both hospitals.

E.Identical twins have identical genetic structures and usually have similar home

environments.

答案：C

思路：Psychologist举例否原观点，举的反例必定是在原观点相同的前提情况下产生了与原观点不同的结

论。原观点的前提情况是相同星座，结论是性格相同。反例的前提情况需要与原观点的一致，所以即是不

管多伦多还是纽约生的星座是一样的。

A, 是无关选项，占星家们做没做实验对原文半点影响没有。

B, 是无关选项，心理学家们驳的是星象，跟文化没关系。

D, 是废话，重复了原文的背景。

E, 也是废话，重复了原文的背景。

18. Modern navigati on systems, which are found in most of today’s commercial aircraft, are made

with low-power circuitry, which is more susceptible to interference than the vacuum-tube

circuitry found in older planes. During landing, navigation systems receive radio signals from the

airport to guide the plane to the runway. Recently, one plane with low-power circuitry veered off

course during landing, its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a laptop computer. Clearly,

modern aircraft navigation systems are being put at risk by the electronic devices that passengers

carry on board, such as cassette players and laptop computers.

Which one of the following, if true, LEAST strengthens the argument above?

A.After the laptop computer was turned off, the plane regained course and its navigation

instruments and dials returned to normal.

B.When in use all electronic devices emit electromagnetic radiation, which is known to

interfere with circuitry.

C.No problems with navigational equipment or instrument dials have been reported on flights

with no passenger-owned electronic devices on board.

D.Significant electromagnetic radiation from portable electronic devices can travel up to eight

meters, and some passenger seats on modern aircraft are located within four meters of the

navigation systems.

E.Planes were first equipped with low-power circuitry at about the same time portable

electronic devices became popular.

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答案：E

思路：E是无关选项，同时装备无法支持飞机航行受电子设备干扰。其他选项都能支持。

A, 加强选项，关了电玩后，飞机就正常了，说明电玩有影响。

B, 加强选项，直接说电玩影响飞机电路。

C, 没有电玩，飞机没影响，相对加强力度弱些，但比起E来也能勉强算做加强。

D, 加强选项，电玩八米有影响，有些乘客就坐在电路八米内。

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TEST 2

19. Jane: Television programs and movies that depict violence among teenagers are extremely popular. Given how influential these media are, we have good reason to believe that these depictions cause young people to engage in violent behavior. Hence, depictions of violence

among teenagers should be prohibited from movies and television programs, if only in those programs and movies promoted to young audiences.

Maurice: But you are recommending nothing short of censorship! Besides which, your claim that television and movie depictions of violence cause violence is mistaken: violence among young

people predates movies and television by centuries.

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens Jane’s argument?

A.The most violent characters depicted in movies and on television programs are adult

characters who are portrayed by adult actors.

B.The movies that have been shown to have the most influence on young people’s behavior

are those that are promoted to young audiences.

C.The people who make the most profits in the movie and television industry are those who

can successfully promote their work to both young and old audiences.

D.Many adolescents who engage in violent behavior had already displayed such behavior

before they were exposed violence in movies.

E.Among the producers who make both movies and television programs, many voluntarily

restrict the subject matter of films directed toward young audiences.

答案：B

思路：J说由于恶少们很多是被电影带坏的，所以带暴力的镜头应该除掉。要支持，就要建立连接，说这些

电影对孩儿们影响太大了，所以选B。

A, 无关选项，成人角色原文没提过。

C, 无关选项，搞影视的大腕跟原文也没关系。

D, 削弱，说那帮小孩们从来就是暴力狂，跟影视没关系。

E, 比较模糊，说是制作人们比较自觉，一般都删掉暴力镜头，可以说无关，也可以说削弱，但是绝对不是

加强。

20. A rise in the percentage of all 18-year-olds who were recruited by the armed services of a

small republic between 1980 and 1986 correlates with a rise in the percentage of young people

who dropped out of high school in that republic. Since 18-year-olds in the republic are generally

either high school graduates or high school dropouts, the correlation leads to the conclusion that

the republic’s recruitment rates for 18-year-olds depend substantially on recruitment rates for

high school dropouts.

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ac5a20d4b307e87100f69608 Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument?

A. A large number of 18-year-old high school graduates were recruited for the republic’s armed

services in 1986 than in 1980.

B.Many of the high-technology systems used by the republic’s armed services can be operated

only by inpiduals who have completed a high school education.

C.Between 1980 and 1986 the percentage of high school graduates among 18-year-olds

recruited in the republic rose sharply.

D.Personnel of the republic’s armed services are strongly encouraged to finish their high

school education.

E.The proportion of recruits who had completed at least two years of college education was

greater in 1986 than in 1980.

参考答案：C

思路：题目的核心是要否定percentage of dropouts 与percentage of recruitment的因果关系

A：典型的混淆相对数概念和绝对数概念，文中比较的是比率，选项给的是绝对数；

B：无关选项，和题目的核心比率没有太大关系。Tips: 注意many... only by.....这种表述。

C：正确，指出结论的错误属于false dilemma。

D：无关选项。此类错误属于false appeal。tips:注意.....（机构或人）strongly encourage something

E：无关选项，percentage of those completed college education和题目的核心比率没有太大关系。

21. Historian: We can learn about the medical history of inpiduals through chemical analysis of

their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to

mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock

of Bee thoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a

venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since

mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if re searchers find

a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?

A.None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.

B.Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.

C.Mercury is an effective treatment for venereal disease.

D.Mercury poisoning can cause deafness in people with venereal disease.

E.Beethoven suffered from psychological problems of the same severity as Newt on’s.

There should be 2 assumptions to support the hypothesis. The 1st assumption of the author is that only venereal

disease will be treated by mercury in Beethoven’s time. The 2nd assumption is only some people in Beethoven's

time will ingest mercury, if all people ingest mercury, the evidence is not useful. So, some people in Beethoven's

time did not ingest mercury. The answer should be B.

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A, E have nothing to do with the argument.

C is not necessary, 'Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease' is

enough.

D is wrong: according to the author, it is the venereal disease that will cause the deafness, not the mercury

poison.

22. In 1992, a major newspaper circulated throughout North American paid its reporters an

average salary paid by its principle competitors to their reporters. An executive of the newspaper

argued that this practice was justified, since any shortfall that might exist in the reporters’

salaries is fully compensated by the valuable training they receive through their assignments.

Which one of the following, if true about the newspaper in 1992, most seriously undermines the justification offered by the executive?

A.Senior reporters at the newspaper earned as much as reporters of similar stature who

worked for the newspaper’s principle competitors.

B.Most of the newspaper’s reporters had worked there for more than ten years.

C.The circulation of the newspaper had recently reached a plateau, after it had increased

steadily throughout the 1980s.

D.The union that represented reporters at the newspaper was different from the union that

represented reporters at the newspaper’s competitors.

E.The newspaper was widely read throughout continental Europe and Great Britain as well as

North America.

参考答案：B

思路：否定low salaries is fully compensated by training

A：与结论无关

B：10年工作经验表示training的作用不大。

C：与结论无关。

D：与结论无关。

E：与结论无关。

评论：此题较难，只能用排除法作。正确选项也比较含糊，需要推理，这种题在gmat中出现的不多。

23. On a certain day, nine scheduled flights on Swift Airlines were canceled. Ordinarily, a cancellation is due to mechanical problems with the airplane scheduled for a certain flight. However, since it is unlikely that Swift would have the mechanical problems with more than one

or two scheduled flights on a single day, some of the nine cancellations were probably due to something else.

The argument depends on which one of the following assumptions?

A.More than one or two airplanes were scheduled for the nine canceled flights.

B.Swift Airlines has fewer mechanical problems than do other airlines of the same size.

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C.Each of the canceled flights would have been longer than the average flight on Swift Airlines.

D.Swift Airlines had never before canceled more than one or two scheduled flights on a single

day.

E.All of the airplanes scheduled for the canceled flights are based at the same airport.

参考答案：A 采用取非法。

思路：否定More than one or two airplanes were scheduled for the nine canceled flights.将削弱作者的结论。

A：取非削弱

B：无关。

C：无关。

D：无关。

E：无关。

24. The interstitial nucleus, a sub-region of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male

cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from

disease X, a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male

cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the

size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.

Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y.

B.Many male cats that contract disease X also contract disease Z, the cause of which is

unknown.

C.the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X are larger than those of female

cats who do not contract disease X.

D.Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats that did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei

larger than those of the average male cat.

E.The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype

of disease Y.

E is the best answer. Disease X is the subtype is disease Y, if disease Y has no link with hypothalamus, X must have

no link with hypothalamus.

A, C talked about the female cat, that can't weaken the argument.

B talked about another disease Z, doesn't weaken the argument.

D just shows some data, which cannot weaken the argument.

25. There should be a greater use of gasohol. Gasohol is a mixture of alcohol and gasoline, and

has a higher octane rating and fewer carbon monoxide emissions than straight gasoline. Burning

gasohol adds no more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than plants remove by photosynthesis.

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